1
|
Gazzaroli G, Angeli A, Giacomini A, Ronca R. Proteasome inhibitors as anticancer agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:775-796. [PMID: 37847492 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2272648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapeutic targeting of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) through inhibitors of the 20S proteasome core proteolytic activities has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies and is paving the way for its extension to solid tumors. AREAS COVERED This review covers the progress made in the field of proteasome inhibitors, ranging from the first-generation bortezomib to the latest second-generation inhibitors such as carfilzomib and ixazomib as well as the proteasome inhibitors in clinical phase such as oprozomib and marizomib. The development of selective and potent proteasome inhibitors with improved pharmacological properties is described from the synthesis to their basic biological, and clinical validation. EXPERT OPINION Proteasome inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies and hold great promise for cancer therapy. Combination therapies targeting multiple pathways, the development of novel inhibitors or 'hybrid-inhibitors,' and the optimization of treatment protocols are key areas for future exploration. The extension of proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors, and their ability to pass the blood-brain barrier open new possibilities for treating central nervous system cancers. However, managing adverse effects, particularly those affecting the central nervous system, remains a critical consideration and a strategic 'working on' aspect for the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Gazzaroli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sadeghi L, Wright APH. GSK-J4 Inhibition of KDM6B Histone Demethylase Blocks Adhesion of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells to Stromal Cells by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:2010. [PMID: 37566089 PMCID: PMC10416905 DOI: 10.3390/cells12152010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways facilitate the survival and drug resistance of malignant B-cells by regulating their migration and adhesion to microenvironmental niches. NF-κB pathways are commonly dysregulated in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), but the exact underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, using a co-culture model system, we show that the adhesion of MCL cells to stromal cells is associated with elevated levels of KDM6B histone demethylase mRNA in adherent cells. The inhibition of KDM6B activity, using either a selective inhibitor (GSK-J4) or siRNA-mediated knockdown, reduces MCL adhesion to stromal cells. We showed that KDM6B is required both for the removal of repressive chromatin marks (H3K27me3) at the promoter region of NF-κB encoding genes and for inducing the expression of NF-κB genes in adherent MCL cells. GSK-J4 reduced protein levels of the RELA NF-κB subunit and impaired its nuclear localization. We further demonstrated that some adhesion-induced target genes require both induced NF-κB and KDM6B activity for their induction (e.g., IL-10 cytokine gene), while others require induction of NF-κB but not KDM6B (e.g., CCR7 chemokine gene). In conclusion, KDM6B induces the NF-κB pathway at different levels in MCL, thereby facilitating MCL cell adhesion, survival, and drug resistance. KDM6B represents a novel potential therapeutic target for MCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Sadeghi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oksuzoglu E, Dursun B. Patterns of the Expression of Cyclin Genes in Bortezomib-Sensitive and Resistant Cells of Multiple Myeloma. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
4
|
Grimont CN, Castillo Almeida NE, Gertz MA. Current and Emerging Treatments for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:146-157. [PMID: 32810857 DOI: 10.1159/000509286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. The primary goal of therapy is to reduce symptoms related to direct infiltration of the bone marrow and decrease monoclonal IgM-associated complications. Active agents in the management of WM can be broadly classified as rituximab-alkylator combination therapy, proteasome inhibitor-based therapy, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based therapy. MYD88L265P and CXCR4 genetic status are pivotal for tailoring treatment options. Ibrutinib is a suitable treatment option for both treatment-naïve and relapsing WM patients. Recent advances in the intracellular B cell and cytokine signaling pathways have contributed to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Current clinical trials are promising and may further advance WM-directed therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Grimont
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Natalia E Castillo Almeida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Morie A Gertz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) degrades individual proteins in a highly regulated fashion and is responsible for the degradation of misfolded, damaged, or unneeded cellular proteins. During the past 20 years, investigators have established a critical role for the UPS in essentially every cellular process, including cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, genome integrity, apoptosis, immune responses, and neuronal plasticity. At the center of the UPS is the proteasome, a large and complex molecular machine containing a multicatalytic protease complex. When the efficiency of this proteostasis system is perturbed, misfolded and damaged protein aggregates can accumulate to toxic levels and cause neuronal dysfunction, which may underlie many neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, many cancers rely on robust proteasome activity for degrading tumor suppressors and cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors necessary for rapid cell division. Thus, proteasome inhibitors have proven clinically useful to treat some types of cancer, especially multiple myeloma. Numerous cellular processes rely on finely tuned proteasome function, making it a crucial target for future therapeutic intervention in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cystic fibrosis, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of the proteasome, the mechanisms of action of different proteasome inhibitors, various techniques to evaluate proteasome function in vitro and in vivo, proteasome inhibitors in preclinical and clinical development, and the feasibility for pharmacological activation of the proteasome to potentially treat neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Thibaudeau
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare condition that is difficult to diagnose, because the clinical manifestations are often varied and nonspecific. The presence and degree of cardiac involvement are the main prognosis determinants, with a median survival of 6 months expected when presented with heart failure. Moreover, the optimal treatment for cardiac amyloidosis is still unclear. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a case of a 50-year-old man who was admitted with evolution of progressive dyspnea. Two months before the present admission, the patient was diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia complicated by bilateral parapneumonic effusion that required drainage. DIAGNOSIS Electrocardiography demonstrated poor R-wave progression in leads V1-V3 with right axis deviation and low voltage criteria. Echocardiography revealed diffuse left ventricular hypertrophy with normal ventricular cavity size, severe diastolic dysfunction, and sparkling and granular texture of the ventricle wall. Serum free light-chain analysis showed an altered kappa/lambda ratio of 0.01 with lambda light chains greatly elevated. A periumbilical fat aspirate sample confirmed amyloidosis. Bone marrow examination confirmed benign monoclonal gammopathy with 8.5% plasma cells, and biopsy stained for Congo red was negative. INTERVENTION A combination of bortezomib with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone treatment was initiated. OUTCOME Unfortunately, 5 days after the second therapy with bortezomib, the patient died. LESSONS Cardiac amyloidosis should be seriously considered in any adult with signs or nonspecific symptoms of cardiac distress, most notably congestive heart failure due to underlying restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Chen
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel K, Ahmed ZSO, Huang X, Yang Q, Ekinci E, Neslund-Dudas CM, Mitra B, Elnady FAEM, Ahn YH, Yang H, Liu J, Dou QP. Discovering proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors for cancer therapy: lessons from rational design, nature and old drug reposition. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2087-2108. [PMID: 30066579 PMCID: PMC6123888 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system has been validated as a target of cancer therapies evident by the US FDA approval of anticancer 20S proteasome inhibitors. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), an essential component of the ubiquitin proteasome system, regulate cellular processes through the removal of ubiquitin from ubiquitinated-tagged proteins. The deubiquitination process has been linked with cancer and other pathologies. As such, the study of proteasomal DUBs and their inhibitors has garnered interest as a novel strategy to improve current cancer therapies, especially for cancers resistant to 20S proteasome inhibitors. This article reviews proteasomal DUB inhibitors in the context of: discovery through rational design approach, discovery from searching natural products and discovery from repurposing old drugs, and offers a future perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kush Patel
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zainab SO Ahmed
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- School of Life Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Elmira Ekinci
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christine M Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Public Health Sciences & Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place, Suite 5C, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bharati Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fawzy AEM Elnady
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Young-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Huanjie Yang
- School of Life Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Qing Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Xu X, He S, Tang J, Huang Y, Miao X, Wu Y, Wang Q, Cheng C. Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) participates in multiple myeloma cell proliferation, adhesion and chemoresistance. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1428-36. [PMID: 26453405 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) remains the major barrier in human multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the role of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) in MM CAM-DR. We determined that PKM2 expression was positively correlated with cell proliferation and knockdown of PKM2 contributed to the increased cell adhesion rate in MM. The enhancement in the adhesion of MM cells to fibronectin or the bone marrow stroma cell line HS-5 cells translated to an increased CAM-DR phenotype. Importantly, we showed that this CAM-DR phenotype was correlated with the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in MM cells. Taken together, our data shed new light on the molecular mechanism of CAM-DR in MM, and targeting PKM2 may be a novel therapeutic approach for improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua He
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 22600, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Miao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiru Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li B, Fu J, Chen P, Ge X, Li Y, Kuiatse I, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang X, Orlowski RZ. The Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and Proteasome Maturation Protein Axis Mediate Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29854-68. [PMID: 26483548 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.664953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is an emerging clinical problem whose mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We considered the possibility that this could be associated with enhanced proteasome activity in part through the action of the proteasome maturation protein (POMP). Bortezomib-resistant myeloma models were used to examine the correlation between POMP expression and bortezomib sensitivity. POMP expression was then modulated using genetic and pharmacologic approaches to determine the effects on proteasome inhibitor sensitivity in cell lines and in vivo models. Resistant cell lines were found to overexpress POMP, and while its suppression in cell lines enhanced bortezomib sensitivity, POMP overexpression in drug-naive cells conferred resistance. Overexpression of POMP was associated with increased levels of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like (NRF2), and NRF2 was found to bind to and activate the POMP promoter. Knockdown of NRF2 in bortezomib-resistant cells reduced POMP levels and proteasome activity, whereas its overexpression in drug-naive cells increased POMP and proteasome activity. The NRF2 inhibitor all-trans-retinoic acid reduced cellular NRF2 levels and increased the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of bortezomib in resistant cells, while decreasing proteasome capacity. Finally, the combination of all-trans-retinoic acid with bortezomib showed enhanced activity against primary patient samples and in a murine model of bortezomib-resistant myeloma. Taken together, these studies validate a role for the NRF2/POMP axis in bortezomib resistance and identify NRF2 and POMP as potentially attractive targets for chemosensitization to this proteasome inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzong Li
- From the Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China and the Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma and
| | - Jinxiang Fu
- From the Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China and
| | - Ping Chen
- From the Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China and
| | - Xueping Ge
- From the Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China and
| | - Yali Li
- From the Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China and
| | | | - Hua Wang
- the Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma and
| | | | | | - Robert Z Orlowski
- the Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vallabhapurapu SD, Noothi SK, Pullum DA, Lawrie CH, Pallapati R, Potluri V, Kuntzen C, Khan S, Plas DR, Orlowski RZ, Chesi M, Kuehl WM, Bergsagel PL, Karin M, Vallabhapurapu S. Transcriptional repression by the HDAC4-RelB-p52 complex regulates multiple myeloma survival and growth. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8428. [PMID: 26455434 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transcriptional activation by NF-κB is well appreciated, physiological importance of transcriptional repression by NF-κB in cancer has remained elusive. Here we show that an HDAC4-RelB-p52 complex maintains repressive chromatin around proapoptotic genes Bim and BMF and regulates multiple myeloma (MM) survival and growth. Disruption of RelB-HDAC4 complex by a HDAC4-mimetic polypeptide blocks MM growth. RelB-p52 also represses BMF translation by regulating miR-221 expression. While the NIK-dependent activation of RelB-p52 in MM has been reported, we show that regardless of the activation status of NIK and the oncogenic events that cause plasma cell malignancy, several genetically diverse MM cells including Bortezomib-resistant MM cells are addicted to RelB-p52 for survival. Importantly, RelB is constitutively phosphorylated in MM and ERK1 is a RelB kinase. Phospho-RelB remains largely nuclear and is essential for Bim repression. Thus, ERK1-dependent regulation of nuclear RelB is critical for MM survival and explains the NIK-independent role of RelB in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Derek A Pullum
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Department of Oncology, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián 20014, Spain.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Rachel Pallapati
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Veena Potluri
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Christian Kuntzen
- Department of Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, Connecticut 06610, USA
| | - Sohaib Khan
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - David R Plas
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology , Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
| | - W Michael Kuehl
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 6002C, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Department of Hematology/Oncology , Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Sivakumar Vallabhapurapu
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
D'Arcy P, Linder S. Molecular pathways: translational potential of deubiquitinases as drug targets. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 20:3908-14. [PMID: 25085788 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main system for controlled protein degradation and a key regulator of fundamental cellular processes. The dependency of cancer cells on a functioning UPS coupled with the clinical success of bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma have made the UPS an obvious target for drug development. Deubiquitinases (DUB) are components of the UPS that encompass a diverse family of ubiquitin isopeptidases that catalyze the removal of ubiquitin moieties from target proteins or from polyubiquitin chains, resulting in altered signaling or changes in protein stability. Increasing evidence has implicated deregulation of DUB activity in the initiation and progression of cancer. The altered pattern of DUB expression observed in many tumors can potentially serve as a clinical marker for predicting disease outcome and therapy response. The finding of DUB overexpression in tumor cells suggests that they may serve as novel targets for the development of anticancer therapies. Several specific and broad-spectrum DUB inhibitors are shown to have antitumor activity in preclinical in vivo models with low levels of systemic toxicity. Future studies will hopefully establish the clinical potential for DUB inhibitors as a strategy to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pádraig D'Arcy
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm and
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm and Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang J, Ji L, Wang Y, Huang Y, Yin H, He Y, Liu J, Miao X, Wu Y, Xu X, He S, Cheng C. Cell adhesion down-regulates the expression of vacuolar protein sorting 4B (VPS4B) and contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. Int J Hematol 2015; 102:25-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
13
|
Hoppe T. Limited proteolysis: DisRUPting proteasomal inhibition. Curr Biol 2014; 24:R693-5. [PMID: 25093561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a protease complex that completely degrades substrate proteins marked with a chain of ubiquitins, but is also able to perform endoproteolytic cleavage. A new study now demonstrates that regulated ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent processing ameliorates proteasomal inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sha Z, Goldberg AL. Proteasome-mediated processing of Nrf1 is essential for coordinate induction of all proteasome subunits and p97. Curr Biol 2014; 24:1573-1583. [PMID: 24998528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasome inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and as research tools. Additionally, diminished proteasome function may contribute to neuronal dysfunction. In response to these inhibitors, cells enhance the expression of proteasome subunits by the transcription factor Nrf1. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which decreased proteasome function triggers production of new proteasomes via Nrf1. RESULTS Exposure of myeloma or neuronal cells to proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, epoxomicin, and MG132), but not to proteotoxic or ER stress, caused a 2- to 4-fold increase within 4 hr in mRNAs for all 26S subunits. In addition, p97 and its cofactors (Npl4, Ufd1, and p47), PA200, and USP14 were induced, but expression of immunoproteasome-specific subunits was suppressed. Nrf1 mediates this induction of proteasomes and p97, but only upon exposure to low concentrations of inhibitors that partially inhibit proteolysis. Surprisingly, high concentrations of these inhibitors prevent this compensatory response. Nrf1 is normally ER-bound, and its release requires its deglycosylation and ubiquitination. Normally ubiquitinated Nrf1 is rapidly degraded, but when partially inhibited, proteasomes carry out limited proteolysis and release the processed Nrf1 (lacking its N-terminal region) from the ER, which allows it to enter the nucleus and promote gene expression. CONCLUSIONS When fully active, proteasomes degrade Nrf1, but when partially inhibited, they perform limited proteolysis that generates the active form of Nrf1. This elegant mechanism allows cells to compensate for reduced proteasome function by enhancing production of 26S subunits and p97.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sha
- Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Targeting MUC1-C is synergistic with bortezomib in downregulating TIGAR and inducing ROS-mediated myeloma cell death. Blood 2014; 123:2997-3006. [PMID: 24632713 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-539395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteosome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) induces endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. The mucin 1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) oncoprotein is aberrantly expressed in most MM cells, and targeting MUC1-C with GO-203, a cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor of MUC1-C homodimerization, is effective in inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated MM cell death. The present results demonstrate that GO-203 and BTZ synergistically downregulate expression of the p53-inducible regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis (TIGAR), which promotes shunting of glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose phosphate pathway to generate reduced glutathione (GSH). In turn, GO-203 blocks BTZ-induced increases in GSH and results in synergistic increases in ROS and MM cell death. The results also demonstrate that GO-203 is effective against BTZ-resistant MM cells. We show that BTZ resistance is associated with BTZ-induced increases in TIGAR and GSH levels, and that GO-203 resensitizes BTZ-resistant cells to BTZ treatment by synergistically downregulating TIGAR and GSH. The GO-203/BTZ combination is thus highly effective in killing BTZ-resistant MM cells. These findings support a model in which targeting MUC1-C is synergistic with BTZ in suppressing TIGAR-mediated regulation of ROS levels and provide an experimental rationale for combining GO-203 with BTZ in certain settings of BTZ resistance.
Collapse
|
16
|
Potluri V, Noothi SK, Vallabhapurapu SD, Yoon SO, Driscoll JJ, Lawrie CH, Vallabhapurapu S. Transcriptional repression of Bim by a novel YY1-RelA complex is essential for the survival and growth of Multiple Myeloma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66121. [PMID: 23874387 PMCID: PMC3707888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell cancer that is caused by several chromosomal translocations and gene deletions. Although deregulation of several signaling pathways including the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has been reported in MM, the molecular requirement and the crosstalk between NF-κB and its target genes in MM cell survival has been largely unclear. Here, we report that Yin Yang1 (YY1), a target gene for NF-κB, is hyperexpressed in most MM tumor cells obtained from human patients, exhibits constitutive nuclear localization, and is essential for survival of MM cells. Mechanistically, we report a novel YY1-RelA complex formation, which is essential to transcriptionally repress a proapoptotic gene Bim. In line with this, depletion of YY1 or RelA resulted in elevated levels of Bim and apoptosis. Moreover, both YY1 and RelA are recruited to the Bim promoter and are required to repress the Bim promoter. Importantly, depletion of YY1 or RelA almost completely impaired the colony forming ability of MM progenitor cells suggesting that both RelA and YY1 are essential for the survival and growth of MM progenitor cells. Moreover, depletion of either YY1 or RelA completely inhibited MM tumor growth in xenograft models for human myeloma. Thus, a novel RelA-YY1 transcriptional repression complex is an attractive drug target in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Potluri
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou B, Zuo Y, Li B, Wang H, Liu H, Wang X, Qiu X, Hu Y, Wen S, Du J, Bu X. Deubiquitinase inhibition of 19S regulatory particles by 4-arylidene curcumin analog AC17 causes NF-κB inhibition and p53 reactivation in human lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1381-92. [PMID: 23696216 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have been suggested as potential anticancer agents in many clinical trials. Recent evidence indicates that proteasomal deubiquitinase (DUB) inhibitors, bearing a different mechanism from that of traditional proteasome inhibitors, would be appropriate candidates for new anticancer drug development. In the present study, we describe the deubiquitinase inhibition of 19S regulatory particles (19S RP) by AC17, a 4-arylidene curcumin analog synthesized in our laboratory. Although 4-arylidene curcumin analogs were reported to act as inhibitory κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) inhibitors, AC17 instead induced a rapid and marked accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins without inhibiting proteasome proteolytic activities. In contrast to its parent compound, curcumin, which is a proteasome proteolytic inhibitor, AC17 serves as an irreversible deubiquitinase inhibitor of 19S RP, resulting in inhibition of NF-κB pathway and reactivation of proapoptotic protein p53. In addition, in a murine xenograft model of human lung cancer A549, treatment with AC17 suppresses tumor growth in a manner associated with proteasome inhibition, NF-κB blockage, and p53 reactivation. These results suggest that 4-arylidene curcumin analogs are novel 19S deubiquitinase inhibitors with great potential for anticancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sequence analysis of β-subunit genes of the 20S proteasome in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib or dexamethasone. Blood 2012; 120:4513-6. [PMID: 23018640 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-426924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations within proteasome β (PSMB) genes, which encode the β subunits of the 20S proteasome, may affect proteasome function, assembly, and/or binding of proteasome inhibitors. To investigate the potential association between PSMB gene variants and treatment-emergent resistance to bortezomib and/or long-term outcomes, in the present study, PSMB gene sequence variation was characterized in tumor DNA samples from patients who participated in the phase 3 Assessment of Proteasome Inhibition for Extending Remissions (APEX) study of bortezomib versus high-dose dexamethasone for treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma. Twelve new PSMB variants were identified. No associations were found between PSMB single nucleotide polymorphism genotype frequency and clinical response to bortezomib or dexamethasone treatment or between PSMB single nucleotide polymorphism allelic frequency and pooled overall survival or time to progression. Although specific PSMB5 variants have been identified previously in preclinical models of bortezomib resistance, these variants were not detected in patient tumor samples collected after clinical relapse from bortezomib, which suggests that alternative mechanisms underlie bortezomib insensitivity.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng Y, Yang J, Qian J, Qiu P, Hanabuchi S, Lu Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Li H, He J, Lin P, Weber D, Davis RE, Kwak L, Cai Z, Yi Q. PSGL-1/selectin and ICAM-1/CD18 interactions are involved in macrophage-induced drug resistance in myeloma. Leukemia 2012; 27:702-10. [PMID: 22996336 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is the major obstacle in multiple myeloma (MM) management. We previously showed that macrophages protect myeloma cells, on a cell contact basis, from melphalan or dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in vitro. In this study, we found that macrophage-mediated myeloma drug resistance was also seen with purified macrophages from myeloma patients' bone marrow (BM) in vitro and was confirmed in vivo using the human myeloma-SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mouse model. By profiling differentially regulated and paired plasma membrane protein genes, we showed that PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1)/selectins and ICAM-1/CD18 played an important role in macrophage-mediated myeloma cell drug resistance, as blocking antibodies against these molecules or genetic knockdown of PSGL-1 or ICAM-1 in myeloma cells repressed macrophages' ability to protect myeloma cells. Interaction of macrophages and myeloma cells via these molecules activated Src and Erk1/2 kinases and c-myc pathways and suppressed caspase activation induced by chemotherapy drugs. Thus, our study sheds new light on the mechanism of drug resistance in MM and provides novel targets for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor to overcome bortezomib resistance in preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Blood 2012; 120:3260-70. [PMID: 22932796 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-386789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib is a validated approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma, but drug resistance often emerges and limits its utility in the retreatment setting. To begin to identify some of the mechanisms involved, we developed bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell lines that, unlike previously reported models, showed no β5 subunit mutations. Instead, up-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis was identified, with increased autocrine and paracrine secretion of IGF-1, leading to increased activation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Exogenous IGF-1 reduced cellular sensitivity to bortezomib, whereas pharmacologic or small hairpin RNA-mediated IGF-1R suppression enhanced bortezomib sensitivity in cell lines and patient samples. In vitro studies with OSI-906, a clinically relevant dual IGF-1R and insulin receptor inhibitor, showed it acted synergistically with bortezomib, and potently resensitized bortezomib-resistant cell lines and patient samples to bortezomib. Importantly, OSI-906 in combination with bortezomib also overcame bortezomib resistance in an in vivo model of myeloma. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that signaling through the IGF-1/IGF-1R axis contributes to acquired bortezomib resistance, and provide a rationale for combining bortezomib with IGF-1R inhibitors like OSI-906 to overcome or possibly prevent the emergence of bortezomib-refractory disease in the clinic.
Collapse
|
21
|
D'Arcy P, Linder S. Proteasome deubiquitinases as novel targets for cancer therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1729-38. [PMID: 22819849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a conserved pathway regulating numerous biological processes including protein turnover, DNA repair, and intracellular trafficking. Tumor cells are dependent on a functioning UPS, making it an ideal target for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. The development of bortezomib (Velcade(®)) as a treatment for multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma has verified this and suggests that targeting other components of the UPS may be a viable strategy for the treatment for cancer. We recently described a novel class of proteasome inhibitors that function by an alternative mechanism of action (D'Arcy et al., 2011). The small molecule b-AP15 blocks the deubiquitinase (DUB) activity of the 19S regulatory particle (19S RP) without inhibiting the proteolytic activities of the 20S core particle (20S CP). b-AP15 inhibits two proteasome-associated DUBs, USP14 and UCHL5, resulting in a rapid accumulation of high molecular weight ubiquitin conjugates and a functional proteasome shutdown. Interestingly, b-AP15 displays several differences to bortezomib including insensitivity to over-expression of the anti-apoptotic mediator Bcl-2 and anti-tumor activity in solid tumor models. In this review we will discuss the potential of proteasome deubiquitinase inhibitors as additions to the therapeutic arsenal against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pádraig D'Arcy
- Institute for Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nawrocki ST, Griffin P, Kelly KR, Carew JS. MLN4924: a novel first-in-class inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1563-73. [PMID: 22799561 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.707192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The small ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 has been identified as an essential regulator of the activity of the cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), which control the turnover of multiple proteins with fundamental roles in cancer biology. The aberrant function of the NEDD8 cascade within the context of malignancy makes it an attractive target for the development of novel anticancer agents. MLN4924 is a first-in-class inhibitor of the proximal regulator of the NEDD8 system (NEDD8-activating enzyme, NAE) that has entered Phase-I trials for cancer therapy and has established that significant therapeutic benefit can be achieved by antagonizing NEDD8-mediated protein degradation. AREAS COVERED This review provides a detailed overview of the NEDD8 system and discusses the mechanisms of action of MLN4924, a novel small molecule NAE inhibitor. Key findings from preclinical investigations of MLN4924 in a broad range of cancer models and preliminary findings from ongoing Phase-I clinical trials with MLN4924 are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Targeting protein NEDDylation represents an exciting new anticancer strategy with demonstrable therapeutic benefit. Ongoing and future studies focused on dissecting the functional status/regulation of the NEDD8 system in individual tumor types will facilitate the design of novel approaches that yield optimal therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffan T Nawrocki
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, MC8232, 7979 Wurzbach Rd, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mirandola L, Yu Y, Chui K, Jenkins MR, Cobos E, John CM, Chiriva-Internati M. Galectin-3C inhibits tumor growth and increases the anticancer activity of bortezomib in a murine model of human multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21811. [PMID: 21765917 PMCID: PMC3135605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a human lectin involved in many cellular processes including differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, neoplastic transformation, and metastasis. We evaluated galectin-3C, an N-terminally truncated form of galectin-3 that is thought to act as a dominant negative inhibitor, as a potential treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). Galectin-3 was expressed at varying levels by all 9 human MM cell lines tested. In vitro galectin-3C exhibited modest anti-proliferative effects on MM cells and inhibited chemotaxis and invasion of U266 MM cells induced by stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α. Galectin-3C facilitated the anticancer activity of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor approved by the FDA for MM treatment. Galectin-3C and bortezomib also synergistically inhibited MM-induced angiogenesis activity in vitro. Delivery of galectin-3C intravenously via an osmotic pump in a subcutaneous U266 cell NOD/SCID mouse model of MM significantly inhibited tumor growth. The average tumor volume of bortezomib-treated animals was 19.6% and of galectin-3C treated animals was 13.5% of the average volume of the untreated controls at day 35. The maximal effect was obtained with the combination of galectin-3C with bortezomib that afforded a reduction of 94% in the mean tumor volume compared to the untreated controls at day 35. In conclusion, this is the first study to show that inhibition of galectin-3 is efficacious in a murine model of human MM. Our results demonstrated that galectin-3C alone was efficacious in a xenograft mouse model of human MM, and that it enhanced the anti-tumor activity of bortezomib in vitro and in vivo. These data provide the rationale for continued testing of galectin-3C towards initiation of clinical trials for treatment of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mirandola
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuefei Yu
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kitty Chui
- MandalMed, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marjorie R. Jenkins
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Anshu A, Thomas S, Agarwal P, Ibarra-Rivera TR, Pirrung MC, Schönthal AH. Novel proteasome-inhibitory syrbactin analogs inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in hematological tumor cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:600-9. [PMID: 21736873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome has been recognized as a druggable target in cancer cells, and this has led to searches for pharmacologic agents that target this cellular organelle for cancer therapeutic purposes. Syrbactins are a group of microbial metabolites consisting of two related families, the glidobactins and the syringolins. Some members of this group have revealed cytotoxic efficacy in tumor cells, and more recently it was discovered that they exert proteasome-inhibitory function. Based on this therapeutic promise and to gain further understanding of their molecular modes of action, we chemically synthesized de-novo three novel syrbactin analogs and characterized their proteasome-inhibitory and in vitro anti-neoplastic activity in human cell lines representing multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, and lymphocytic leukemia. Our results show that two of these novel compounds are able to inhibit proteasome activity in the nanomolar range, reduce the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and Mcl-1, and cause severe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in pronounced tumor cell death. These anticancer effects can be synergistically enhanced when the agents are combined with thapsigargin, which further aggravates ER stress by a different mechanism. Taken together, our findings support the notion that syrbactin analogs may provide a structural platform for the development of novel cancer therapeutics, and that their efficacy may be further increased when complemented with other agents that trigger ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Anshu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9094, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ling X, Calinski D, Chanan-Khan AA, Zhou M, Li F. Cancer cell sensitivity to bortezomib is associated with survivin expression and p53 status but not cancer cell types. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:8. [PMID: 20096120 PMCID: PMC2826345 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Survivin is known playing a role in drug resistance. However, its role in bortezomib-mediated inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis is unclear. There are conflicting reports for the effect of bortezomib on survivin expression, which lacks of a plausible explanation. Methods: In this study, we tested cancer cells with both p53 wild type and mutant/null background for the relationship of bortezomib resistance with survivin expression and p53 status using MTT assay, flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, western blots and RNAi technology. Results We found that cancer cells with wild type p53 show a low level expression of survivin and are sensitive to treatment with bortezomib, while cancer cells with a mutant or null p53 show a high level expression of survivin and are resistant to bortezomib-mediated apoptosis induction. However, silencing of survivin expression utilizing survivin mRNA-specific siRNA/shRNA in p53 mutant or null cells sensitized cancer cells to bortezomib mediated apoptosis induction, suggesting a role for survivin in bortezomib resistance. We further noted that modulation of survivin expression by bortezomib is dependent on p53 status but independent of cancer cell types. In cancer cells with mutated p53 or p53 null, bortezomib appears to induce survivin expression, while in cancer cells with wild type p53, bortezomib downregulates or shows no significant effect on survivin expression, which is dependent on the drug concentration, cell line and exposure time. Conclusions Our findings, for the first time, unify the current inconsistent findings for bortezomib treatment and survivin expression, and linked the effect of bortezomib on survivin expression, apoptosis induction and bortezomib resistance in the relationship with p53 status, which is independent of cancer cell types. Further mechanistic studies along with this line may impact the optimal clinical application of bortezomib in solid cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|