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Wang T, Ran B, Luo Y, Ma J, Li J, Li P, Li M, Li D. Functional study of the ST6GAL2 gene regulating skeletal muscle growth and development. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37311. [PMID: 39296044 PMCID: PMC11407927 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
ST6GAL2, a member of the sialoglycosyltransferase family, primarily localizes within the cellular Golgi apparatus. However, the role of the ST6GAL2 gene in skeletal muscle growth and development remains elusive. In this study, the impact of the ST6GAL2 gene on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of primary chicken myoblasts at the cellular level was investigated. Quantitative fluorescent PCR was used to measure the expression levels of genes. Subsequently, using gene knockout mice, we assessed its effects on skeletal muscle growth and development in vivo. Our findings reveal that the ST6GAL2 gene promotes the expression of cell cycle and proliferation-related genes, including CCNB2 and PCNA, and apoptosis-related genes, such as Fas and Caspase-9. At the individual level, double knockout of ST6GAL2 inhibited the formation of both fast and slow muscle fibers in the quadriceps, extensor digitorum longus, and tibial anterior muscle, while promoting their formation in the gastrocnemius and soleus. These results collectively demonstrate that the ST6GAL2 gene facilitates the proliferation, apoptosis, and fusion processes of primary chicken myoblasts. Additionally, it promotes the enlargement of cross-sectional muscle fiber areas and regulates the formation of fast and slow muscle fibers at the individual level, albeit inhibiting muscle fusion. This study provides valuable insights into the role of the ST6GAL2 gene in promoting proliferation of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Bo Ran
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yingyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Xi Nan Gynecological Hospital Co., Ltd., 66 Bisheng Road, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Liu Y. Research Progress on the Regulating Factors of Muscle Fiber Heterogeneity in Livestock: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2225. [PMID: 39123750 PMCID: PMC11311112 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The type of muscle fiber plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and dynamic plasticity of animals' skeletal muscle. Additionally, it is a primary determinant of the quality of both fresh and processed meat. Therefore, understanding the regulatory factors that contribute to muscle fibers' heterogeneity is of paramount importance. Recent advances in sequencing and omics technologies have enabled comprehensive cross-verification of research on the factors affecting the types of muscle fiber across multiple levels, including the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. These advancements have facilitated deeper exploration into the related biological questions. This review focused on the impact of individual characteristics, feeding patterns, and genetic regulation on the proportion and interconversion of different muscle fibers. The findings indicated that individual characteristics and feeding patterns significantly influence the type of muscle fiber, which can effectively enhance the type and distribution of muscle fibers in livestock. Furthermore, non-coding RNA, genes and signaling pathways between complicated regulatory mechanisms and interactions have a certain degree of impact on muscle fibers' heterogeneity. This, in turn, changes muscle fiber profile in living animals through genetic selection or environmental factors, and has the potential to modulate the quality of fresh meat. Collectively, we briefly reviewed the structure of skeletal muscle tissue and then attempted to review the inevitable connection between the quality of fresh meat and the type of muscle fiber, with particular attention to potential events involved in regulating muscle fibers' heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Y.W.); (D.Z.)
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Mulim HA, Hernandez RO, Vanderhout R, Bai X, Willems O, Regmi P, Erasmus MA, Brito LF. Genetic background of walking ability and its relationship with leg defects, mortality, and performance traits in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Poult Sci 2024; 103:103779. [PMID: 38788487 PMCID: PMC11145530 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the genetic basis of walking ability and potentially related performance traits in turkey purebred populations. Phenotypic, pedigree, and genomic datasets from 2 turkey lines hatched between 2010 and 2023 were included in the study. Walking ability data, defined based on a scoring system ranging from 1 (worst) to 6 (best), were collected on 192,019 animals of a female line and 235,461 animals of a male line. Genomic information was obtained for 46,427 turkeys (22,302 from a female line and 24,125 from a male line) using a 65K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. Variance components and heritability for walking ability were estimated. Furthermore, genetic and phenotypic correlations among walking ability, mortality and disorders, and performance traits were calculated. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was also conducted to identify SNPs associated with walking ability. Walking ability is moderately heritable (0.23 ± 0.01) in both turkey lines. The genetic correlations between walking ability and the other evaluated traits ranged from -0.02 to -0.78, with leg defects exhibiting the strongest negative correlation with walking ability. In the female line, 31 SNPs were associated with walking ability and overlapped with 116 genes. These positional genes are linked to 6 gene ontology (GO) terms. Notably, genes such as CSRP2, DDX1, RHBDL1, SEZ6L, and CTSK are involved in growth, development, locomotion, and bone disorders. GO terms, including fibronectin binding (GO:0001968), peptide cross-linking (GO:0018149), and catabolic process (GO:0009057), are directly linked with mobility. In the male line, 66 markers associated with walking ability were identified and overlapped with 281 genes. These genes are linked to 12 GO terms. Genes such as RB1CC1, TNNI1, MSTN, FN1, SIK3, PADI2, ERBB4, B3GNT2, and BACE1 are associated with cell growth, myostatin development, and disorders. GO terms in the male line are predominantly related to lipid metabolism. In conclusion, walking ability is moderately heritable in both populations. Furthermore, walking ability can be enhanced through targeted genetic selection, emphasizing its relevance to both animal welfare and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique A Mulim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rick O Hernandez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Xuechun Bai
- Hendrix Genetics Limited, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | | | - Prafulla Regmi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Marisa A Erasmus
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Yan X, Wang J, Li H, Gao L, Geng J, Ma Z, Liu J, Zhang J, Xie P, Chen L. Combined transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal differences in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1439-1450. [PMID: 33677919 PMCID: PMC8495333 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective With the rapid development of proteomics sequencing and RNA sequencing technology, multi-omics analysis has become a current research hotspot. Our previous study indicated that Xinjiang brown cattle have better meat quality than Kazakh cattle. In this study, Xinjiang brown cattle and Kazakh cattle were used as the research objects. Methods Proteome sequencing and RNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the proteome and transcriptome of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the two breeds of adult steers (n = 3). Results In this project, 22,677 transcripts and 1,874 proteins were identified through quantitative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome. By comparing the identified transcriptome and proteome, we found that 1,737 genes were identified at both the transcriptome and proteome levels. The results of the study revealed 12 differentially expressed genes and proteins: troponin I1, crystallin alpha B, cysteine, and glycine rich protein 3, phosphotriesterase-related, myosin-binding protein H, glutathione s-transferase mu 3, myosin light chain 3, nidogen 2, dihydropyrimidinase like 2, glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, receptor accessory protein 5, and aspartoacylase. We performed functional enrichment of these differentially expressed genes and proteins. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes results showed that these differentially expressed genes and proteins are enriched in the fatty acid degradation and histidine metabolism signaling pathways. We performed parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) verification of the differentially expressed proteins, and the PRM results were consistent with the sequencing results. Conclusion Our study provided and identified the differentially expressed genes and proteins. In addition, identifying functional genes and proteins with important breeding value will provide genetic resources and technical support for the breeding and industrialization of new genetically modified beef cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangMin Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi 830057, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Geographic Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi 830057, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Yili Vocational and Technical College, Yili, 835000, China
| | - Juan Geng
- Xinjiang Animal Husbandry General Station, Urumqi 830057, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi 830057, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Yili Animal Husbandry General Station, Yili 835000, China
| | - Jinshan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi 830057, China
| | - Penggui Xie
- Yili Vocational and Technical College, Yili, 835000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
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Cao Z, Gao W, Gu T, Huo W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chen G. The specificity protein 3 ( SP3) gene in ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos): cloning, characterization and expression during viral infection. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:676-682. [PMID: 32180490 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1740240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Specificity Protein 3 (SP3) is a newly identified regulator of tumor growth and invasiveness in humans. In this study, we identified and characterized the function of duck SP3 (duSP3). The full-length cDNA sequence of the duSP3 gene was cloned via rapid amplification of cDNA ends. It contained 2468 nucleotides, including a 111 base pair (bp) 5'-untranslated region (UTR), 215 bp 3'-UTR, and 2142 bp open reading frame (ORF), which encoded a 713 amino acid (AA) strongly conserved with Avian SP3. Tissue specificity analysis demonstrated that duSP3 was constitutively expressed in the eight tissues tested: liver, spleen, lung, heart, kidney, thymus, breast, and leg; and low expression levels were observed in all tissues, except the spleen and thymus. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that duSP3 expression rapidly increased in vitro after stimulation with both the hepatitis virus (DHV-1) and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). However, the expression under these treatments varied in kidney and liver tissues; in the liver, duSP3 increased significantly at 36 h after the DHV-1 treatment and peaked at 72 h after poly(I:C) stimulation. These results suggested that SP3 may play a positive role in immune responses against viral infections in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Weiran Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Jiang XH, Chen Y, Ding YY, Qiu H, Zhou DY, Qiu CL. Effect of Grilled Nux Vomica on Differential RNA Expression Profile of Gastrocnemius Muscle and Toll‑Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling in Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919150. [PMID: 32052794 PMCID: PMC7034401 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a progressive autoimmune disorder caused by the production of antibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of grilled nux vomica (GNV) in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rat 97-116 peptides were used to mediate disease in the EAMG model in SPF female Lewis rats. The treatment groups received grilled nux vomica (75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 225 mg/kg). The autoantibody and inflammatory cytokines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA profiling was performed on high-dose and model group rats. Profiling results and TLR-4/NF-kappaB signaling were validated by q-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that GNV could attenuate the symptoms of EAMG rats. There was a decreased level of AChR-ab, IFN-γ, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17 levels, and an increased level of TGF-ß1. In total, 235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), consisting of 175 upregulated DEGs and 60 downregulated DEGs, were identified. Functional annotation demonstrated that DEGs were largely associated with leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, muscle contraction, and cardiac muscle contraction pathway. Rac2, Itgb2, Lcp2, Myl3, and Tnni1 were considered as hub genes with a higher degree value in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The q-PCR and Western blot results of hub genes were consistent with RNA profiles. GNV treatment also significantly reduced the TLR-4 and NF-kappaB p65 protein expression in EAMG rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that grilled nux vomica ameliorates EAMG by depressing the TLR-4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, and hub genes may serve as potential targets for MG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hong Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Yang Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Di Yi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chang Lin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Ji GG, Shu JT, Zhang M, Ju XJ, Shan YJ, Liu YF, Tu YJ. Transcriptional regulatory region and DNA methylation analysis of TNNI1 gene promoters in Gaoyou duck skeletal muscle ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica). Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:202-208. [PMID: 30968708 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1602250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The slow skeletal muscle troponin I (TNNI1) gene has been found to be specifically expressed in slow muscle fibres and plays an important role in muscle development. The aim of this study was to determine the active control area of duck TNNI1 and identify the potential cis-regulatory elements in the promoter. 2. In this study, the TNNI1 promoter was first cloned by genome walking and the sequences were analysed using bioinformatics software. Firefly luciferase reporter gene vectors, driven by a series of constructs with progressive deletions, were used to identify the core transcriptional regulatory region of the duck TNNI1 gene. The methylation status of the CpG island in the TNNI1 promoter was detected in skeletal muscle on embryonic days 21 and 27, by bisulphite sequencing PCR (BSP). 3. The results showed two CpG islands presented in the promoter region, with one of the CpG islands located in the core transcriptional regulatory region (-2078/-885 bp). The total methylation levels of the 14 CpG sites were not altered between breast and leg muscles on embryonic days 21 and 27. However, four CpG sites (loci of positions 4, 11, 13, and 14) showed dramatically different methylation levels between breast and leg muscles at embryonic days 21 and 27. Analysis showed that multiple CpG sites had a significant correlation between the methylation levels of the CpG sites and mRNA expressions in skeletal muscle. Multiple transcription factor binding sites including Sp1, c-Myc, Oct-1 and NF-kB motifs were identified and might be responsible for transcriptional regulation of the TNNI1 gene. 4. These findings contribute to further understanding of the fundamental mechanism for transcriptional regulation of the TNNI1 gene in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-G Ji
- a Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science , Yangzhou , China
| | - J-T Shu
- a Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science , Yangzhou , China
| | - M Zhang
- a Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science , Yangzhou , China
| | - X-J Ju
- a Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science , Yangzhou , China
| | - Y-J Shan
- a Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science , Yangzhou , China
| | - Y-F Liu
- a Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science , Yangzhou , China
| | - Y-J Tu
- a Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science , Yangzhou , China
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