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APG101 efficiently rescues erythropoiesis in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes with severe impairment of hematopoiesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14898-911. [PMID: 26910909 PMCID: PMC4924760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD95, a member of the death receptor family initiates a caspase-dependent apoptosis, when activated by its ligand CD95L, thought to negatively regulate erythrocyte production in the bone marrow. We have previously shown that CD95 is overexpressed in two thirds of patients with a lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and that resistance to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) is linked to poor residual erythropoiesis. In the present study, we show that CD95 overexpression and previous transfusion are independent predictive factors of ESA resistance. To investigate an alternative therapeutic strategy of anemia in ESA-resistant patients, we have conducted a preclinical study of the effects of APG101, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of human CD95 and the Fc region of human IgG1 on MDS erythropoiesis in vitro. APG101 increases the number of burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) progenitors derived from CD34+ progenitors in liquid culture and improves overall proliferation rate of erythroid precursors by inhibiting apoptosis. APG101 rescues BFU-E growth in MDS patients presenting with attrition of erythroid progenitors at baseline, independently of CD95 or CD95L expression level. Our data show that overexpression of CD95 at diagnosis is a hallmark of ESA resistance and that severe impairment of erythropoiesis is predictive of erythroid response to APG101 in vitro. These data provide a rationale for further clinical investigation of APG101 in an attempt to treat anemia in lower risk MDS patients.
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2
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Shao Z, Harfuddin Z, Pang WL, Nickles E, Koh LK, Schwarz H. Trogocytic CD137 transfer causes an internalization of CD137 ligand on murine APCs leading to reduced T cell costimulation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:909-919. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0213-079rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
CD137 ligand (CD137L) is expressed on APCs and crosslinks CD137, a powerful costimulatory molecule on T cells during cognate interactions, and thereby greatly enhances immune responses. We report that CD137 can be transferred from activated T cells and from tumor cells that express CD137 to other cells via trogocytosis. This trogocytic transfer is independent of CD137L expression by the recipient cell. However, if CD137L is present on the recipient cell, the transferred CD137 binds to CD137L and the CD137-CD137L complex becomes internalized. The removal of CD137L from the surface of APCs lowers their ability to costimulate T cells, as evidenced by a reduced IFN-γ secretion. Removal of CD137L on APCs by trogocytic transfer of CD137 occurs within 1 h and requires cell-cell contact and the continuous presence of CD137-expressing cells. Bidirectional signaling exists for the CD137 receptor/ligand system, because CD137L also signals into APCs. We propose that the trogocytic transfer of CD137 from activated T cells to APCs and the subsequent removal of CD137L from APCs is a physiologic regulatory mechanism that limits immune activity. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the trogocytic transfer of CD137 occurs in cancers and quenches the activity of APCs, contributing to the cancer cells escaping immune surveillance. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the trogocytic transfer of CD137 leads to an internalization of CD137L on APCs and a reduction in immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shao
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
- Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Zulkarnain Harfuddin
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
- Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Wan Lu Pang
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
- Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Emily Nickles
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
- Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Liang Kai Koh
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
- Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
- Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
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3
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Enhancement of soluble CD28 levels in the serum of Graves' disease. Cent Eur J Immunol 2014; 39:216-22. [PMID: 26155127 PMCID: PMC4440026 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.43726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland mediated by T cells. CD28, a member of costimulatory molecules, plays a pivotal role in regulating T-cell responses. Plasma-soluble CD28 is one form of CD28 in peripheral blood. To investigate the concentrations of soluble CD28 in patients with Graves' disease, we used a sensitive dual monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the soluble form of CD28. Our results suggested that mean concentrations of soluble CD28 in plasma of patients with Graves' disease were 1.79 ±1.52 ng/ml, and levels of soluble CD28 in healthy subjects were only 0.83 ±1.35 ng/ml. Concentrations of soluble CD28 detected in patients with Graves' disease were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of soluble CD28 in plasma and levels of FT3 (r = 0.663), FT4 (r = 0.624) and TRAb (r = 0.728) in serum, but a negative correlation was found between sCD28 levels and TSH (r = -0.726). Through in vitro experiments we observed that engagement of soluble CD28 protein and B7-1/B7-2 molecules expressed on dendritic cells could exert the secretion of cytokine IL-6, which may promote the production of autoantibody and aggravate Graves' disease. Therefore, aberrant elevation of plasma-soluble CD28 in patients with Graves' disease may reflect the dysregulation of immune system, and may serve as a useful biomarker in Graves' disease diagnosis.
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Tang Q, Jiang D, Harfuddin Z, Cheng K, Moh MC, Schwarz H. Regulation of myelopoiesis by CD137L signaling. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:454-69. [PMID: 24941289 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.921163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD137 ligand (CD137L) has emerged as a powerful regulator of myelopoiesis that links emergency situations, such as infections, to the generation of additional myeloid cells, and to their activation and maturation. CD137L is expressed on the cell surface of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and antigen presenting cells (APC) as a transmembrane protein. The signaling of CD137L into HSPC induces their proliferation and differentiation to monocytes and macrophages, and in monocytes CD137L signaling induces differentiation to potent dendritic cells (DC). CD137L signaling is initiated by CD137 which is expressed by T cells, once they become activated. Some of these activated, CD137-expressing T cells migrate from the site of infection to the bone marrow where they interact with HSPC to induce myelopoiesis, or they induce monocyte to DC differentiation locally at the site of infection. Therapeutically, induction of CD137L signaling can be utilized to reinitiate myeloid differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia cells, and to generate potent DC for immunotherapy.
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Biosensors in clinical practice: focus on oncohematology. SENSORS 2013; 13:6423-47. [PMID: 23673681 PMCID: PMC3690064 DOI: 10.3390/s130506423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are devices that are capable of detecting specific biological analytes and converting their presence or concentration into some electrical, thermal, optical or other signal that can be easily analysed. The first biosensor was designed by Clark and Lyons in 1962 as a means of measuring glucose. Since then, much progress has been made and the applications of biosensors are today potentially boundless. This review is limited to their clinical applications, particularly in the field of oncohematology. Biosensors have recently been developed in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients affected by hematological malignancies, such as the biosensor for assessing the in vitro pre-treatment efficacy of cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia, and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensor for assessing the efficacy of imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia. The review also considers the challenges and future perspectives of biosensors in clinical practice.
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Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the detection of VEGFR-1--a protein marker of myelodysplastic syndromes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:381-7. [PMID: 21931953 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor system with dispersionless microfluidics for the direct and label-free detection of a soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sVEGFR-1) is described. The detection approach takes advantage of an affinity interaction between sVEGFR-1 and its ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), which is covalently immobilized on the surface of the SPR sensor. The ability of the immobilized VEGF-A to specifically bind the sVEGFR-1 receptor is demonstrated in a buffer. The detection of sVEGFR-1 in 2% human blood plasma is carried out by using the sequential injection approach. The detection limit of 25 ng/mL is achieved. In addition, we demonstrate that the functional surface of the sensor can be regenerated for repeated use.
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Dreyssig J, Kremser A, Liepert A, Grabrucker C, Freudenreich M, Schmid C, Kroell T, Scholl N, Tischer J, Kufner S, Salih H, Kolb HJ, Schmetzer HM. Various ‘dendritic cell antigens’ are already expressed on uncultured blasts in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:1113-24. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and methods: Leukemia-derived dendritic cells (DCleu) potentially present the whole leukemic antigen repertoire. We studied antigen-expression profiles of blasts/dendritic cells (DCs) generated from 137 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/49 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients with six different DC-generating media by flow-cytometry combining expression of blast/maturation and DC antigens (DCA:CD1a,b,c, CD25, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, CD137-L and CD206). Results: First, DCA are regularly and variably expressed on uncultured blasts/mononuclear cells (MNCs). Individual patients’ DCA profiles must be evaluated before DC-culture to find suitable DCA to estimate quality/quantity of DC after culture. Second, after culture in every patient, at least one marker fulfilled these criteria. Third, different DC-generating methods showed varying efficiency to generate DC: not every method was always successful. Fourth, individual FACS-DCA profiles showed a successful DC/DCleu generation with at least one of three previously tested methods in every given AML/MDS case. Fifth, pooling results of all selected best methods in every given case, 28/30% DC were generated from AML/MDS samples: >60% viable DC, on average 49/56% mature DC and on average 36% of blasts were convertible to DCleu resulting in on average 49% DCleu of AML-DC. Conclusions: Individual DCA-expression profiles should be evaluated before culture to evaluate DC counts/subtypes (mature/viableDC, DCleu) in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dreyssig
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kremser
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Liepert
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Grabrucker
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Freudenreich
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Kroell
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Scholl
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Tischer
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephany Kufner
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Salih
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochem Kolb
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health/Clinical Cooperative Group Haematopoetic Cell Transplantation (CCG-HCT), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Scholl N, Loibl J, Kremser A, Liepert A, Grabrucker C, Salih HR, Kolb HJ, Schmetzer HM. The role of soluble and cell-surface expressed 4-1BB ligand in patients with malignant hemopoietic disorders. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:427-36. [PMID: 19225975 DOI: 10.1080/10428190802709453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The TNFR family member 4-1BB and its ligand 4-1BBL are involved in the costimulation of T-cells and tumor-derived soluble (s)4-1BBL may influence the interaction of malignant cells with the immune system. Here, we report that cell-surface-expressed (c)4-1BBL can be expressed on mononuclear blood cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 35), myelodysplasia (n = 5) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 11) and can be coexpressed on varying proportions of lymphoid or myeloid malignant cells and on dendritic cells differentiated from AML-blasts. Direct correlations between c- and s4-1BBL were not found in the investigated cases. Up to now expression of 4-1BBL has not been described on primary myeloid malignant cells, but only on malignant cells of lymphoid or solid tumor origin or on tumor cell lines. With our work we further contribute to the understanding of the potential role of c/s4-1BBL in immune reactions and its influence on the interaction of tumor and immunoreactive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Scholl
- Medical Department III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Mahadevan D, DiMento J, Croce KD, Riley C, George B, Fuchs D, Mathews T, Wilson C, Lobell M. Transcriptosome and serum cytokine profiling of an atypical case of myelodysplastic syndrome with progression to acute myelogenous leukemia. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:779-86. [PMID: 16838325 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A Native American-Indian female presenting with anemia and thrombocytosis was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, refractory anemia). Over the course of 5 years she developed cytopenias and periods of leukocytosis with normal bone marrow (BM) blast counts, features of an unclassifiable MDS/MPS syndrome. The patient ultimately progressed to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, FAB M2) and had a normal karyotype throughout her course. The episodes of leukocytosis were associated with infectious complications. Transformation to AML was characterized by a BM blast percentage of 49%. Peripheral blood and BM samples were obtained for serum protein analysis and gene expression profiling (GEP) to elucidate her disease process. An ELISA assay of the serum analyzed approximately 80 cytokines, which demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 were markedly elevated compared to normal. GEP demonstrated a unique "tumor molecular profile," which included overexpression of oncogenes (HOXA9, N-MYC, KOC1), proliferative genes (PAWR, DLG5, AKR1C3), invasion/metastatic genes (FN1, N-CAM-1, ITGB5), pro-angiogenesis genes (c-Kit), and down regulation of tumor suppressor genes (SUI1, BARD1) and anti-apoptotic genes (PGLYRP, SERPINB2, MPO). Hence, a biomics approach has provided insight into elucidating disease mechanisms, molecular prognostic factors, and discovery of novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Progression
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/blood
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Daruka Mahadevan
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
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10
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Xie F, Ge Y, Chen L, Wu H, Qu Q, Wang X, Zhang X. Development of a sandwich ELISA for evaluating soluble OX40L (CD252) in human sera of different ages or with Graves’ disease. Cytokine 2006; 36:23-8. [PMID: 17166734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OX40 ligand (CD252), a molecule originally identified as human gp34, is an important costimulatory molecule during immune response. Here, we describe a sandwich ELISA for the detection and quantification of soluble OX40L using anti-OX40L monoclonal antibodies 1G1 and 4C12 as capture and detecting antibody, respectively. With this ELISA, the existence and concentration of soluble forms of OX40L (sOX40L) was demonstrated for the first time. It was found that soluble OX40L is detectable in the sera of elderly persons (above 60 years old) and patients with Graves' disease which has the highest mean serum concentration of sOX40L, suggesting the potential diagnostic significance of sOX40L in the disease. Surprisingly, the quantitation of sOX40L was correlated with the age and among these subjects, those of 70s and 80s have much higher sOX40L concentration than those of 60s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, China
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Hentschel N, Krusch M, Kiener PA, Kolb HJ, Salih HR, Schmetzer HM. Serum levels of sCD137 (4-1BB) ligand are prognostic factors for progression in acute myeloid leukemia but not in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2006; 77:91-101. [PMID: 16800841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2006.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CD178 (Fas/APO-1 ligand) and CD137 ligand (CD137L) have previously been described in sera of patients with various malignancies and play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that low levels of soluble (s) CD137L and high levels of sCD178 correlate significantly with a long progression free survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In this study, we correlated sCD137L and sCD178 levels in sera of 42 samples of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 46 samples of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with stages, subtypes, and the clinical course of the diseases and determined cut-off values with maximum probability for significant differentiation between cases with higher/lower probability for progress free survival. In contrast to patients with MDS, surprisingly no correlation between sCD178 levels and different subtypes and stages or with prognosis in AML or NHL were observed. Regarding sCD137L, NHL-patients displayed lower levels compared with AML. Statistically significant higher median levels of sCD137L are present in patients with undifferentiated AML (M1/M2, 1,470 pg/mL), poor cytogenetic risk (288 pg/mL) and higher levels of BM-blasts (186 pg/mL) compared with patients with monocytoid AML (M4/M5, 89 pg/mL), intermediate cytogenetic risk (59 pg/mL) and lower levels of BM-blasts (14 pg/mL) respectively. Furthermore, in AML patients sCD137L levels correlate significantly with the probabilities to achieve complete remission (CR), stay in CR or with progress of the disease. Taken together, our data demonstrate that sCD137L can be used as a prognostic factor not only in MDS but also in AML.
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MESH Headings
- 4-1BB Ligand
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Blast Crisis/blood
- Child, Preschool
- Disease Progression
- Disease-Free Survival
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid/blood
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/blood
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/blood
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Solubility
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hentschel
- Medical Department III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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