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Sadeghipour A, Taha SR, Shariat Zadeh M, Kosari F, Babaheidarian P, Fattahi F, Abdi N, Tajik F. Expression and Clinical Significance of Ki-67, CD10, BCL6, MUM1, c-MYC, and EBV in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Patients. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:309-321. [PMID: 38872345 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in adults. Although studies regarding the association between the expression of Ki-67, CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 proteins, as well as c-MYC amplification and EBV status with clinicopathologic characteristics have rapidly progressed, their co-expression and prognostic role remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the expression of all markers and clinicopathologic features and their prognostic value in DLBCL. Also, the co-expression of markers was investigated. METHODS The protein expression levels and prognostic significance of Ki-67, CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 were investigated with clinical follow-up in a total of 53 DLBCL specimens (including germinal center B [GCB] and activated B cell [ABC] subtypes) as well as adjacent normal samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Besides, the clinical significance and prognostic value of c-MYC and EBV status were also evaluated through chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), and their correlation with other markers was also assessed. RESULTS The results demonstrated a positive correlation between CD10 and BCL6 expression, with both markers being associated with the GCB subtype ( P< 0.001 and P =0.001, respectively). Besides, we observe a statistically significant association between MUM1 protein expression and clinicopathologic type ( P< 0.005) as well as a positive association between c-MYC and recurrence ( P =0.028). Our survival analysis showed that patients who had responded to R-CHOP treatment had better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than those who did not. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study's results add these markers' value to the existing clinical understanding of DLBCL. However, further investigations are needed to explore markers' prognostic and biological roles in DLBCL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Male
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Neprilysin/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 4, Human
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
- Aged, 80 and over
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Immunohistochemistry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Vincristine/therapeutic use
- Clinical Relevance
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sadeghipour
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Farid Kosari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Babaheidarian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Ayatollah-Khansari Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Navid Abdi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Fatemeh Tajik
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
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Venkatraman S, Balasubramanian B, Thuwajit C, Meller J, Tohtong R, Chutipongtanate S. Targeting MYC at the intersection between cancer metabolism and oncoimmunology. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324045. [PMID: 38390324 PMCID: PMC10881682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
MYC activation is a known hallmark of cancer as it governs the gene targets involved in various facets of cancer progression. Of interest, MYC governs oncometabolism through the interactions with its partners and cofactors, as well as cancer immunity via its gene targets. Recent investigations have taken interest in characterizing these interactions through multi-Omic approaches, to better understand the vastness of the MYC network. Of the several gene targets of MYC involved in either oncometabolism or oncoimmunology, few of them overlap in function. Prominent interactions have been observed with MYC and HIF-1α, in promoting glucose and glutamine metabolism and activation of antigen presentation on regulatory T cells, and its subsequent metabolic reprogramming. This review explores existing knowledge of the role of MYC in oncometabolism and oncoimmunology. It also unravels how MYC governs transcription and influences cellular metabolism to facilitate the induction of pro- or anti-tumoral immunity. Moreover, considering the significant roles MYC holds in cancer development, the present study discusses effective direct or indirect therapeutic strategies to combat MYC-driven cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Venkatraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Brinda Balasubramanian
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jaroslaw Meller
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rutaiwan Tohtong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Milk, microbiome, Immunity and Lactation research for Child Health (MILCH) and Novel Therapeutics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Valiuska S, Psaras AM, Noé V, Brooks TA, Ciudad CJ. Targeting MYC Regulation with Polypurine Reverse Hoogsteen Oligonucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010378. [PMID: 36613820 PMCID: PMC9820101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogene MYC has key roles in transcription, proliferation, deregulating cellular energetics, and more. Modulating the expression or function of the MYC protein is a viable therapeutic goal in an array of cancer types, and potential inhibitors of MYC with high specificity and selectivity are of great interest. In cancer cells addicted to their aberrant MYC function, suppression can lead to apoptosis, with minimal effects on non-addicted, non-oncogenic cells, providing a wide therapeutic window for specific and efficacious anti-tumor treatment. Within the promoter of MYC lies a GC-rich, G-quadruplex (G4)-forming region, wherein G4 formation is capable of mediating transcriptional downregulation of MYC. Such GC-rich regions of DNA are prime targets for regulation with Polypurine Reverse Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs). The current study designed and examined PPRHs targeting the G4-forming and four other GC-rich regions of DNA within the promoter or intronic regions. Six total PPRHs were designed, examined in cell-free conditions for target engagement and in cells for transcriptional modulation, and correlating cytotoxic activity in pancreatic, prostate, neuroblastoma, colorectal, ovarian, and breast cancer cells. Two lead PPRHs, one targeting the promoter G4 and one targeting Intron 1, were identified with high potential for further development as an innovative approach to both G4 stabilization and MYC modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Valiuska
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Maria Psaras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tracy A. Brooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Correspondence: (C.J.C.); (T.A.B.); Tel.: +34-93-403-4455 (C.J.C.)
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.J.C.); (T.A.B.); Tel.: +34-93-403-4455 (C.J.C.)
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Francisco JC, Virshup DM. Casein Kinase 1 and Human Disease: Insights From the Circadian Phosphoswitch. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:911764. [PMID: 35720131 PMCID: PMC9205208 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.911764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems operate in constant communication through shared components and feedback from changes in the environment. Casein kinase 1 (CK1) is a family of protein kinases that functions in diverse biological pathways and its regulation is beginning to be understood. The several isoforms of CK1 take part in key steps of processes including protein translation, cell-cell interactions, synaptic dopaminergic signaling and circadian rhythms. While CK1 mutations are rarely the primary drivers of disease, the kinases are often found to play an accessory role in metabolic disorders and cancers. In these settings, the dysregulation of CK1 coincides with increased disease severity. Among kinases, CK1 is unique in that its substrate specificity changes dramatically with its own phosphorylation state. Understanding the process that governs CK1 substrate selection is thus useful in identifying its role in various ailments. An illustrative example is the PERIOD2 (PER2) phosphoswitch, where CK1δ/ε kinase activity can be varied between three different substrate motifs to regulate the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C. Francisco
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M. Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: David M. Virshup,
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Cardio-onco-metabolism: metabolic remodelling in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:414-425. [PMID: 35440740 PMCID: PMC10112835 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The emerging field of cardio-oncology has revealed that these seemingly disparate disease processes are intertwined, owing to the cardiovascular sequelae of anticancer therapies, shared risk factors that predispose individuals to both cardiovascular disease and cancer, as well the possible potentiation of cancer growth by cardiac dysfunction. As a result, interest has increased in understanding the fundamental biological mechanisms that are central to the relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer. Metabolism, appropriate regulation of energy, energy substrate utilization, and macromolecular synthesis and breakdown are fundamental processes for cellular and organismal survival. In this Review, we explore the emerging data identifying metabolic dysregulation as an important theme in cardio-oncology. We discuss the growing recognition of metabolic reprogramming in cardiovascular disease and cancer and view the novel area of cardio-oncology through the lens of metabolism.
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Roh J, Cho H, Pak HK, Lee YS, Lee SW, Ryu JS, Chae EJ, Kim KW, Huh J, Choi YS, Jeong SH, Suh C, Yoon DH, Park CS. BCL2 super-expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a distinct subgroup associated with poor prognosis. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:480-488. [PMID: 34764434 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the BCL2 protein has been reported as a poor prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, there are currently no standardized criteria for evaluating BCL2 protein expression. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of BCL2 expression determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), incorporating both the staining intensity and proportion, in patients with de novo DLBCL who received rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) as first-line treatment. We defined tumors with BCL2 expression in nearly all tumor cells with a uniformly strong intensity by IHC as BCL2 super-expressor. The BCL2 super-expressors (n = 35) showed significantly worse event-free survival (EFS; HR, 1.903; 95% CI, 1.159-3.126, P = 0.011) and overall survival (OS; HR, 2.467; 95% CI, 1.474-4.127, P = 0.001) compared with the non-BCL2 super-expressors (n = 234) independent of the international prognostic index (IPI), cell of origin (COO), and double expressor status in the training set (n = 269). The adverse prognostic impact of BCL2 super-expression was confirmed in the validation set (n = 195). When the survival outcomes were evaluated in the entire cohort (n = 464), BCL2 super-expressor group was significantly associated with inferior EFS and OS regardless of IPI, COO, MYC expression, and stages. BCL2 super-expressors had genetic aberrations enriched in the NOTCH and TP53 signaling pathways. This study suggests that the BCL2 super-expressor characterizes a distinct subset of DLBCL with a poor prognosis and warrants further investigation as a target population for BCL-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Roh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Cho
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Pak
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sei Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Chae
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooryung Huh
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Cheolwon Suh
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Varela L, Garcia-Rendueles MER. Oncogenic Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063223. [PMID: 35328644 PMCID: PMC8952192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are two of the leading causes of premature death in modern societies. Their incidence continues to increase, and in the near future, it is believed that cancer will kill more than 20 million people per year, and neurodegenerative diseases, due to the aging of the world population, will double their prevalence. The onset and the progression of both diseases are defined by dysregulation of the same molecular signaling pathways. However, whereas in cancer, these alterations lead to cell survival and proliferation, neurodegenerative diseases trigger cell death and apoptosis. The study of the mechanisms underlying these opposite final responses to the same molecular trigger is key to providing a better understanding of the diseases and finding more accurate treatments. Here, we review the ten most common signaling pathways altered in cancer and analyze them in the context of different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's (HD) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, 310 Cedar St. BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: (L.V.); (M.E.R.G.-R.)
| | - Maria E. R. Garcia-Rendueles
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus Excelencia Internacional UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.V.); (M.E.R.G.-R.)
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Psaras AM, Chang KT, Hao T, Brooks TA. Targeted Downregulation of MYC through G-quadruplex Stabilization by DNAi. Molecules 2021; 26:5542. [PMID: 34577013 PMCID: PMC8464964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the expression or function of the enigmatic MYC protein has demonstrated efficacy in an array of cancer types and a marked potential therapeutic index and safety profile. Despite its high therapeutic value, specific and selective inhibitors or downregulating therapeutics have proven difficult to develop. In the current study, we expanded our work on a MYC promoter G-quadruplex (G4) stabilizing DNA clamp to develop an oligonucleotide interfering DNA (DNAi) therapeutic. We explored six DNAi for G4-stabilization through EMSA, DMS footprinting, and thermal stability studies, focusing on the DNAi 5T as the lead therapeutic. 5T, but not its scramble control 5Tscr, was then shown to enter the nucleus, modulate cell viability, and decrease MYC expression through G4-stabilization. DNAi 5T is thus described to be our lead DNAi, targeting MYC regulation through stabilization of the higher-order DNA G4 structure in the proximal promoter, and it is poised for further preclinical development as an anticancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maria Psaras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (A.M.P.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Katarina T. Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (A.M.P.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Taisen Hao
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Tracy A. Brooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (A.M.P.); (K.T.C.)
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
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Wang C, Zhang J, Yin J, Gan Y, Xu S, Gu Y, Huang W. Alternative approaches to target Myc for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:117. [PMID: 33692331 PMCID: PMC7946937 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myc proto-oncogene family consists of three members, C-MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, which encodes the transcription factor c-Myc (hereafter Myc), N-Myc, and L-Myc, respectively. Myc protein orchestrates diverse physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Myc modulates about 15% of the global transcriptome, and its deregulation rewires the cellular signaling modules inside tumor cells, thereby acquiring selective advantages. The deregulation of Myc occurs in >70% of human cancers, and is related to poor prognosis; hence, hyperactivated Myc oncoprotein has been proposed as an ideal drug target for decades. Nevertheless, no specific drug is currently available to directly target Myc, mainly because of its "undruggable" properties: lack of enzymatic pocket for conventional small molecules to bind; inaccessibility for antibody due to the predominant nucleus localization of Myc. Although the topic of targeting Myc has actively been reviewed in the past decades, exciting new progresses in this field keep emerging. In this review, after a comprehensive summarization of valuable sources for potential druggable targets of Myc-driven cancer, we also peer into the promising future of utilizing macropinocytosis to deliver peptides like Omomyc or antibody agents to intracellular compartment for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yichao Gan
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Senlin Xu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Wendong Huang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Wang C, Fang H, Zhang J, Gu Y. Targeting "undruggable" c-Myc protein by synthetic lethality. Front Med 2021; 15:541-550. [PMID: 33660217 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic lethal screening, which exploits the combination of mutations that result in cell death, is a promising method for identifying novel drug targets. This method provides a new avenue for targeting "undruggable" proteins, such as c-Myc. Here, we revisit current methods used to target c-Myc and discuss the important functional nodes related to c-Myc in non-oncogene addicted network, whose inhibition may cause a catastrophe for tumor cell destiny but not for normal cells. We further discuss strategies to identify these functional nodes in the context of synthetic lethality. We review the progress and shortcomings of this research field and look forward to opportunities offered by synthetic lethal screening to treat tumors potently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Division of Genome Medicine and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Division of Genome Medicine and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Ying Gu
- Division of Genome Medicine and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Sakamoto Y, Ishida T, Masaki A, Takeshita M, Iwasaki H, Yonekura K, Tashiro Y, Ito A, Kusumoto S, Utsunomiya A, Iida S, Ueda R, Inagaki H. Clinical significance of CD28 gene-related activating alterations in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:281-291. [PMID: 33205842 PMCID: PMC7894310 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple oncogenic events are involved in the development of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL). Because CD28 plays a pivotal role in T-cell activation, we focused on alterations of the CD28 gene in ATL. We found multiple genetic abnormalities related to CD28 among the 144 patients enrolled in the present study. These involved gene fusions with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 or the inducible T-cell co-stimulator in 14 patients (10%), CD28-activating mutations in 3 (2%), and CD28 copy number variations in 34 (24%). Patients with such CD28 gene alterations were significantly younger than those without. In patients not receiving allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, those with CD28 gene alterations tended to have a worse prognosis than those without. Finally, patients with chronic or smouldering ATL subtypes with CD28 gene alterations had a significantly worse prognosis than those without. These findings indicate that ATL, especially chronic or smouldering subtypes, have a more aggressive clinical course and are more refractory to conventional chemotherapies or mogamulizumab if they harbour CD28 gene alterations, likely because of continuous, prolonged, and enhanced CD28 activatory signalling. Novel treatment strategies to overcome the effects of these CD28 gene alterations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Masaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Morishige Takeshita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yonekura
- Department of Dermatology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yukie Tashiro
- Department of Pathology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Asahi Ito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kusumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Tumor Immunology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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12
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Huang S, Nong L, Wang W, Liang L, Zheng Y, Liu J, Li D, Li X, Zhang B, Li T. Prognostic impact of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with extra copies of MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6: comparison with double/triple hit lymphoma and double expressor lymphoma. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:81. [PMID: 31315646 PMCID: PMC6637540 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poor outcome of high-grade B-cell lymphoma, with rearrangements of MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6, also known as double-hit lymphoma or triple-hit lymphoma (DHL or THL), has been well documented, while the clinical significance of extra copies of MYC, BCL2 or BCL6 are still less well known. Methods In total, 130 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS) were included in our study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed in all cases to evaluate the genetic status and protein expression levels of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6. Results Among the 130 cases of DLBCL, the prevalence rates of extra copies of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 were 10.8, 20.0 and 14.6%, respectively, and the corresponding rates of gene rearrangement were 10.0, 14.6 and 16.9%, respectively. In total, 7.7% (10/130) of patients were DHL/THL; 9.2% (12/130) of patients were DLBCL with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 gene abnormalities including rearrangements or extra copies, while excluded DHL/THL. The positive protein expression rates of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 were 46.9% (61), 75.4% (98) and 70.0% (91), respectively. Among the 51 cases with MYC/BCL2 co-expression, 14 cases showed concurrence of MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 genetic abnormalities, and the remaining 37 cases were classified as double-expressor lymphoma (DEL). MYC and BCL2 rearrangement and BCL2 extra copies were all associated with upregulated protein expression. Cases with concurrence of MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 genetic abnormalities were both associated with MYC/BCL2 co-expression. Patients with concurrence of MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 genetic abnormalities excluded DHL/THL had shorter OS (P < 0.001) than patients with DLBCL with no genetic change, and showed no statistical different with patients with DHL/THL (P = 0.419). Extra copies of MYC was independent prognostic factors for DLBCL. Conclusions Patients with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 gene extra copies might show a trend towards poor prognosis, and the detection of extra copies of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 might deserve more attention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13000-019-0856-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixia Huang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lin Nong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yalin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jumei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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13
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Richardson AI, Zhang D, Woodroof J, Cui W. p53 expression in large B-cell lymphomas with MYC extra copies and CD99 expression in large B-cell lymphomas in relation to MYC status. Hum Pathol 2019; 86:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Ren C, Yu H, Fang W, Zhang N, Gao S, Hou Q. Correlation Between C-MYC, BCL-2, and BCL-6 Protein Expression and Gene Translocation as Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1497. [PMID: 30666200 PMCID: PMC6330311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the protein expression of C-MYC, BCL-2, and BCL-6 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their relationship with genetic abnormalities. A retrospective study of 42 cases on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens diagnosed with DLBCL was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The expression of C-MYC, BCL-2, BCL-6 protein, and gene abnormalities in these tissue samples was analyzed. The relationship in genetic abnormalities and Ki-67, Hans classification, gender, and age was also evaluated. It was found that the positive rate of C-MYC expression was 47.6% (20/42), the rate of C-MYC gene abnormality was 26.2% (11/42), in which gene translocation accounted for 23.8% (10/42) and gene amplification 2.4% (1/42); C-MYC protein expression was positively correlated with C-MYC gene translocation (χ2 = 11.813; P = 0.001); C-MYC gene translocation was mainly found in germinal center B cell type (χ2 = 4.029; P = 0.045). The positive rate of BCL-2 protein expression was 85.71% (36/42), the positive rate of translocation was 42.86% (18/42) and the amplification rate was 26.19% (11/42); the overexpression of BCL-2 protein was correlated with the BCL-2 translocation (χ2 = 3.407; P = 0.029). The positive rate of BCL-6 protein expression was 45.24% (19/42), the positive rate of BCL-6 translocation was 14.29% (6/42) and the positive rate of BCL-6 amplification was 7.14% (3/42); the overexpression of BCL-6 protein was significantly correlated with BCL-6 translocation (χ2 = 6.091; P = 0.014). The Ki-67 index was significantly higher in C-MYC translocation cases than in non-C-MYC translocation cases (χ2 = 4.492; P = 0.034). Taken together, our results suggest that the protein expression of C-MYC, BCL-2, and BCL-6 are positively correlated with their gene translocation. Overexpression of C-MYC, BCL-2, BCL-6 protein suggests the possibility of translocation. Therefore, immunohistochemical detection of C-MYC, BCL-2, and BCL-6 are useful in diagnosis and prognosis of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunXiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Cuiai Ren
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Pathology, Werfang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Wenjia Fang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Sumei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
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15
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Quesada AE, Medeiros LJ, Desai PA, Lin P, Westin JR, Hawsawi HM, Wei P, Tang G, Seegmiller AC, Reddy NM, Yin CC, Wang W, Xu J, Miranda RN, Zuo Z, Li S. Increased MYC copy number is an independent prognostic factor in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1688-1697. [PMID: 28776574 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with double-hit or triple-hit lymphoma have a significantly worse prognosis compared to patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without MYC rearrangement. However, the prognostic importance of extra copies of MYC, BCL2, or BCL6 has not been fully explored. We studied 663 patients with de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in whom the status of MYC/8q24, BCL2/18q21, and BCL6/3q27 were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cases of double or triple extra copy lymphoma were defined by the presence of increased MYC copies and increased BCL2 and/or BCL6 copies or rearrangement. In total, 76 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma had MYC extra copies including 43 cases of double or triple extra copy lymphoma; 105 patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with MYC-R including 56 double- or triple-hit lymphoma; and 482 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients had no MYC abnormality (MYC normal). Patients with MYC extra copies, similar to MYC-R, had a worse overall survival compared with MYC normal patients (both P<0.01). The prognosis between patients with MYC extra copies and MYC-R was not statistically significantly different (P=0.086). Cell-of-origin classification failed to correlate with survival in the MYC extra copies group, similar to the MYC-R patient group. Compared with patients with double- or triple-hit lymphoma, patients with double or triple extra copy lymphoma had a higher complete remission rate (P=0.02), but there was no significant statistical difference in overall survival (P=0.089). Intensive induction chemotherapy regimens improved the overall survival of patients with double or triple extra copy lymphoma, but there was no significant improvement of overall survival in patients with MYC-R tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that MYC extra copy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an independent poor prognostic factor, similar to MYC rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés E Quesada
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Parth A Desai
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason R Westin
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huda M Hawsawi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam C Seegmiller
- Division of Hematopathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nishitha M Reddy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhuang Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Raess PW, Moore SR, Cascio MJ, Dunlap J, Fan G, Gatter K, Olson SB, Braziel RM. MYC immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis are required for identification of clinically relevant aggressive B cell lymphoma subtypes. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1391-1398. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1370547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W. Raess
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stephen R. Moore
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael J. Cascio
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer Dunlap
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Guang Fan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ken Gatter
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan B. Olson
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rita M. Braziel
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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17
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Zou D, Yi S, Cui R, Liu W, Li C, Zhong S, Yu Z, Li Z, Lv R, Ru K, Wang H, An G, Xu Y, Qiu L. BCL-2 and MYC gain/amplification is correlated with central nervous system involvement in diffuse large B cell lymphoma at leukemic phase. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:16. [PMID: 28209136 PMCID: PMC5314628 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of leukemic phase is a rare clinical manifestation, but is highly prevalent with central nervous system involvement (CNSI). Little is known about this rare clinical observation. Methods We reviewed the clinical characteristics of 40 DLBCL patients with leukemic phase identified by flow cytometry and analyzed BCL2 and MYC aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results The median age of these 40 patients was 46 years (range, 15–75) with 19 men patients. All patients had bone marrow involvement, and fourteen (35.0%) had CNSI. There were respectively 14 patients (35.0%) had the BCL2 or MYC gain/amplification and nine of them (22.5%) simultaneously had both aberrations. Compared to those without CNSI, CNSI was found more commonly in male patients (71.4 vs. 34.6%, p = 0.046), in those with IPI scores of 4–5 (57.1% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001), and in those with elevated serum LDH (100 vs. 61.5%, p = 0.007) and both MYC and BCL2 rearrangement (88.9 vs. 19.4%; p = 0.000). BCL2 and MYC rearrangements were the sole independent factor correlated with CNSI. Conclusion It is possible that both BCL2 and MYC gene aberrations may contribute to the high incidence of CNSI observed in leukemic phase of patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shuhua Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Rui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shizhen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Rui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Kun Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing road, Heping district, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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18
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Landsburg DJ, Falkiewicz MK, Petrich AM, Chu BA, Behdad A, Li S, Medeiros LJ, Cassaday RD, Reddy NM, Bast MA, Vose JM, Kruczek KR, Smith SE, Patel P, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F, Karmali R, Rajguru S, Yang DT, Maly JJ, Blum KA, Zhao W, Vanslambrouck C, Nabhan C. Sole rearrangement but not amplification of MYC is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and B cell lymphoma unclassifiable. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:631-640. [PMID: 27469075 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangement of MYC is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and B cell lymphoma unclassifiable (BCLU), particularly in the setting of double hit lymphoma (DHL). However, little is known about outcomes of patients who demonstrate MYC rearrangement without evidence of BCL2 or BCL6 rearrangement (single hit) or amplification (>4 copies) of MYC. We identified 87 patients with single hit lymphoma (SHL), 22 patients with MYC-amplified lymphoma (MYC amp) as well as 127 DLBCL patients without MYC rearrangement or amplification (MYC normal) and 45 patients with DHL, all treated with either R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) or intensive induction therapy. For SHL and MYC amp patients, the 2-year progression-free survival rate (PFS) was 49% and 48% and 2-year overall survival rate (OS) was 59% and 71%, respectively. SHL patients receiving intensive induction experienced higher 2-year PFS (59% vs. 23%, P = 0·006) but similar 2-year OS as compared with SHL patients receiving R-CHOP. SHL DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP, but not intensive induction, experienced significantly lower 2-year PFS and OS (P < 0·001 for both) when compared with MYC normal patients. SHL patients appear to have a poor prognosis, which may be improved with receipt of intensive induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Landsburg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam M Petrich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,AbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin A Chu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amir Behdad
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan D Cassaday
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nishitha M Reddy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin A Bast
- Lymphoma Study Group, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Julie M Vose
- Division of Oncology & Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kimberly R Kruczek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott E Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Priyank Patel
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Reem Karmali
- Rush University Cancer Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saurabh Rajguru
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David T Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joseph J Maly
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristie A Blum
- Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Chadi Nabhan
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Lu TX, Fan L, Wang L, Wu JZ, Miao KR, Liang JH, Gong QX, Wang Z, Young KH, Xu W, Zhang ZH, Li JY. MYC or BCL2 copy number aberration is a strong predictor of outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18374-88. [PMID: 26158410 PMCID: PMC4621897 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Patients with DLBCL harboring MYC aberrations concurrent with BCL2 or/and BCL6 aberrations constitute a specific group with extremely poor outcome. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the incidence and prognosis of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 aberrations with DLBCL patients in Chinese population. We applied fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis in 246 DLBCL patients. The results showed that patients with MYC or BCL2 copy number aberration (CNA) had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than negative cases (P < 0.0001). Patients with both MYC and BCL2 CNA had similar outcomes to those with classic double hit lymphoma or protein double expression lymphoma (MYC and BCL2/BCL6 coexpression). By multivariate analysis, MYC CNA, BCL2 CNA and double CNA were the independent worse prognostic factors. In conclusions, patients with MYC or BCL2 CNA constituted a unique group with extremely poor outcome and may require more aggressive treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Xun Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Zhu Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Kou-Rong Miao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Xing Gong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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21
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Yi S, Zou D, Li C, Zhong S, Chen W, Li Z, Xiong W, Liu W, Liu E, Cui R, Ru K, Zhang P, Xu Y, An G, Lv R, Qi J, Wang J, Cheng T, Qiu L. High incidence of MYC and BCL2 abnormalities in mantle cell lymphoma, although only MYC abnormality predicts poor survival. Oncotarget 2015; 6:42362-71. [PMID: 26517511 PMCID: PMC4747232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prognostic role of MYC and BCL2 rearrangements in mature B-cell lymphomas have been extensively studied, except the infrequent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we analyzed the MYC and BCL2 abnormalities and other cytogenetic aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 50 MCL patients with bone marrow involvement. Eighteen patients (36.0%) had MYC gains and/or amplifications, and twelve patients (24.0%) had BCL2 gains and/or amplifications. Among the 18 patients with MYC abnormality, four had simultaneous MYC translocations, but no BCL2 translocation was detected among patients with BCL2 abnormality. Only two patients (4.0%) had both MYC and BCL2 abnormalities. The patients with a MYC abnormality had a significantly higher tumor burden, a higher percentage of medium/high risk MIPI group and genomic instability compared to those without this abnormality. However, no significant difference was observed between patients with or without a BCL2 abnormality in terms of clinical and cytogenetic factors. Patients with a MYC abnormality had poorer progress-free survival (PFS) (9.0 vs. 48.0 months, p = .000) and overall survival (OS) (12.0 vs. 94.5 months, p = .000), but the presence of a BCL2 abnormality did not significantly influence either PFS or OS. In multivariate analysis, the MYC abnormality was the independent adverse factor for both PFS and OS, and intensive chemotherapy did not improve the outcome of these patients. Thus, the presence of a MYC but not BCL2 abnormality predicted the poor survival of MCL patients, and a new treatment strategy should be developed for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Dehui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Enbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Peihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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22
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Choe JY, Yun JY, Na HY, Huh J, Shin SJ, Kim HJ, Paik JH, Kim YA, Nam SJ, Jeon YK, Park G, Kim JE. MYC overexpression correlates with MYC amplification or translocation, and is associated with poor prognosis in mantle cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2015; 68:442-9. [PMID: 26100211 DOI: 10.1111/his.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate MYC expression and chromosomal aberration in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and the clinical significance of these factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-five patients with MCL, including 54 classic, nine blastoid and two pleomorphic variants, were enrolled. Expression of MYC, Ki67 and p53 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. MYC amplification or translocation was examined by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. MYC expression was higher in blastoid/pleomorphic MCL variants (mean, 19.0%) than in classic MCL (mean, 1.9%; P < 0.001). Expression of p53 and Ki67 was also significantly higher in these variants. MYC amplification was found in two of 53 cases tested, both of which were blastoid variants with high MYC expression (29.7% and 20.4%). MYC translocation was found in two of 52 cases tested, both of which were pleomorphic variants with remarkably high MYC expression (68.5% and 71.0%). High MYC or p53 expression was significantly associated with shortened overall survival and progression-free survival in univariable and multivariable analyses (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MYC overexpression is a negative predictor of MCL patient outcomes. MYC gene amplification or translocation might be related to the pathogenesis of MCL, particularly in blastoid/pleomorphic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Yun
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooryung Huh
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Paik
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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23
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B-cell lymphomas with concurrent MYC and BCL2 abnormalities other than translocations behave similarly to MYC/BCL2 double-hit lymphomas. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:208-17. [PMID: 25103070 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large B-cell lymphomas with IGH@BCL2 and MYC rearrangement, known as double-hit lymphoma (DHL), are clinically aggressive neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Some large B-cell lymphomas have concurrent abnormalities of MYC and BCL2 other than coexistent translocations. Little is known about patients with these lymphomas designated here as atypical DHL. We studied 40 patients of atypical DHL including 21 men and 19 women, with a median age of 60 years. Nine (23%) patients had a history of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There were 30 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 7 B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma, and 3 DLBCL with coexistent follicular lymphoma. CD10, BCL2, and MYC were expressed in 28/39 (72%), 33/35 (94%), and 14/20 (70%) cases, respectively. Patients were treated with standard (n=14) or more aggressive chemotherapy regimens (n=17). We compared the atypical DHL group with 76 patients with DHLand 35 patients with DLBCL lacking MYC and BCL2 abnormalities. The clinicopathologic features and therapies were similar between patients with atypical and typical DHL. The overall survival of patients with atypical double-hit lymphoma was similar to that of patients with double-hit lymphoma (P=0.47) and significantly worse than that of patients with DLBCL with normal MYC and BCL2 (P=0.02). There were some minor differences. Cases of atypical double-hit lymphoma more often have DLBCL morphology (P<0.01), less frequently expressed CD10 (P<0.01), and patients less often had an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P=0.01). In aggregate, these results support expanding the category of MYC/BCL2 DHL to include large B-cell lymphomas with coexistent MYC and BCL2 abnormalities other than concurrent translocations.
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24
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O'Malley DP, Auerbach A, Weiss LM. Practical Applications in Immunohistochemistry: Evaluation of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Related Large B-Cell Lymphomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1094-107. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0451-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most commonly diagnosed subtype of lymphoma worldwide. The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification includes several subtypes, based on a combination of clinical, immunohistochemical, and genetic differences. Immunohistochemical staining is essential in evaluating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and many related large B-cell lymphomas and aggressive B-cell lymphomas.
Objective
To address different immunohistochemical features used for identification, subclassification, prognosis and in some cases, therapy, of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and related lymphomas.
Data Sources
The information outlined in this review article is based on our experiences with routine cases, on the current WHO classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors, and on a review of English-language articles published throughout 2014.
Conclusions
Features and diagnostic criteria of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, aggressive variants of B-cell lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma and “double-hit” lymphomas, are discussed. Identification of cell of origin (germinal center type versus activated B-cell type) is discussed at length. Finally, practical approaches for diagnosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lawrence M. Weiss
- From Clarient Diagnostic Services, Aliso Viejo, California (Drs O'Malley and Weiss); and Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Dr Auerbach)
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25
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Petrich AM, Nabhan C, Smith SM. MYC-associated and double-hit lymphomas: A review of pathobiology, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches. Cancer 2014; 120:3884-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Petrich
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
| | - Chadi Nabhan
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
| | - Sonali M. Smith
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
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26
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Bellone M, Zaslav AL, Ahmed T, Lee HL, Ma Y, Hu Y. IGH amplification in patients with B cell lymphoma unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. Biomark Res 2014; 2:9. [PMID: 24891940 PMCID: PMC4041348 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) (B-UNC/BL/DLBCL) is a new category of tumors that have features resembling both DLBCL and BL. These tumors have large and medium sized cells with greater irregularity of nuclei and more prominent nucleoli than BL. Approximately 35% to 50% have C-MYC rearrangements, although half are non-immunoglobulin variants. We identified six cases of B-UNC/BL/DLBCL with low-level IGH amplification. Four patients died with a median survival of 7 months (range, 6–20). In conclusion, to our knowledge low-level IGH amplification has not been previously described and should be evaluated for in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bellone
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ann-Leslie Zaslav
- Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Tahmeena Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Htien L Lee
- Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yupo Ma
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Youjun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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27
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C-MYC aberrations as prognostic factors in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95020. [PMID: 24740248 PMCID: PMC3989276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Various studies have investigated the prognostic value of C-MYC aberrations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the role of C-MYC as an independent prognostic factor in clinical practice remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to clarify the clinical significance of C-MYC aberrations in DLBCL patients. Methods The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were calculated as the main effect size estimates. The procedure was conducted according to the Cochrane handbook and PRISMA guidelines, including the use of a heterogeneity test, publication bias assessment, and meta-regression, as well as subgroup analyses. Results Twenty-four eligible studies enrolling 4662 patients were included in this meta-analysis. According to the nature of C-MYC aberrations (gene, protein, and mRNA), studies were divided into several subgroups. For DLBCL patients with C-MYC gene abnormalities, the combined HR was 2.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.89 to 2.61) for OS and 2.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 2.90) for EFS, compared to patients without C-MYC gene abnormalities. For DLBCL patients with overexpression of C-MYC protein and C-MYC mRNA, pooled HRs for OS were 2.13 and 1.62, respectively. C-MYC aberrations appeared to play an independent role among other well-known prognostic factors in DLBCL. Addition of rituximab could not overcome the inferior prognosis conferred by C-MYC. Conclusion The present systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the prognostic value of C-MYC aberrations. Screening of C-MYC should have definite prognostic meaning for DLBCL stratification, thus guaranteeing a more tailored therapy.
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28
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Valera A, López-Guillermo A, Cardesa-Salzmann T, Climent F, González-Barca E, Mercadal S, Espinosa I, Novelli S, Briones J, Mate JL, Salamero O, Sancho JM, Arenillas L, Serrano S, Erill N, Martínez D, Castillo P, Rovira J, Martínez A, Campo E, Colomo L. MYC protein expression and genetic alterations have prognostic impact in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with immunochemotherapy. Haematologica 2013; 98:1554-62. [PMID: 23716551 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.086173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC alterations influence the survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Most studies have focused on MYC translocations but there is little information regarding the impact of numerical alterations and protein expression. We analyzed the genetic alterations and protein expression of MYC, BCL2, BCL6, and MALT1 in 219 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. MYC rearrangement occurred as the sole abnormality (MYC single-hit) in 3% of cases, MYC and concurrent BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (MYC double/triple-hit) in 4%, MYC amplifications in 2% and MYC gains in 19%. MYC single-hit, MYC double/triple-hit and MYC amplifications, but not MYC gains or other gene rearrangements, were associated with unfavorable progression-free survival and overall survival. MYC protein expression, evaluated using computerized image analysis, captured the unfavorable prognosis of MYC translocations/amplifications and identified an additional subset of patients without gene alterations but with similar poor prognosis. Patients with tumors expressing both MYC/BCL2 had the worst prognosis, whereas those with double-negative tumors had the best outcome. High MYC expression was associated with shorter overall survival irrespectively of the International Prognostic Index and BCL2 expression. In conclusion, MYC protein expression identifies a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with very poor prognosis independently of gene alterations and other prognostic parameters.
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29
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MYC, a downstream target of BRD-NUT, is necessary and sufficient for the blockade of differentiation in NUT midline carcinoma. Oncogene 2013; 33:1736-1742. [PMID: 23604113 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is an aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma that is defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion oncogenes, which encode chimeric proteins that block differentiation and maintain tumor growth. BRD-NUT oncoproteins contain two bromodomains whose binding to acetylated histones is required for the blockade of differentiation in NMC, but the mechanisms by which BRD-NUT act remain uncertain. Here, we provide evidence that MYC is a key downstream target of BRD4-NUT. Expression profiling of NMCs shows that the set of genes whose expression is maintained by BRD4-NUT is highly enriched for MYC upregulated genes, and MYC and BRD4-NUT protein expression is strongly correlated in primary NMCs. More directly, we find that BRD4-NUT associates with the MYC promoter and is required to maintain MYC expression in NMC cell lines. Moreover, both siRNA knockdown of MYC and a dominant-negative form of MYC, omomyc, induce differentiation of NMC cells. Conversely, differentiation of NMC cells induced by knockdown of BRD4-NUT is abrogated by enforced expression of MYC. Together, these findings suggest that MYC is a downstream target of BRD4-NUT that is required for maintenance of NMC cells in an undifferentiated, proliferative state. Our findings support a model in which dysregulation of MYC by BRD-NUT fusion proteins has a central role in the pathogenesis of NMC.
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30
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Perry AM, Crockett D, Dave BJ, Althof P, Winkler L, Smith LM, Aoun P, Chan WC, Fu K, Greiner TC, Bierman P, Gregory Bociek R, Vose JM, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD. B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and burkitt lymphoma: study of 39 cases. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:40-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Crockett
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Bhavana J. Dave
- Human Genetics Laboratory; Munroe-Meyer Institute; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Pamela Althof
- Human Genetics Laboratory; Munroe-Meyer Institute; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Lisa Winkler
- Human Genetics Laboratory; Munroe-Meyer Institute; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Patricia Aoun
- Department of Pathology; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte; CA; USA
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Timothy C. Greiner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Phillip Bierman
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Robert Gregory Bociek
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - James O. Armitage
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; NE; USA
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31
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Durot E, Patey M, Luquet I, Gaillard B, Kolb B, Delmer A. An aggressive B-cell lymphoma with rearrangements of MYC and CCND1 genes: a rare subtype of double-hit lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:649-52. [PMID: 22784333 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.710329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
MESH Headings
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Cyclin D1/genetics
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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32
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Royo C, Salaverria I, Hartmann EM, Rosenwald A, Campo E, Beà S. The complex landscape of genetic alterations in mantle cell lymphoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2011; 21:322-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Thomas DA, O'Brien S, Faderl S, Manning JT, Romaguera J, Fayad L, Hagemeister F, Medeiros J, Cortes J, Kantarjian H. Burkitt lymphoma and atypical Burkitt or Burkitt-like lymphoma: should these be treated as different diseases? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2011; 6:58-66. [PMID: 21191675 PMCID: PMC4394740 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-010-0076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course. Since the advent of short, intensive, multiagent chemoimmunotherapy regimens, it has carried a favorable prognosis. BL has been rather well characterized, whereas the other lymphomas morphologically resembling it are more heterogeneous. The cases classified as atypical BL/Burkitt-like lymphoma by the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue were thought to represent a continuum between BL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The optimal therapeutic strategy for this provisional entity was not definitively established. However, recent incorporation of molecular genetic data into the 2008 WHO Classification has allowed further refinements with significant therapeutic implications, including the designation of a new provisional entity, "B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between BL and DLBCL." This review presents a comprehensive overview of the previously designated provisional entity of atypical BL/BLL in conjunction with a detailed comparison with BL and DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Thomas
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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34
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Lobetti-Bodoni C, Bernocco E, Genuardi E, Boccadoro M, Ladetto M. Telomeres and telomerase in normal and malignant B-cells. Hematol Oncol 2011; 28:157-67. [PMID: 20213664 DOI: 10.1002/hon.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The telomeric checkpoint is emerging as a critical sensor of cellular damage, playing a major role in human aging and cancer development. In the meantime, telomere biology is rapidly evolving from a basic discipline to a translational branch, capable of providing major hints for biomarker development, risk assessment and targeted treatment of cancer. These advances have a number of implications in the biology of lymphoid tumours. Moreover, there is considerable interest in the potential role of telomeric dysfunction in the wide array of immunological abnormalities, grouped under the definition of 'immunosenescence'. This review will summarize the impact of recent advances in telomere biology on the physiology and pathology of the B lymphocyte, with special interest in immunosenescence and lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lobetti-Bodoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Italy
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Kobayashi H, Ichikawa M, Hangaishi A, Imai Y, Kurokawa M. Concurrent development of "Burkitt-like" lymphoma and BCL-2-rearranged low-grade B cell lymphoma sharing the same germinal center origin. Int J Hematol 2010; 93:112-7. [PMID: 21184290 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
B cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a new entity in WHO classification 2008, and includes Burkitt-like transformation of follicular lymphoma (FL). However, the pathological significance of BCL-2/IgH translocation, which is characteristic in FL, in newly diagnosed cases of this disease is not well understood. We report a patient who developed B cell lymphoma with BL-like morphology on the shoulder, whose bone marrow was involved with FL-like cells. BL-like tumor cells harbored amplified c-MYC genes with BCL-2/IgH translocation, but FL-like cells solely had BCL-2/IgH translocation. The sequence analysis of the IgH gene revealed both of cells originated from the same clone, showing that the aggressive BL-like tumor originated from the FL-like clones simultaneously found in the bone marrow. This case suggests that the IgH/BCL-2 translocation found in newly diagnosed Burkitt-like lymphoma indicates a history of FL-like indolent lymphoma, even if such history is not documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Rodig SJ, Kutok JL, Paterson JC, Nitta H, Zhang W, Chapuy B, Tumwine LK, Montes-Moreno S, Agostinelli C, Johnson NA, Ben-Neriah S, Farinha P, Shipp MA, Piris MA, Grogan TM, Pileri SA, Gascoyne RD, Marafioti T. The pre-B-cell receptor associated protein VpreB3 is a useful diagnostic marker for identifying c-MYC translocated lymphomas. Haematologica 2010; 95:2056-62. [PMID: 20823132 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.025767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During B-cell development, precursor B cells transiently express the pre-B-cell receptor composed of μ heavy chain complexed with VpreB and λ5 surrogate light chain polypeptides. Recent profiling studies unexpectedly revealed abundant transcripts of one member of the VpreB family, VpreB3, in a subset of mature B cells and Burkitt lymphoma. DESIGN AND METHODS Here we used a novel antibody to investigate the normal expression pattern of VpreB3 protein in human hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, and to determine whether VpreB3 could serve as a useful diagnostic biomarker for select B-cell lymphomas. RESULTS We found that VpreB3 protein is normally expressed by precursor B cells in bone marrow and by a subset of normal germinal center B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Among lymphoid malignancies, we found an association between VpreB3 expression and B-cell tumors with c-MYC abnormalities. VpreB3 was highly expressed in all cases of Burkitt lymphoma, whether of endemic or sporadic origin (44/44 cases, 100%), all cases of B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (5/5 cases, 100%), and the majority of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas harboring a c-MYC translocation (15/18 cases, 83%). The expression of VpreB3 in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas without a c-MYC translocation was associated with c-MYC polysomy in 25/75 cases (33%) but only rarely observed in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas lacking a c-MYC abnormality (9/98 cases, 9%). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that for B-cell tumors with features suggesting a possible c-MYC translocation, such as intermediate to large cell size and high proliferation rate, the presence of VpreB3 should prompt subsequent confirmatory genetic testing, whereas the absence of VpreB3 is virtually always associated with wild-type c-MYC alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma NOS Show Distinct Chromosomal Alterations and Differential Expression of Chemokine Receptors and Apoptosis Regulators. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:563-75. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Quintanilla-Martinez L, de Jong D, de Mascarel A, Hsi ED, Kluin P, Natkunam Y, Parrens M, Pileri S, Ott G. Gray zones around diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Conclusions based on the workshop of the XIV meeting of the European Association for Hematopathology and the Society of Hematopathology in Bordeaux, France. J Hematop 2009; 2:211-36. [PMID: 20309430 PMCID: PMC2798939 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-009-0053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "gray-zone" lymphoma has been used to denote a group of lymphomas with overlapping histological, biological, and clinical features between various types of lymphomas. It has been used in the context of Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), including classical HL (CHL), and primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma, cases with overlapping features between nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma, CHL, and Epstein-Barr-virus-positive lymphoproliferative disorders, and peripheral T cell lymphomas simulating CHL. A second group of gray-zone lymphomas includes B cell NHL with intermediate features between diffuse large B cell lymphoma and classical Burkitt lymphoma. In order to review controversial issues in gray-zone lymphomas, a joint Workshop of the European Association for Hematopathology and the Society for Hematopathology was held in Bordeaux, France, in September 2008. The panel members reviewed and discussed 145 submitted cases and reached consensus diagnoses. This Workshop summary is focused on the most controversial aspects of gray-zone lymphomas and describes the panel's proposals regarding diagnostic criteria, terminology, and new prognostic and diagnostic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daphne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine de Mascarel
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hospital Haut-Lévêque, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric D. Hsi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Philip Kluin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yaso Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Marie Parrens
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hospital Haut-Lévêque, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefano Pileri
- Hematopathology Section, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
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Understanding and Targeting the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E in Head and Neck Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2009; 2009:981679. [PMID: 20049173 PMCID: PMC2798714 DOI: 10.1155/2009/981679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is elevated in about 30% of human malignancies including HNSCC where its levels correlate with poor prognosis. Here, we discuss the biochemical and molecular underpinnings of the oncogenic potential of eIF4E. Studies in human leukemia specimens, and later in a mouse model of prostate cancer, strongly suggest that cells with elevated eIF4E develop an oncogene dependency to it, making them more sensitive to targeting eIF4E than normal cells. We describe several strategies that have been suggested for eIF4E targeting in the clinic: the use of a small molecule antagonist of eIF4E (ribavirin), siRNA or antisense oligonucleotide strategies, suicide gene therapy, and the use of a tissue-targeting 4EBP fusion peptide. The first clinical trial targeting eIF4E indicates that ribavirin effectively targets eIF4E in poor prognosis leukemia patients and more importantly leads to striking clinical responses including complete and partial remissions. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these findings to HNSCC.
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Alseraye F, Padmore R, Wozniak M, McGowan-Jordan J. MYC gene amplification in double minute chromosomes in an aggressive large B-cell lymphoma with leukemic presentation: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 192:76-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Translocations involving 8q24 in Burkitt lymphoma and other malignant lymphomas: a historical review of cytogenetics in the light of todays knowledge. Leukemia 2008; 23:225-34. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Holm N, Byrnes K, Johnson L, Abreo F, Sehon K, Alley J, Meschonat C, Md QC, Li BDL. A prospective trial on initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) overexpression and cancer recurrence in node-negative breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15:3207-15. [PMID: 18719964 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a crucial role in translation control. High eIF4E increase in tumor specimens independently predicted recurrence by multivariate analysis. This prospective trial of node-negative only breast cancer patients was initiated to test the hypothesis that high eIF4E increase predicts cancer recurrence and death, independent of nodal status. METHODS The trial was powered to detect a 2.4-fold increase in relative risk for cancer recurrence in 240 node-negative patients on the basis of high versus low eIF4E increase in tumor specimens (type I error = .05, statistical power = .08). eIF4E level was quantified by using Western blot test. Treatment and surveillance regimens were standardized. Primary endpoints were cancer recurrence and cancer-related death. RESULTS Of the 242 patients accrued, 112 were in the low eIF4E group (<7.5-fold), 82 were in the intermediate eIF4E group (7.5- to 15-fold), and 48 were in the high eIF4E group (>15-fold). Patients in the high eIF4E group had a statistically significant higher rate of cancer recurrence and cancer-related death (P = .0001 and P < or = .0001, log rank test). The relative risk for cancer recurrence was 2.2-fold higher in the high eIF4E group (P = .001, Cox model), and 3.7-fold higher for cancer-related death (P = .0009). CONCLUSIONS In node-negative breast cancer, high eIF4E increase predicted a higher rate of cancer recurrence and death. High eIF4E patients had a >2-fold increase in relative risk for cancer recurrence and nearly a 4-fold increase in relative risk for death. This supports our hypothesis that high eIF4E is an independent predictor for breast cancer outcome independent of nodal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Holm
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Thumma SC, Kratzke RA. Translational control: a target for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2007; 258:1-8. [PMID: 17923280 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cap-mediated translation is the default mechanism for the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Increasingly, malignant cells have been found to have deregulation of this process. Return of normal translational control is associated with loss of tumorigenic potential in pre-clinical models. Currently, a variety of novel therapeutics are in development targeting this mechanism as a treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha C Thumma
- The Division of Hematology-Oncology-Transplant, Department of Medicine, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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