1
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Xue P, Wang Y, Lv L, Wang D, Wang Y. Roles of Chemokines in Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:95-108. [PMID: 37976014 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intervertebral disc degeneration is the primary etiology of low back pain and radicular pain. This review examines the roles of crucial chemokines in different stages of degenerative disc disease, along with interventions targeting chemokine function to mitigate disc degeneration. RECENT FINDINGS The release of chemokines from degenerated discs facilitates the infiltration and activation of immune cells, thereby intensifying the inflammatory cascade response. The migration of immune cells into the venous lumen is concomitant with the emergence of microvascular tissue and nerve fibers. Furthermore, the presence of neurogenic factors secreted by disc cells and immune cells stimulates the activation of pain-related cation channels in the dorsal root ganglion, potentially exacerbating discogenic and neurogenic pain and intensifying the degenerative cascade response mediated by chemokines. Gaining a deeper comprehension of the functions of chemokines and immune cells in these processes involving catabolism, angiogenesis, and injury detection could offer novel therapeutic avenues for managing symptomatic disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xue
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Central Laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiujiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Long Lv
- Central Laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Central Laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China.
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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2
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Johnson CS, Cook LM. Osteoid cell-derived chemokines drive bone-metastatic prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1100585. [PMID: 37025604 PMCID: PMC10070788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in improving prostate cancer (PCa) survival is in designing new therapies to effectively target bone metastases. PCa regulation of the bone environment has been well characterized; however, bone-targeted therapies have little impact on patient survival, demonstrating a need for understanding the complexities of the tumor-bone environment. Many factors contribute to creating a favorable microenvironment for prostate tumors in bone, including cell signaling proteins produced by osteoid cells. Specifically, there has been extensive evidence from both past and recent studies that emphasize the importance of chemokine signaling in promoting PCa progression in the bone environment. Chemokine-focused strategies present promising therapeutic options for treating bone metastasis. These signaling pathways are complex, with many being produced by (and exerting effects on) a plethora of different cell types, including stromal and tumor cells of the prostate tumor-bone microenvironment. This review highlights an underappreciated molecular family that should be interrogated for treatment of bone metastatic prostate cancer (BM-PCa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Leah M. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Leah M. Cook,
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3
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Clinical significance and role of CXCL16 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis. Immunol Lett 2022; 243:28-37. [PMID: 35120907 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases. The kidney and lung are the most common and most severely affected organs. Previous studies have shown that the chemokine ligand CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 play an important role in kidney disease. However, whether CXCL16/CXCR6 is involved in the pathogenesis of AAV remains elusive. In this study, the levels of CXCL16 and its specific receptor CXCR6 were investigated. According to kidney outcome, patients were divided into two groups, specifically one with high CXCL16 levels and one with low CXCL16 levels, by cut-off values using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The clinical parameters and histological features were further compared between the two groups. The ability of CXCL16 to induce neutrophil chemotaxis was analysed using a Transwell migration assay in a coculture system of conditional immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells (ciGEnCs) and neutrophils. We observed that the levels of CXCL16 were significantly increased in the circulation, along with the expression in renal tissue of AAV patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). CXCR6 expression on neutrophils was significantly higher in patients with AAV than in HCs. There were positive correlations between the levels of CXCL16 and serum creatinine, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α and negative correlations with eGFR. The serum levels of CXCL16 could act as a predictive biomarker of renal outcome in AAV. CXCL16 secretion was upregulated in ciGEnCs treated with AAV serum. CXCL16 released from ciGEnCs contributed to neutrophil migration. Furthermore, neutrophil migration was attenuated by silencing CXCL16 expression via transfection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences and lentivirus. Taken together, these data suggest that the inhibition of the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis may provide new therapeutic strategies targeting AAV.
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4
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, Ahmad A, De Zutter A, Siddiquei MM, Blanter M, Allegaert E, Gikandi PW, De Hertogh G, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. Evaluation of Proteoforms of the Transmembrane Chemokines CXCL16 and CX3CL1, Their Receptors, and Their Processing Metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:601639. [PMID: 33552057 PMCID: PMC7854927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane chemokine pathways CXCL16/CXCR6 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 are strongly implicated in inflammation and angiogenesis. We investigated the involvement of these chemokine pathways and their processing metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the pathophysiology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Vitreous samples from 32 PDR and 24 non-diabetic patients, epiretinal membranes from 18 patients with PDR, rat retinas, human retinal Müller glial cells and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In vitro angiogenesis assays were performed and the adherence of leukocytes to CXCL16-stimulated HRMECs was assessed. CXCL16, CX3CL1, ADAM10, ADAM17 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were significantly increased in vitreous samples from PDR patients. The levels of CXCL16 were 417-fold higher than those of CX3CL1 in PDR vitreous samples. Significant positive correlations were found between the levels of VEGF and the levels of CXCL16, CX3CL1, ADAM10 and ADAM17. Significant positive correlations were detected between the numbers of blood vessels expressing CD31, reflecting the angiogenic activity of PDR epiretinal membranes, and the numbers of blood vessels and stromal cells expressing CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10 and ADAM17. CXCL16 induced upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, p65 subunit of NF-κB and VEGF in cultured Müller cells and tumor necrosis factor-α induced upregulation of soluble CXCL16 and ADAM17 in Müller cells. Treatment of HRMECs with CXCL16 resulted in increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and increased leukocyte adhesion to HRMECs. CXCL16 induced HRMEC proliferation, formation of sprouts from HRMEC spheroids and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Intravitreal administration of CXCL16 in normal rats induced significant upregulation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, VEGF and ICAM-1 in the retina. Our findings suggest that the chemokine axis CXCL16/CXCR6 and the processing metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 might serve a role in the initiation and progression of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandra De Zutter
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marfa Blanter
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Allegaert
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Shi JW, Yang HL, Fan DX, Yang SL, Qiu XM, Wang Y, Lai ZZ, Ha SY, Ruan LY, Shen HH, Zhou WJ, Li MQ. The role of CXC chemokine ligand 16 in physiological and pathological pregnancies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 83:e13223. [PMID: 31972050 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and development of a semi-allogeneic fetus during pregnancy require the involvement of a series of cytokines and immune cells. Chemokines are a type of special cytokine those were originally described as having a role in leukocyte trafficking. CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 16 is a member of the chemokine family, and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 6 is its sole receptor. Emerging evidence has shown that CXCL16/CXCR6 is expressed at the maternal-fetal interface, by cell types that include trophoblast cells, decidual stroma cells, and decidual immune cells (eg, monocytes, γδT cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells). The regulation of expression of CXCL16 is quite complex, and this process involves a multitude of factors. CXCL16 exerts a critical role in the establishment of a successful pregnancy through a series of molecular interactions at the maternal-fetal interface. However, an abnormal expression of CXCL16 is associated with certain pathological states associated with pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the present review, the expression and pleiotropic roles of CXCL16 under conditions of physiological and pathological pregnancy are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Shi
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Li Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng-Xuan Fan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Liang Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Min Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Lai
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yao Ha
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Yu Ruan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Hsu HP, Wang CY, Hsieh PY, Fang JH, Chen YL. Knockdown of serine/threonine-protein kinase 24 promotes tumorigenesis and myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion in an orthotopic immunocompetent gastric cancer animal model. J Cancer 2020; 11:213-228. [PMID: 31892988 PMCID: PMC6930401 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher incidence of gastric cancer has been found in East Asia compared to the incidence in other regions. Gastric cancer patients have a poor prognosis due to distant metastasis and advanced cancer stages. Tumor escape pathways include the expansion of the immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment. We have successfully established an orthotopic immunocompetent gastric cancer model in C57BL/6 mice. The cell line is named M12 and was deposited at the Bioresource Collection and Research Center of Taiwan on Sep. 13, 2016 (Patent No. I604054). The orthotopic animal model of gastric cancer has similar biological characteristics as human gastric cancer. Serine/threonine-protein kinase 24 (STK24) is a member of the germinal center kinase (GCK)-III family. GCKs participate in cancer and immunological disorders. The effects of STK24 in gastric cancer are less well understood. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 technology was used to induce a STK24 genetic knockout at the genomic DNA level in tumor cells. The knockdown of the STK24 gene increased the tumor growth in an orthotopic model of gastric cancer. The STK24 gene silencing in tumors induced the expansion of CD11b+Ly6C+ cells and F4/80+ macrophages in vivo. To our knowledge, we have developed the first orthotopic transplantable model of gastric cancer in syngeneic inbred mice. Our results further indicate that STK24 is important for immune regulation during the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hua Fang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,Senior Citizen Development Center, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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7
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Effects of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 α Secreted in Degenerative Intervertebral Disc on Activation and Recruitment of Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9147835. [PMID: 31827537 PMCID: PMC6885842 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9147835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) plays a significant role in mobilizing and recruiting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the sites of injury. This study investigated the potential of SDF-1α released in the degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) to activate and recruit endogenous nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells (NPSCs) for regeneration in situ. We found SDF-1α was highly expressed and secreted by the native disc cells when cultured in the proinflammatory mediators in vitro mimicking the degenerative settings. Immunohistochemical staining also showed that the expression level of SDF-1α was significantly higher in the degenerative group compared to that in the normal group. In addition to enhancement of viability, SDF-1α significantly increased the number of NPSCs migrating into the center of the nucleotomized bovine IVD ex vivo. After the systemic delivery of exogenous PKH26-labelled NPSCs into the rats in vivo, there was a significant difference in the distribution of the migrated cells between the normal and the degenerative IVDs, which might be caused by the different expression levels of SDF-1α. However, blocking CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) with AMD3100 effectively abrogated SDF-1α-stimulated proliferation and migration. Taken together, SDF-1α may be a key chemoattractant that is highly produced in response to the degenerative changes, which can be used to enhance the proliferation and recruitment of endogenous stem cells into the IVDs. These findings may be of importance for understanding IVD regenerative mechanisms and development of regenerative strategies in situ for IVD degeneration.
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8
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Gruber HE, Marrero E, Cox M, Hanley E. Interleukin-23 is constitutively expressed in the human annulus in vivo and in vitro, and is up-regulated in vitro by TNF-α. Biotech Histochem 2019; 94:540-545. [PMID: 31537133 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1577990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23, IL-23p19) is a proinflammatory cytokine in the IL-12-related family. Although inflammatory cells in herniated discs have been shown to contain IL-23, little is known about the presence and role of IL-23 in human disc cells. We analyzed disc specimens for IL-23 localization using immunohistochemistry in control, herniated and non-herniated discs from which annulus fibrosus (annulus) cells were isolated and cultured to identify IL-23 gene expression and production. Microarray analysis was used to assess the expression of IL-23 in disc tissue and in cells exposed to two proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1ß and TNF-α. IL-23 was present in annulus cells at the protein level and its expression was up-regulated significantly in herniated compared to control disc tissue. Direct measurement of medium components confirmed production of IL-23 and its receptor, IL-23R, by annulus cells in vitro. Annulus cells in three-dimensional culture exposed to TNF-α, but not IL-1ß, resulted in significant up-regulation of IL-23 expression compared to control cells. Our findings are evidence for the constitutive presence of IL-23 in the human disc and that its expression in vitro is modified by exposure to TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - E Marrero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - M Cox
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
| | - Edward Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas HealthCare System , Charlotte , NC , USA
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9
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Clouet J, Fusellier M, Camus A, Le Visage C, Guicheux J. Intervertebral disc regeneration: From cell therapy to the development of novel bioinspired endogenous repair strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:306-324. [PMID: 29705378 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), frequently associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, is a major public health concern. LBP is currently managed by pharmacological treatments and, if unsuccessful, by invasive surgical procedures, which do not counteract the degenerative process. Considering that IVD cell depletion is critical in the degenerative process, the supplementation of IVD with reparative cells, associated or not with biomaterials, has been contemplated. Recently, the discovery of reparative stem/progenitor cells in the IVD has led to increased interest in the potential of endogenous repair strategies. Recruitment of these cells by specific signals might constitute an alternative strategy to cell transplantation. Here, we review the status of cell-based therapies for treating IVD degeneration and emphasize the current concept of endogenous repair as well as future perspectives. This review also highlights the challenges of the mobilization/differentiation of reparative progenitor cells through the delivery of biologics factors to stimulate IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Clouet
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Pharmacie Centrale, PHU 11, Nantes F-44093, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Marion Fusellier
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, CRIP, National Veterinary School (ONIRIS), Nantes F-44307, France
| | - Anne Camus
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France.
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10
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Xiao Q, Zhu X, Yang S, Wang J, Yin R, Song J, Ma A, Pan X. LPS induces CXCL16 expression in HUVECs through the miR-146a-mediated TLR4 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:143-149. [PMID: 30710793 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation characterizes the early stages of atherosclerosis. CXCL16 is a protein that functions as both a chemokine and adhesion molecule, playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, it is uncertain if LPS, a major inducer of inflammation, affects CXCL16 expression in endothelial cells and whether miR-146a, a negative regulator of atherosclerosis, participates in this process. The present study showed that exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to LPS induced the overexpression of CXCL16, TLR4 and NF-κB, and this induction was blocked by the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. In addition, LPS induced the upregulation of miR-146a in HUVECs. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-146a either inhibited or increased the LPS-induced expression CXCL16, TLR4 and NF-κB protein production, respectively. Additionally, miR-146a-induced CXCL16 expression was blocked by TAK-242. Thus, in this study, we demonstrate that LPS stimulates CXCL16 expression via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and simultaneously, miR-146 negatively regulates LPS-induced CXCL16 expression through a TLR4-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Shaonan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Ruihua Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Jinyang Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China.
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China.
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11
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Hao Y, Li Y, Li H, Lyu M, Zhang D, Fu R, Guan Y, Wang S, Sun B, Dou X, Zhang L, Yang R. Increased plasma sCXCL16 levels may have a relationship with Th1/Th2 imbalance in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Cytokine 2017; 99:124-131. [PMID: 28886489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disease of autoimmunity in which there are Th1/Th2 imbalance and disordered cytokine profiles. CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) was proved to implicate in some autoimmune diseases. Our research aimed to determine plasma soluble CXCL16 (sCXCL16) levels and its effects in ITP. We used ELISA to measure plasma sCXCL16, IFN-γ and IL-4 and flow cytometry to determine expression of CXCR6 on lymphocyte subsets. We used real-time PCR to detect the CXCL16 and CXCR6 mRNA expression. Additionally, plasma sCXCL16, CXCL16 and CXCR6 mRNA levels of 8 patients were monitored before and after treatment. We found that patients with active ITP had higher circulating sCXCL16 in plasma than healthy controls and patients in remission. Meanwhile, negative relationships between sCXCL16 and platelet count, IL-4 and positive relationships between sCXCL16 and IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were observed. Besides, expression of CXCR6 on lymphocyte subsets and mRNA levels of CXCL16 and CXCR6 were all increased in active ITP. Additionally, plasma sCXCL16 and IFN-γ levels and CXCR6 mRNA expression were down-regulated after effective treatment compared with those before treatment. Thus, increased plasma sCXCL16 might be implicated in the pathogenesis of ITP and have a relationship with Th1/Th2 imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Mingen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Yue Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Boyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Xueqing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China.
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