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Reis HBD, Carvalho ME, Espigolan R, Poleti MD, Ambrizi DR, Berton MP, Ferraz JBS, de Mattos Oliveira EC, Eler JP. Genome-Wide Association (GWAS) Applied to Carcass and Meat Traits of Nellore Cattle. Metabolites 2023; 14:6. [PMID: 38276296 PMCID: PMC10818672 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The meat market has enormous importance for the world economy, and the quality of the product offered to the consumer is fundamental for the success of the sector. In this study, we analyzed a database which contained information on 2470 animals from a commercial farm in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of this total, 2181 animals were genotyped, using 777,962 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After quality control analysis, 468,321 SNPs provided information on the number of genotyped animals. Genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) were performed for the characteristics of the rib eye area (REA), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), shear force at 7 days' ageing (SF7), and intramuscular fat (IMF), with the aid of the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) method, with the purpose of identifying possible genomic windows (~1 Mb) responsible for explaining at least 0.5% of the genetic variance of the traits under analysis (≥0.5%). These genomic regions were used in a gene search and enrichment analyses using MeSH terms. The distributed heritability coefficients were 0.14, 0.20, 0.18, and 0.21 for REA, SFT, SF7, and IMF, respectively. The GWAS results indicated significant genomic windows for the traits of interest in a total of 17 chromosomes. Enrichment analyses showed the following significant terms (FDR ≤ 0.05) associated with the characteristics under study: for the REA, heat stress disorders and life cycle stages; for SFT, insulin and nonesterified fatty acids; for SF7, apoptosis and heat shock proteins (HSP27); and for IMF, metalloproteinase 2. In addition, KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis allowed us to highlight important metabolic pathways related to the studied phenotypes, such as the growth hormone synthesis, insulin-signaling, fatty acid metabolism, and ABC transporter pathways. The results obtained provide a better understanding of the molecular processes involved in the expression of the studied characteristics and may contribute to the design of selection strategies and future studies aimed at improving the productivity of Nellore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Borges Dos Reis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.E.C.); (M.D.P.); (J.B.S.F.)
| | - Minos Esperândio Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.E.C.); (M.D.P.); (J.B.S.F.)
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Department of Animal Science and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Independencia, 3751, Palmeira das Missões 98300-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirele Daiana Poleti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.E.C.); (M.D.P.); (J.B.S.F.)
| | - Dewison Ricardo Ambrizi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.E.C.); (M.D.P.); (J.B.S.F.)
| | - Mariana Piatto Berton
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV), São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - José Bento Sterman Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.E.C.); (M.D.P.); (J.B.S.F.)
| | - Elisângela Chicaroni de Mattos Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.E.C.); (M.D.P.); (J.B.S.F.)
| | - Joanir Pereira Eler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.E.C.); (M.D.P.); (J.B.S.F.)
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Dovolou E, Giannoulis T, Nanas I, Amiridis GS. Heat Stress: A Serious Disruptor of the Reproductive Physiology of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1846. [PMID: 37889768 PMCID: PMC10252019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is a significant threat to the sustainability and profitability of the dairy sector, not only in tropical or subtropical regions but also in temperate zones where extreme summer temperatures have become a new and challenging reality. Prolonged exposure of dairy cows to high temperatures compromises animal welfare, increases morbidity, and suppresses fertility, resulting in devastating economic losses for farmers. To counteract the deleterious effects of heat stress, cattl e employ various adaptive thermoregulatory mechanisms including molecular, endocrine, physiological, and behavioral responses. These adaptations involve the immediate secretion of heat shock proteins and cortisol, followed by a complex network of disrupted secretion of metabolic and reproductive hormones such as prolactin, ghrelin, ovarian steroid, and pituitary gonadotrophins. While the strategic heat stress mitigation measures can restore milk production through modifications of the microclimate and nutritional interventions, the summer fertility records remain at low levels compared to those of the thermoneutral periods of the year. This is because sustainment of high fertility is a multifaceted process that requires appropriate energy balance, undisrupted mode of various hormones secretion to sustain the maturation and fertilizing competence of the oocyte, the normal development of the early embryo and unhampered maternal-embryo crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the major molecular and endocrine responses to elevated temperatures in dairy cows, as well as the impacts on maturing oocytes and early embryos, and discuss the consequences that heat stress brings about in dairy cattle fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dovolou
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41223 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Themistoklis Giannoulis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41223 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Nanas
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Georgios S. Amiridis
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
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Sajjanar B, Aalam MT, Khan O, Tanuj GN, Sahoo AP, Manjunathareddy GB, Gandham RK, Dhara SK, Gupta PK, Mishra BP, Dutt T, Singh G. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals different heat shock responses in indigenous (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) cattle. Genes Environ 2023; 45:17. [PMID: 37127630 PMCID: PMC10152620 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental heat stress in dairy cattle leads to poor health, reduced milk production and decreased reproductive efficiency. Multiple genes interact and coordinate the response to overcome the impact of heat stress. The present study identified heat shock regulated genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Genome-wide expression patterns for cellular stress response were compared between two genetically distinct groups of cattle viz., Hariana (B. indicus) and Vrindavani (B. indicus X B. taurus). In addition to major heat shock response genes, oxidative stress and immune response genes were also found to be affected by heat stress. Heat shock proteins such as HSPH1, HSPB8, FKB4, DNAJ4 and SERPINH1 were up-regulated at higher fold change in Vrindavani compared to Hariana cattle. The oxidative stress response genes (HMOX1, BNIP3, RHOB and VEGFA) and immune response genes (FSOB, GADD45B and JUN) were up-regulated in Vrindavani whereas the same were down-regulated in Hariana cattle. The enrichment analysis of dysregulated genes revealed the biological functions and signaling pathways that were affected by heat stress. Overall, these results show distinct cellular responses to heat stress in two different genetic groups of cattle. This also highlight the long-term adaptation of B. indicus (Hariana) to tropical climate as compared to the crossbred (Vrindavani) with mixed genetic makeup (B. indicus X B. taurus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohd Tanzeel Aalam
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Owais Khan
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gunturu Narasimha Tanuj
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Prasad Sahoo
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujoy K Dhara
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen K Gupta
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Veterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Physiology and Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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