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Menu E, Filori Q, Dufour JC, Ranque S, L’Ollivier C. A Repertoire of Clinical Non-Dermatophytes Moulds. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040433. [PMID: 37108888 PMCID: PMC10146755 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to micromycetes, especially filamentous fungi that are ubiquitous in the environment. In the presence of risk factors, mostly related to an alteration of immunity, the non-dermatophyte fungi can then become opportunistic pathogens, causing superficial, deep or disseminated infections. With new molecular tools applied to medical mycology and revisions in taxonomy, the number of fungi described in humans is rising. Some rare species are emerging, and others more frequent are increasing. The aim of this review is to (i) inventory the filamentous fungi found in humans and (ii) provide details on the anatomical sites where they have been identified and the semiology of infections. Among the 239,890 fungi taxa and corresponding synonyms, if any, retrieved from the Mycobank and NCBI Taxonomy databases, we were able to identify 565 moulds in humans. These filamentous fungi were identified in one or more anatomical sites. From a clinical point of view, this review allows us to realize that some uncommon fungi isolated in non-sterile sites may be involved in invasive infections. It may present a first step in the understanding of the pathogenicity of filamentous fungi and the interpretation of the results obtained with the new molecular diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Menu
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Filori
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Dufour
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie L’Ollivier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
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Hu J, Kent P, Lennon JM, Logan LK. Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis in an immunocompromised young adult. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-211092. [PMID: 26376700 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis is an acute onset disease characterised by ulceration, necrosis, pain and bleeding in gingival surfaces. It is predominantly seen in severely malnourished children and young adults with advanced HIV infection. We present a unique presentation in a young adult with high-grade osteogenic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Hu
- Department of GME, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Kent
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua M Lennon
- Department of GME, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Latania K Logan
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Guarro J. Lessons from animal studies for the treatment of invasive human infections due to uncommon fungi. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1447-66. [PMID: 21493649 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical experience in the management of opportunistic infections, especially those caused by less common fungi, is, due to their rarity, very scarce; therefore, the most effective treatments remain unknown. The ever-increasing numbers of fungal infections due to opportunistic fungi have repeatedly proven the limitations of the antifungal armamentarium. Moreover, some of these fungi, such as Fusarium spp. or Scedosporium spp., are innately resistant to almost all the available antifungal drugs, which makes the development of new and effective therapies a high priority. Since it is difficult to conduct randomized clinical trials in these uncommon mycoses, the use of animal models is a good alternative for evaluating new therapies. This is an extensive review of the numerous studies that have used animal models for this purpose against a significant number of less common fungi. A table describing the different studies performed on the efficacy of the different drugs tested is included for each fungal species. In addition, there is a summary table showing the conclusions that can be derived from the analysis of the studies and listing the drugs that showed the best results. Considering the wide variability in the response to the antifungals that the different strains of a given species can show, the table highlights the drugs that showed positive results using at least two parameters for evaluating efficacy against at least two different strains without showing any negative results. These data can be very useful for guiding the treatment of rare infections when there is very little experience or when controversial results exist, or when treatment fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Guarro
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
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