1
|
Muniz MMM, Serrenho RC, Duffield T, de Oliveira Junior GA, McArt JAA, Baes CF, Schenkel FS, Squires EJ. Identification of genetic markers associated with hyperketonemia patterns in early lactation Holstein cows. J Anim Breed Genet 2024. [PMID: 38783641 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ketosis, evidenced by hyperketonemia with elevated blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels, is a significant metabolic disorder of dairy cattle, typically diagnosed within the first 6 weeks post-calving when high energy levels are essential to milk production. Our study aimed to identify genetic markers linked to hyperketonemia (HYK) patterns in Holstein cows during early lactation and compare these to HYK-negative cows. We screened 964 cows for HYK using a threshold of BHB ≥1.2 mmol/L during the first 2 weeks postpartum (screening period, SP). Cows that tested negative initially were retested the following week. Cows were deemed HYK-negative (CON group) if BHB levels were below 1.2 mmol/L in both tests, while those with BHB levels exceeding this threshold at any test were treated and classified as HYK-positive (HYK+). Post-treatment, HYK+ cows were monitored for two-week follow-up period (FP) and classified based on their recovery: cured (CUR; consistently low BHB), recurrent (REC; fluctuating BHB levels), severe (SEV; high initial BHB that decreased), or chronic (CHR; persistently high BHB). Using 489 cows that were genotyped, a GWAS was conducted using GCTA software, revealing significant associations of several SNPs across different HYK patterns when compared to the CON group. These SNPs were primarily linked to genes affecting milk traits and were enriched in biological pathways relevant to protein glycosylation, inflammatory response, glucose homeostasis, and fatty acid synthesis. Our findings highlight genomic regions, potential candidate genes, and biological pathways related to ketosis, underscoring potential targets for improving health management in dairy cattle. These insights could lead to better strategies for managing ketosis through genetic selection, ultimately enhancing dairy cattle welfare and productivity. Further research with a larger number of cows is recommended to validate these findings and help confirm the implicated SNPs and genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malane M Muniz
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita Couto Serrenho
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd Duffield
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerson A de Oliveira Junior
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica A A McArt
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christine F Baes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Schramm Schenkel
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - E James Squires
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi B, Zhang Z, Lv X, An K, Li L, Xia Z. Screening of Genes Related to Fat Deposition of Pekin Ducks Based on Transcriptome Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:268. [PMID: 38254437 PMCID: PMC10812498 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous fat deposition is an important index with which to evaluate meat-producing ducks, and affects their meat quality and feed conversion rate. Studying the differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous fat will help to comprehensively understand the potential mechanisms regulating fat deposition in ducks. In this study, 72 Nankou 1 Pekin Ducks and 72 Jingdian Pekin Ducks (half male and half female) at 42 days of age were selected for slaughter performance and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the breast-muscle yield of Nankou 1 ducks was significantly higher than that of Jingdian ducks, but that the abdominal fat yield and subcutaneous fat yield were higher than that of Jingdian ducks. Thousands of DEGs, including many important genes involved in fat metabolism regulation, were detected by transcriptome. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched on pathways such as regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. SCD, FGF7, LTBP1, PNPLA3, ADCY2, and ACOT8 were selected as candidate genes for regulating subcutaneous fat deposition. The results indicated that Nankou 1 had superior fat deposition ability compared to Jingdian ducks, and that the candidate genes regulated fat deposition by regulating fat synthesis and decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozhi Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (Z.Z.); (K.A.)
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (Z.Z.); (K.A.)
| | - Xueze Lv
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China;
| | - Keying An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (Z.Z.); (K.A.)
| | - Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.S.); (Z.Z.); (K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Lei H, Li J, Sun A, Ahmed Z, Duan H, Chen L, Zhang B, Lei C, Yi K. Analysis of genetic diversity and selection signals in Chaling cattle of southern China using whole-genome scan. Anim Genet 2023; 54:284-294. [PMID: 36864643 DOI: 10.1111/age.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
China has diversified resources of indigenous cattle, which are classified into Northern, Central, and Southern groups according to their geographical distribution. Chaling cattle belong to Southern group. This breed is famous for the production of good quality meat with elite meat grades. To analyze the genetic diversity of Chaling cattle, 20 samples were sequenced using whole-genome resequencing technology, along with 138 published whole-genome sequencing data of Indian indicine cattle, Chinese indicine cattle, East Asian taurine cattle, Eurasian taurine cattle, and European taurine cattle as control. It was found that Chaling cattle originated from Chinese indicine cattle. The genetic diversity of Chaling cattle is higher than that of Indian indicine cattle, East Asian taurine cattle, Eurasian taurine cattle, and European taurine cattle, but lower than that of Chinese indicine cattle and Xiangxi cattle. Annotating the selection signals obtained by composite likelihood ratio, θπ, FST , π-ratio, and XP-EHH methods, several genes associated with immunity, heat tolerance, reproduction, growth, and meat quality showed strong selection signals. In general, this study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the genetic mechanism of Chaling cattle with excellent adaptability, rough feeding tolerance, good immune performance, and good meat quality. This work lays a foundation for genetic breeding of Chaling cattle in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ao Sun
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Hongfeng Duan
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Chaling County Agricultural Development Corporation Ltd, Chaling, Hunan, China
| | - Baizhong Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangle Yi
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Davies MR, Garcia S, Liu M, Chi H, Kim HT, Raffai RL, Liu X, Feeley BT. Muscle-Derived Beige Adipose Precursors Secrete Promyogenic Exosomes That Treat Rotator Cuff Muscle Degeneration in Mice and Are Identified in Humans by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2247-2257. [PMID: 35604307 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221095568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration are common to a variety of sports-related and degenerative conditions and are thought to be irreversible. Fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are multipotent resident muscle stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into fibrogenic as well as white and beige adipose tissue (BAT). FAPs that have assumed a BAT differentiation state (FAP-BAT) have proven efficacious in treating muscle degeneration in numerous injury models. PURPOSE To characterize the subpopulation of murine FAPs with FAP-BAT activity, determine whether their promyogenic effect is mediated via exosomes, and analyze human FAPs for an analogous promyogenic exosome-rich subpopulation. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS FAPs from UCP1 reporter mice were isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting and sorted according to the differential intensity of the UCP1 signal observed: negative for UCP1 (UCP1-), intermediate intensity (UCP1+), and high intensity (UCP1++). Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on UCP1-, UCP1+, and UCP1++ FAPs to evaluate distinct characteristics of each population. Exosomes were harvested from UCP1++ FAP-BAT exosomes (Exo-FB) as well as UCP1- non-FAP-BAT exosomes (Exo-nFB) cells using cushioned-density gradient ultracentrifugation and used to treat C2C12 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, and the myotube fusion index was assessed. Exo-FB and Exo-nFB were then used to treat wild type C57B/L6J mice that had undergone a massive rotator cuff tear. At 6 weeks mice were sacrificed, and supraspinatus muscles were harvested and analyzed for muscle atrophy, fibrosis, fatty infiltration, and UCP1 expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing was then performed on FAPs isolated from human muscle that were treated with the beta-agonist formoterol or standard media to assess for the presence of a parallel promyogenic subpopulation of FAP-BAT cells in humans. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis of sorted UCP1 reporter mouse FAPs revealed a trimodal distribution of UCP1 signal intensity, which correlated with 3 distinct transcriptomic profiles characterized with bulk RNA sequencing. UCP1++ cells were marked by high mitochondrial gene expression, BAT markers, and exosome surface makers; UCP1- cells were marked by fibrogenic markers; and UCP1+ cells were characterized differential enrichment of white adipose tissue markers. Exo-FB treatment of C2C12 cells resulted in robust myotube fusion, while treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in differentiation into myotubes. Treatment of cells with Exo-nFB resulted in poor myotube formation. Mice that were treated with Exo-FB at the time of rotator cuff injury demonstrated markedly reduced muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration as compared with treatment with Exo-nFB or phosphate-buffered saline. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human FAPs from the rotator cuff revealed 6 distinct subpopulations of human FAPs, with one subpopulation demonstrating the presence of UCP1+ beige adipocytes with a distinct profile of BAT, mitochondrial, and extracellular vesicle-associated markers. CONCLUSION FAP-BAT cells form a subpopulation of FAPs with upregulated beige gene expression and exosome production that mediate promyogenic effects in vitro and in vivo, and they are present as a transcriptomically similar subpopulation of FAPs in humans. CLINICAL RELEVANCE FAP-BAT cells and their exosomes represent a potential therapeutic avenue for treating rotator cuff muscle degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Davies
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Surgical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hannah Chi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hubert T Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Surgical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert L Raffai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Surgical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Endovascular and Vascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Surgical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian T Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Surgical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan C, Yang C, Ma Y, Sheng H, Lei Z, Wang S, Hu H, Feng X, Zhang J, Ma Y. Identification of Key Genes Associated With Early Calf-Hood Nutrition in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissues by Co-Expression Analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:831129. [PMID: 35619603 PMCID: PMC9127810 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.831129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substantive evidence has confirmed that nutrition state is associated with health risk and the onset of pubertal and metabolic profile. Due to heterogeneity, adipose tissues in different anatomical positions tend to show various metabolic mechanisms for nutrition. To date, the complicated molecular mechanisms of early calf-hood nutrition on bovine adipose tissue are still largely unknown. This study aimed to identify key genes and functionally enriched pathways associated with early calf-hood nutrition in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results The RNA-seq data of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of calves feeding on low and high dietary nutrition for more than 100 days were downloaded and analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Two modules that positively associated with a low plane of nutrition diet and two modules with a high plane of nutrition diet were identified in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The blue and yellow modules, most closely associated with low and high nutrition, were selected for the functional enrichment analysis and exploration of hub genes. The results showed that genes in the blue module were significantly enriched in pathways that related to fat metabolism, reproduction, and cell communication. Genes in the yellow module were enriched in pathways related to fat metabolism, reproduction, cell proliferation, and senescence. Meanwhile, the blue and brown modules in visceral adipose tissue were most closely associated with low and high nutrition, respectively. Notably, genes of the blue module were significantly enriched in pathways related to substance metabolism, and genes in the brown module were significantly enriched in energy metabolism and disease pathways. Finally, key genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue for low nutrition (PLCG1, GNA11, and ANXA5) and high nutrition (BUB1B, ASPM, RRM2, PBK, NCAPG, and MKI67), and visceral adipose tissue for low nutrition (RPS5, RPL4, RPL14, and RPLP0) and high nutrition (SDHA and AKT1) were obtained and verified. Conclusion The study applied WGCNA to identify hub genes and functionally enriched pathways in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and provided a basis for studying the effect of early calf-hood nutrition on the two adipose tissue types.
Collapse
|