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Bouville AS, Erlich G, Azoulay S, Fernandez X. Forgotten Perfumery Plants - Part I: Balm of Judea. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900506. [PMID: 31633273 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Perfumes have always been products of great importance, mainly composed of natural, valuable and vegetal raw materials. Today, some of them have completely disappeared in perfumery, even though they are part of our cultural heritage and were commonly used in the past. Balm of Judea is one of the most noble, rare and fascinating ingredient long used in perfumery and medicine, that is missing today. After years of research, we collected a resin and an essential oil (steam distillation of fresh aerial parts) from Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Chr. native from Saudi Arabia and cultivated in Israel. The aims of this study were to i) identify the main reasons of the loss of the balm of Judea, ii) characterize the volatile composition of the resin and the essential oil and iii) evaluate their olfactory profile and assess their biological activity. Eighty-three compounds were identified in the resin, by a combination of GC-MS and GC/FID techniques, using direct injection and HS-SPME. α-Pinene (24.0 %), sabinene (43.8 %), β-pinene (6.3 %) and cymene (3.6 %) were the main identified compounds, giving an intense, terpenic and lemony smell to the resin. Anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and whitening activities were highlighted. Sabinene (22.7 %), terpinen-4-ol (18.7 %), α-pinene (14.4 %) and cymene (13.6 %) were identified as the main components of the essential oil, giving a spicy, woody and lemony fragrance. Anti-inflammatory and whitening activities were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bouville
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Guy Erlich
- Kibbutz Almog, Balm of Gilead Farm, 906500, Dead Sea, Israel
| | - Stéphane Azoulay
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, 06108, Nice, France
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Dimou P, Wright RD, Budge KL, Midgley A, Satchell SC, Peak M, Beresford MW. The human glomerular endothelial cells are potent pro-inflammatory contributors in an in vitro model of lupus nephritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8348. [PMID: 31171837 PMCID: PMC6554346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile-onset lupus nephritis (LN) affects up to 80% of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients (JSLE). As the exact role of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) in LN has not been fully elucidated, the aim of this study was to investigate their involvement in LN. Conditionally immortalised human GEnCs (ciGEnCs) were treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines known to be involved in LN pathogenesis and also with LPS. Secretion and surface expression of pro-inflammatory proteins was quantified via ELISA and flow cytometry. NF-κΒ and STAT-1 activation was investigated via immunofluorescence. Serum samples from JSLE patients and from healthy controls were used to treat ciGEnCs to determine via qRT-PCR potential changes in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes. Our results identified TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-13, IFN-γ and LPS as robust in vitro stimuli of ciGEnCs. Each of them led to significantly increased production of different pro-inflammatory proteins, including; IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, sVCAM-1, MIP-1α, IP-10, GM-CSF, M-CSF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PD-L1 and ICOS-L. TNF-α and IL-1β were shown to activate NF-κB, whilst IFN-γ activated STAT-1. JSLE patient serum promoted IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression. In conclusion, our in vitro model provides evidence that human GEnCs play a pivotal role in LN-associated inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Dimou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachael D Wright
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kelly L Budge
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Midgley
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Matthew Peak
- NIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,NIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
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El-Gamal AA, Al-Massarani SM, Abdel-Mageed WM, El-Shaibany A, Al-Mahbashi HM, Basudan OA, Badria FA, Al-Said MS, Abdel-Kader MS. Prenylated flavonoids from Commiphora opobalsamum stem bark. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 141:80-85. [PMID: 28582635 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical study on the stem bark of Commiphora opobalsamum looking for cytotoxic compounds afforded eleven flavonoids, including six previously undescribed prenylated congeners, comophorin A-E, and comophoroside A. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and correlated with known compounds. Isolated compounds were biologically evaluated using in vitro cytotoxicity MTT-based assay against two cancer cell lines; namely human hepato-cellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). Comophoroside A revealed to retain the strongest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 8 and 12 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 35516, El-Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Shaza M Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Amina El-Shaibany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 33039, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Hassan M Al-Mahbashi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Omer A Basudan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 35516, El-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mansour S Al-Said
- Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged S Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Pharmacy, 11942, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Mothana RA, Al-Rehaily AJ, Schultze W. Chemical analysis and biological activity of the essential oils of two endemic Soqotri Commiphora species. Molecules 2010; 15:689-98. [PMID: 20335939 PMCID: PMC6263184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The barks of two endemic Commiphora species namely, Commiphora ornifolia (Balf.f.) Gillett and Commiphora parvifolia Engl., were collected from Soqotra Island in Yemen and their essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of both oils was investigated by GC and GC-MS. Moreover, the essential oils were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria and one yeast species by using a broth micro-dilution assay for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and for their antioxidant activity by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity. A total of 45 constituents of C. ornifolia (85.6%) and 44 constituents of C. parvifolia (87.1%) were identified. The oil of C. ornifolia was characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (56.3%), of which camphor (27.3%), α-fenchol (15.5%), fenchone (4.4%) and borneol (2.9%) were identified as the main components. High contents of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (36.1%) and aliphatic acids (22.8%) were found in C. parvifolia oil, in which caryophyllene oxide (14.2%), β-eudesmol (7.7%), bulnesol (5.7%), T-cadinol (3.7%) and hexadecanoic acid (18.4%) predominated. The results of the antimicrobial assay showed that both oils exhibited moderate to high antibacterial activity especially against Gram-positive bacteria. C. ornifolia oil was the most active. In addition, the DPPH-radical scavenging assay exhibited only weak antioxidant activities for both oils at the high concentration tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail: (A.J.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a-University, P.O. Box 33039, Sana'a, Yemen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ;
Tel.: + 9661-4677256; Fax: + 9661-4677245
| | - Adnan J. Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail: (A.J.A.)
| | - Wulf Schultze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, Hamburg-University, Bundesstr. 45, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; E-Mail: (W.S.)
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