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Nejati R, Amador C, Czader M, Thacker E, Thakkar D, Dave SS, Dogan A, Duffield A, Goodlad JR, Ott G, Wasik MA, Xiao W, Cook JR. Progression of Hodgkin lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasms: Report from the 2021 SH/EAHP Workshop. Am J Clin Pathol 2023:7135990. [PMID: 37085150 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize cases submitted to the 2021 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop under the categories of progression of Hodgkin lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasma cell myeloma. METHODS The workshop panel reviewed 20 cases covered in this session. In addition, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome RNA expression analysis were performed on 10 submitted cases, including 6 Hodgkin lymphoma and 4 plasma neoplasm cases. RESULTS The cases of Hodgkin lymphoma included transformed cases to or from various types of B-cell lymphoma with 1 exception, which had T-cell differentiation. The cases of plasma cell neoplasms included cases with plasmablastic progression, progression to plasma cell leukemia, and secondary B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Gene variants identified by WES included some known to be recurrent in Hodgkin lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasm. All submitted Hodgkin lymphoma samples showed 1 or more of these mutations: SOCS1, FGFR2, KMT2D, RIT1, SPEN, STAT6, TET2, TNFAIP3, and ZNF217. CONCLUSIONS Better molecular characterization of both of these neoplasms and mechanisms of progression will help us to better understand mechanisms of progression and perhaps develop better prognostic models, as well as identifying novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Devang Thakkar
- Department of Medcine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sandeep S Dave
- Department of Medcine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Duffield
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R Goodlad
- Department of Pathology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Department of Medcine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James R Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhang Q, Kim DH, Xu Y, Wang W, Medeiros LJ. Clinicopathological features of syncytial variant nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2021; 119:105-113. [PMID: 34801601 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The syncytial variant of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma (SV-NSHL) is uncommon, and its clinicopathological features have not been well analyzed. In this study, we collected 142 cases of SV-NSHL. There were 76 (53.5%) males and 66 (46.5%) females with a median age of 28 years (range, 12-78); 59.9% were younger than 30 years. Patients usually presented with a mediastinal mass (97.6%) and often with bulky (35.7%) and advanced stage disease (3 or 4) (39.7%). Follow-up showed that 61.1% of patients developed relapse after standard therapy. Morphologically, the neoplasms were composed of sheets or large clusters of pleomorphic neoplastic cells with a cohesive appearance that were frequently associated with necrosis. Neutrophils and eosinophils were frequent in the background, whereas small lymphocytes were decreased. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the following markers were frequently positive: CD30 (100%), MUM1/IRF4 (96%), PAX5 (95%), PD-L1 (91%), and CD15 (80%). CD45 was negative in all cases. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) was detected in 19% of cases. In this cohort, age above 30 years (P = .0430), presence of B-type symptoms (P = .0394), elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P = .0004), and disease relapse (P = .0108) were associated with a poorer overall survival. In contrast, patients with EBER-positive neoplasms had a better survival (P = .0418). Compared with a control group of non-SV-NSHL patients, patients with SV-NSHL were associated with a poorer overall survival (P = .011). These data suggest that SV morphology is associated with a poorer prognosis in patients treated with traditional standard-of-care therapy for classic Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yangwei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Salyana MA, Khan S, Zhang X. ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, null type with aberrant expression of PAX5 and CD138: A diagnostic pitfall. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 49:E395-E399. [PMID: 34190415 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A 72-year-old man was found to have generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase. Fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy of a cervical lymph node revealed a large lymphoid cell proliferation with features suggestive of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). However, immunophenotypically, the neoplastic cells expressed PAX5 and CD138 in addition to CD30, CD45, MUM-1 and were negative for T-cell markers, B-cell markers, CD15, ALK-1, HHV-8, EBER, kappa, lambda, and pancytokeratin. The ambiguous phenotype triggered further workup. Subsequent molecular studies demonstrated T-cell receptor gene rearrangement and lack of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of ALK-negative ALCL, null type with aberrant expression of PAX5 and CD138, was rendered. The patient received palliative care due to his poor condition and died of the disease. This case presents a diagnostic pitfall and highlights the importance of cytological evaluation and complete workup in the diagnosis of unconventional lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif Salyana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
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4
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Huettl KS, Staiger AM, Stehle A, Bonzheim I, Horn H, Borgmann V, Ott M, Fend F, Ott G. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma NOS arising in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma of cytotoxic phenotype. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3561-3564. [PMID: 31290373 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1636987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin S Huettl
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annette M Staiger
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Stehle
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike Horn
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Borgmann
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michaela Ott
- Department of Pathology, MVZ Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Ong DM, Cummins KD, Pham A, Grigoriadis G. PAX5-expressing ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma with extensive extranodal and nodal involvement. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-211159. [PMID: 26187868 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old man with a history of well controlled HIV infection was admitted with acute renal impairment, peripheral oedema, constitutional symptoms, deranged liver function and hypercalcaemia. Core biopsies of a retroperitoneal mass demonstrated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) with unusual Paired box 5 (PAX5) positivity. The same malignant cells were identifiable on urine cytology. Staging investigations revealed extensive nodal and extranodal disease including ALK negative ALCL involving the kidney and prostate, which has not previously been reported in the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doen Ming Ong
- Department of Pathology (Haematology) and Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine D Cummins
- Department of Pathology (Haematology) and Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Pham
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Grigoriadis
- Alfred Pathology Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Kawakami K, Yazaki A, Ito R, Tono Y, Murata T, Baba Y, Uchiyama T, Imai H, Nakamura S. Refractory Case of ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma with PAX-5 Expression and T-Cell Receptor-^|^gamma; Gene Rearrangement. J Clin Exp Hematop 2013; 53:251-4. [DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.53.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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7
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Identification of a 3-gene model as a powerful diagnostic tool for the recognition of ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood 2012; 120:1274-81. [PMID: 22740451 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-405555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are a group of clinically and biologically heterogeneous diseases including the ALK(+) and ALK(-) systemic forms. Whereas ALK(+) ALCLs are molecularly characterized and can be readily diagnosed, specific immunophenotypic or genetic features to define ALK(-) ALCL are missing, and their distinction from other T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs) remains controversial. In the present study, we undertook a transcriptional profiling meta-analysis of 309 cases, including ALCL and other primary T-NHL samples. Pathway discovery and prediction analyses defined a minimum set of genes capable of recognizing ALK(-) ALCL. Application of quantitative RT-PCR in independent datasets from cryopreserved and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples validated a 3-gene model (TNFRSF8, BATF3, and TMOD1) able to successfully separate ALK(-) ALCL from peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, with overall accuracy near 97%. In conclusion, our data justify the possibility of translating quantitative RT-PCR protocols to routine clinical settings as a new approach to objectively dissect T-NHL and to select more appropriate therapeutic protocols.
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8
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Hagiwara M, Tomita A, Takata K, Shimoyama Y, Yoshino T, Tomita Y, Nakamura S. Primary cutaneous CD30 positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with aberrant expression of PAX5: Report of three cases. Pathol Int 2012; 62:264-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Kinney MC, Higgins RA, Medina EA. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: twenty-five years of discovery. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011; 135:19-43. [PMID: 21204709 DOI: 10.5858/2010-0507-rar.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The year 2010 commemorates the 25th year since the seminal publication by Karl Lennert and Harald Stein and others in Kiel, West Germany, describing an unusual large cell lymphoma now known as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Investigators at many universities and hospitals worldwide have contributed to our current in-depth understanding of this unique peripheral T-cell lymphoma, which in its systemic form, principally occurs in children and young adults. OBJECTIVE To summarize our current knowledge of the clinical and pathologic features of systemic and primary cutaneous ALCL. Particular emphasis is given to the biology and pathogenesis of ALCL. DATA SOURCES Search of the medical literature (Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE: 1950 to Present [National Library of Medicine]) and more than 20 years of diagnostic experience were used as the source of data for review. CONCLUSIONS Based on immunostaining for activation antigen CD30 and the presence of dysregulation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (2p23), the diagnosis of ALCL has become relatively straightforward for most patients. Major strides have been made during the last decade in our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of ALCL. Constitutive NPM-ALK signaling has been shown to drive oncogenesis via an intricate network of redundant and interacting pathways that regulate cell proliferation, cell fate, and cytoskeletal modeling. Nevertheless, pathomechanistic, therapeutic, and diagnostic challenges remain that should be resolved as we embark on the next generation of discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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10
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Desouki MM, Post GR, Cherry D, Lazarchick J. PAX-5: a valuable immunohistochemical marker in the differential diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasms. Clin Med Res 2010; 8:84-8. [PMID: 20660931 PMCID: PMC2910102 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2010.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Undifferentiated tumors and hematolymphoid neoplasms can be diagnostically challenging due to potential overlap of morphologic features and variant antigen expression. PAX-5, a transcription factor expressed throughout B-cell maturation, is detected in most B-cell neoplasms including those that lack expression of mature B-cell markers, such as classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), B-lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell lymphomas following rituximab therapy. The lack of PAX-5 expression in most CD30-positive non-hematopoietic malignancies (embryonal carcinoma and seminoma) and T-cell lymphomas, such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), suggests that the absence of PAX-5 may be used to confirm non-B-cell lineage. The goal of this study was to retrospectively assess PAX-5 immunoreactivity in diagnostic samples of hematolymphoid and other non-hematopoietic malignancies. DESIGN Diagnostic lymph node, decalcified core bone marrow biopsies and tissue sections from 111 archived paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and a tissue lymphoma microarray were immunostained using a monoclonal antibody to PAX-5. The corresponding hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections and additional immunostains were simultaneously evaluated. PAX-5 immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells was scored as positive or negative. This study was exempted by the Institutional Review Board for Human Research. RESULTS Nuclear PAX-5 immunoreactivity was detected in 88% (36/41) of Hodgkin lymphoma, all cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n=72), small B-cell lymphomas (n=5), B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and mixed phenotype acute leukemia with B-cell lineage (n=5). PAX-5 was not detected in ALCL (n=22), T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, mixed phenotype acute leukemia with T-cell lineage (n=5), acute myeloid leukemia (n=4), carcinoid tumors with typical morphology (n=5), melanoma (n=3), and undifferentiated/metastatic tumors (n=8). Non-neoplastic bone marrow sections showed scattered nuclear staining in small B-cell lymphocytes/hematogones. The detection of PAX-5 immunoreactivity resulted in the reclassification of two cases of ALCL to cHL. CONCLUSION Overall, our results demonstrate that including PAX-5 in a panel with other immunomarkers helps establish B-cell lineage and increases diagnostic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Desouki
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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11
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Feldman AL, Law ME, Inwards DJ, Dogan A, McClure RF, Macon WR. PAX5-positive T-cell anaplastic large cell lymphomas associated with extra copies of the PAX5 gene locus. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:593-602. [PMID: 20118907 PMCID: PMC2848697 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell lineage is the major criterion by which lymphomas are classified. Immunohistochemistry has greatly facilitated lymphoma diagnosis by detecting expression of lineage-associated antigens. However, loss or aberrant expression of these antigens may present diagnostic challenges. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a T-cell lymphoma that shows morphologic and phenotypic overlap with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a tumor of B-cell derivation. Staining for the B-cell transcription factor, paired box 5 (PAX5), has been suggested to be helpful in this differential, as it is positive in most classical Hodgkin's lymphomas, but absent in anaplastic large cell lymphomas. In this study we report four systemic T-cell anaplastic large cell lymphomas that were positive for PAX5 by immunohistochemistry, with weak staining intensity similar to that observed in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. All diagnoses were confirmed by a combination of morphologic, phenotypic, and molecular criteria. Three cases were anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative and one was ALK positive. PAX5 immunohistochemistry was negative in 198 additional peripheral T-cell lymphomas, including 66 anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Unexpectedly, although PAX5 translocations were absent, all evaluable PAX5-positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas showed extra copies of the PAX5 gene locus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In contrast, only 4% of PAX5-negative peripheral T-cell lymphomas had extra copies of PAX5. We conclude that aberrant expression of PAX5 occurs rarely in T-cell anaplastic large cell lymphomas, and may be associated with extra copies of the PAX5 gene. PAX5-positive lymphomas with morphologic features overlapping different lymphoma types should be evaluated with an extensive immunohistochemical panel and/or molecular studies to avoid diagnostic errors that could lead to inappropriate treatment. As PAX5 overexpression causes T-cell neoplasms in experimental models, PAX5 may have contributed to lymphomagenesis in our cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Mark E Law
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David J Inwards
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca F McClure
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - William R Macon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Knol AC, Ehst BD, Dompmartin A, Quéreux G, Nguyen JM, Comoz F, Renaut JJ, Khammari A, Vonderheid EC, Dréno B. Toll-like receptor 2, 4, 7 and 9 expression in primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:1414-6. [PMID: 19785598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Tamaru J, Kawano R, Momose S. [Pathology of malignant lymphoma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 112:465-73. [PMID: 19697502 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.112.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Eckerle S, Brune V, Döring C, Tiacci E, Bohle V, Sundström C, Kodet R, Paulli M, Falini B, Klapper W, Chaubert AB, Willenbrock K, Metzler D, Bräuninger A, Küppers R, Hansmann ML. Gene expression profiling of isolated tumour cells from anaplastic large cell lymphomas: insights into its cellular origin, pathogenesis and relation to Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2009; 23:2129-38. [PMID: 19657361 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a main type of T-cell lymphomas and comprises three distinct entities: systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive, systemic ALK(-) and cutaneous ALK(-) ALCL (cALCL). Little is known about their pathogenesis and their cellular origin, and morphological and immunophenotypical overlap exists between ALK(-) ALCL and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We conducted gene expression profiling of microdissected lymphoma cells of five ALK(+) and four ALK(-) systemic ALCL, seven cALCL and sixteen cHL, and of eight subsets of normal T and NK cells. The analysis supports a derivation of ALCL from activated T cells, but the lymphoma cells acquired a gene expression pattern hampering an assignment to a CD4(+), CD8(+) or CD30(+) T-cell origin. Indeed, ALCL display a down-modulation of many T-cell characteristic molecules. All ALCL types show significant expression of NFkappaB target genes and upregulation of genes involved in oncogenesis (e.g. EZH2). Surprisingly, few genes are differentially expressed between systemic and cALCL despite their different clinical behaviour, and between ALK(-) ALCL and cHL despite their different cellular origin. ALK(+) ALCL are characterized by expression of genes regulated by pathways constitutively activated by ALK. This study provides multiple novel insights into the molecular biology and pathogenesis of ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eckerle
- Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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15
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Wu L, Wang Y, Fu SL, Huang L, Tongji FC, Qi JY. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma with primary involvement of skeletal muscle: a rare case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2009; 26:142-9. [PMID: 19382036 DOI: 10.1080/08880010902771531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary skeletal muscle ALCL is very rare. Here the authors report a case of skeletal muscle ALCL that was proven pathologically. A 14-year-old boy presented with a persistent fever, chills, night sweats, headache, and significant weight loss. A CT scan of the abdomen showed a hazy mass about 3.2 x 1.2 cm in his left sacrospinalis. Ultrasonography revealed a low-echo and irregular mass in the left lumbar muscle measuring 8 x 1.4 x 3.6 cm in size and a similar mass 8 x 3.5 x 3.7 cm in size in the femoral muscle of the left thigh. MRI demonstrated an abnormal mass signal 4 x 3 x 9 cm in size infiltrating the left sacrospinalis muscle. The biopsy specimen was taken from the femoral muscle of the left thigh at surgery. Histopathological examination revealed a diffuse infiltration of large and atypical cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Immunohistological staining showed these atypical cells were positive for CD30 (Ki-l), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CD3, CD45RO, and CD68. The morphology and immunophenotype were consistent with CD30-positive, ALK-positive, and ALCL of T-cell lineage. The patient's condition was diagnosed as CD30-positive primary skeletal muscle ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Expression of p63 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma but not in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2008; 39:1505-10. [PMID: 18620733 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical determination of p63 protein is frequently used in the pathologic diagnosis of nonhematological solid tumors. In malignant hematological disease, p63 expression has been reported in 22% of follicular lymphoma, about 35% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 23% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and in some cases of blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare disease that accounts for less than 5% of all cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There is little information concerning p63 expression in this specific type of lymphoma. In some cases, the morphological and phenotypic features between anaplastic large cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma are similar, making this differential diagnosis challenging. We studied p63 expression using a tissue microarray approach in 154 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, including 38% anaplastic large cell kinase positive and 62% anaplastic large cell kinase negative, and 58 Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. Sixty-eight cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (44%) showed p63 nuclear positivity (41% of anaplastic large cell kinase positive and 47% of anaplastic large cell kinase negative). Of 130 cases of systemic-anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 42% showed p63 positivity. The neoplastic cells expressed p63 in 38% of the cases of CD45-negative/anaplastic large cell kinase-negative null cell-type anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a subgroup that offers the most difficulties in the differential diagnosis with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. In contrast, none of the cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma demonstrated any p63 expression. These results demonstrate that p63 protein expression is frequently expressed in a subset of anaplastic large cell lymphoma cases and may be used as a potential tool in the differential diagnosis between anaplastic large cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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17
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Tamaru J. [Malignant lymphoma: diagnostic approach. 1. Pathological diagnosis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 97:1537-45. [PMID: 18720594 DOI: 10.2169/naika.97.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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