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Lemos-Santos P, Blumrich L, Debia JB, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Suen PJC, Malbergier A. Drug use among medical students in São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional study during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 142:e2022493. [PMID: 37703121 PMCID: PMC10495101 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0493.r1.150623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students demonstrate higher rates of substance use than other university students and the general population. The challenges imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised significant concerns about mental health and substance use. OBJECTIVES Assess the current prevalence of substance use among medical students at the University of São Paulo and evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug consumption. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study was conducted on 275 medical students from the University of São Paulo Medical School (São Paulo, Brazil) in August 2020. METHODS Substance use (lifetime, previous 12 months, and frequency of use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic) and socioeconomic data were assessed using an online self-administered questionnaire. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. RESULTS Alcohol was the most consumed substance in their lifetime (95.6%), followed by illicit drugs (61.1%), marijuana (60%), and tobacco (57.5%). The most commonly consumed substances in the previous year were alcohol (82.9%), illicit drugs (44.7%), marijuana (42.5%), and tobacco (36%). Students in the first two academic years consumed fewer substances than those from higher years. There was a decreasing trend in the prevalence of most substances used after the COVID-19 pandemic among sporadic users. However, frequent users maintained their drug use patterns. CONCLUSION The prevalence of substance use was high in this population and increased from the basic to the clinical cycle. The COVID-19 pandemic may have affected the frequency of drug use and prevalence estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lemos-Santos
- Undergraduate Student, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Lukas Blumrich
- Undergraduate Student, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Doctoral Student, Department of
Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São
Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Jordi Blanes Debia
- Undergraduate Student, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade
de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- PhD, Postgraduate Sponsor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade
de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil;
Assistant (Aux.) Professor, Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitário
Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André (SP), Brazil
| | - Paulo Jeng Chian Suen
- Undergraduate Student, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Doctoral Student, Department of
Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São
Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - André Malbergier
- PhD, General Coordinator, Interdisciplinary Group of Studies on
Alcohol and Drugs (GREA), Institute of Psychiatry (IPq), Hospital das Clínicas
da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Collaborating
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Nguyen TTH, Sendall MC, White KM, Young RM. Changes in alcohol-related perceptions and behavior among Vietnamese early career doctors after graduation. Work 2022; 74:1015-1026. [PMID: 36463472 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vietnamese medical students believe becoming “strong” drinkers is important for their future careers working as doctors. However, it is unclear if this is a temporary behaviour associated with life as a student, or a phenomenon associated with the transition to working as a medical practitioner. OBJECTIVE: This study explored changes in alcohol-related perceptions and behaviour among Vietnamese early career doctors working after graduation. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Vietnamese early career doctors in Hanoi city. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. RESULTS: Vietnamese early career doctors perceived binge drinking as common among doctors, especially male doctors, surgeons, and preventive medicine doctors. This perception was different from when they were medical students because, at that time, they believed doctors would not drink alcohol at hazardous levels. Additionally, Vietnamese early career doctors’ drinking behaviour changed in the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption after graduation due to peer pressure, job stress, working collaborations, and working environment. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnamese early career doctors changed their alcohol-related perceptions and behaviour after graduation. Gender, mental health (stress), factors related to the working environment, and the role of professional relationships should be considered in strategies to reduce risky alcohol consumption among Vietnamese early career doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- Department of Communicable Diseases Control, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marguerite C. Sendall
- Health Promotion, Qatar University, Dohar, Qatar; School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine M. White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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McGurgan P, Calvert K, Nathan E, Celenza A, Jorm C. Opinions towards Medical Students' Self-Care and Substance Use Dilemmas-A Future Concern despite a Positive Generational Effect? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13289. [PMID: 36293870 PMCID: PMC9603267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examines demographic factors which may influence opinions concerning medical students' self-care and substance use behaviors as a means of providing insights into how future doctors view these issues compared to Australian doctors and members of the public. We conducted national, multicenter, prospective, on-line cross-sectional surveys using hypothetical scenarios to three cohorts- Australian medical students, medical doctors, and the public. Participants' responses were compared for the different contextual variables within the scenarios and the participants' demographic characteristics. In total 2602 medical students, 809 doctors and 503 members of the public participated. Compared with doctors and the public, medical students were least tolerant of alcohol intoxication, and most tolerant of using stimulants to assist with study, and cannabis for anxiety. Doctor respondents more often aligned with the public's opinions on the acceptability of the medical students' behaviors. Although opinions are not equivalent to behaviour, Australian students' views on the acceptability for cannabis to help manage anxiety, and inappropriate use of prescription-only drugs are concerning; these future doctors will be responsible for prescribing drugs and managing patients with substance abuse problems. However, if current Australian medical student's opinions on alcohol misuse persist, one of the commonest substance addictions amongst doctors may decrease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McGurgan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Nathan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Antonio Celenza
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Christine Jorm
- Health and Medical Research Office, Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra 2601, Australia
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Chawłowska E, Staszewski R, Zawiejska A, Giernaś B, Domaradzki J. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Health Behaviours and the Literacy of Future Healthcare Professionals. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1723. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our everyday behaviours in life can positively and negatively impact our health, thus cumulatively shaping our lifestyles as more or less healthy. These behaviours are often determined by our knowledge, literacy, motivations and socioeconomic backgrounds. The authors aimed to assess health behaviours and explore variables that may affect persons studying to become future healthcare professionals in Poland. This study was conducted with a group of 275 undergraduate students attending the Poznan University of Medical Sciences representing six different majors of study. We used self-reported, cross-sectional survey conducted through the use of a questionnaire that consisted of one standardised scale (Juczyński’s Health Behaviour Inventory) as well as a self-developed health literacy measure. The students showed average to high levels of health-promoting behaviours (mean HBI = 82.04 ± 11.26). Medium to strong associations were found between these behaviours and high scores on the health literacy scale (p = 0.001, r = 0.45 between total scores of the two scales). Dietetics students and female respondents scored significantly better on both scales, which suggests that their self-reported behaviours and health literacy were higher than those of other participants. Exhibiting health-protective behaviours and high health literacy is likely to result in the better individual health of our respondents, but, more importantly, will also influence their future professions. As members of the healthcare workforce they will be responsible for the health of the population and it is crucial for them not only to provide care, education, and guidance, but also to act as role-models for their patients and society.
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Chawłowska E, Staszewski R, Zawiejska A, Giernaś B, Domaradzki J. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Health Behaviours and the Literacy of Future Healthcare Professionals. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091723. [PMID: 36141335 PMCID: PMC9498724 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our everyday behaviours in life can positively and negatively impact our health, thus cumulatively shaping our lifestyles as more or less healthy. These behaviours are often determined by our knowledge, literacy, motivations and socioeconomic backgrounds. The authors aimed to assess health behaviours and explore variables that may affect persons studying to become future healthcare professionals in Poland. This study was conducted with a group of 275 undergraduate students attending the Poznan University of Medical Sciences representing six different majors of study. We used self-reported, cross-sectional survey conducted through the use of a questionnaire that consisted of one standardised scale (Juczyński’s Health Behaviour Inventory) as well as a self-developed health literacy measure. The students showed average to high levels of health-promoting behaviours (mean HBI = 82.04 ± 11.26). Medium to strong associations were found between these behaviours and high scores on the health literacy scale (p = 0.001, r = 0.45 between total scores of the two scales). Dietetics students and female respondents scored significantly better on both scales, which suggests that their self-reported behaviours and health literacy were higher than those of other participants. Exhibiting health-protective behaviours and high health literacy is likely to result in the better individual health of our respondents, but, more importantly, will also influence their future professions. As members of the healthcare workforce they will be responsible for the health of the population and it is crucial for them not only to provide care, education, and guidance, but also to act as role-models for their patients and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Chawłowska
- Laboratory of International Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-607-323-211; Fax: +48-618-546-575
| | - Rafał Staszewski
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawiejska
- Department of Medical Simulation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogusz Giernaś
- Laboratory of International Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Domaradzki
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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Scapim JPR, Fernandes RDCP, Fortes DA, Cunha CM. Tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e os fatores associados em estudantes de medicina. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivos Descrever a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre estudantes de Medicina. Estimar a prevalência de tabagismo. Métodos Corte transversal com questionário autoaplicado a todos os estudantes de Medicina de uma universidade pública na Bahia (n = 616), matriculados do primeiro ao oitavo semestre. Análise multivariada por meio de Regressão de Cox identificou os fatores associados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas, por meio de três desfechos: presença e frequência de uso e o padrão de uso denominado binge drinking. Resultados Foram estudados 556 estudantes (90,2% de resposta), entre os quais 58,7% bebem, 21% consomem álcool com uma frequência de pelo menos uma vez por semana e 36% fazem binge drinking. O público masculino e os mais ativos fisicamente no lazer apresentaram maiores prevalências de uso de bebidas alcoólicas, seja pela maior frequência de uso ou uso de mais doses em uma ocasião. Variáveis escolares se associaram a uma ou outra modalidade de mensuração do uso de álcool. A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 4,8%. Conclusão O uso de bebidas alcoólicas e seu padrão de consumo foram altos na população estudada, consistente com outras populações de estudantes já investigadas. A baixa prevalência de tabagismo é consistente com a literatura, que admite o êxito de políticas públicas destinadas ao controle desse consumo no Brasil.
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Kassim S. The impact of protective psychosocial factors on khat chewing among male medical and dental future health-care providers in Yemen. J Dent Sci 2020; 15:451-456. [PMID: 33505616 PMCID: PMC7816017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Khat chewing, a green leaf with amphetamine effects, is a public health concern. Yet, it is prevalent and evident, in the khat belt region, among male students in health faculties. This study aimed to examine whether psychosocial factors have a protective impact on khat chewing among male dental and medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study included all students (1457) in second year and above at a Yemeni university. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic data and to assess students' psychosocial characteristics namely, depression, resilience and social support (perceived or received [living with or away from family]). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression modelling. RESULTS The response rate was 61% (male = 334, female = 547) and the responding students' mean ± SD age was 22.95 ± 1.56 years. Of the respondents 185 (21% [95%CI = 18%-24%]) were current khat chewers (7 [4%] females and 178 [96%] males respectively). In the adjusted model, among male students living away from family was significantly associated with khat chewing (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 3.15,95%CI = 1.96-5.07, p < 0.001) and perceived social support was inversely significantly related to khat chewing (AOR = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.96-1.00; p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Within the limitation of the study of a single institute, social support whether received (living with family) or perceived appeared to be a protective factor from khat chewing among male medical and dental students. Social support should be enhanced and targeted to discourage khat chewing during the preparation of this future health care force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Kassim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Taibah University Dental College & Hospital, Naif Ibn Abdulaziz Road, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, 42353, Saudi Arabia
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Affective Temperament Traits and Age-Predicted Recreational Cannabis Use in Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134836. [PMID: 32635595 PMCID: PMC7369870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of cannabis among college students is increasing. Cannabis abuse has been proposed to be associated with personality dimensions. However, there are currently no known studies on the relationship of temperament traits and recreational cannabis use among college students. This is a cross-sectional study that investigated 328 students at a Podiatric Medical College. We evaluated the association between temperament and recreational cannabis use by the students. Temperament was investigated using the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto- Questionnaire (TEMPS-A (short version)). Additionally, we assessed demographics variables and perceived stress in the context of cannabis use, and analyzed the findings using logistic regression. The prevalence of recreational cannabis use was 8.45%. Recreational cannabis use among these students was highly associated with irritable and cyclothymic temperament traits. There was no association between recreational cannabis use and perceived stress, and demographic variables or other substance use. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that higher scores in cyclothymic or irritable temperament traits are significant predictors for recreational cannabis use. Our study has identified key temperament traits, with a strong association with recreational use of cannabis of the studied student population. Our findings are useful in designing screening and educational strategies directed towards increasing the wellbeing of medical students.
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Delgado-Lobete L, Montes-Montes R, Vila-Paz A, Cruz-Valiño JM, Gándara-Gafo B, Talavera-Valverde MÁ, Santos-del-Riego S. Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Abuse and Illegal Drug Consumption in University Students: A Mediating Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3019. [PMID: 32349213 PMCID: PMC7246518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is a major and prevalent public health concern among university students. Tobacco smoking, risky alcohol behavior, and illegal drug consumption may lead to health problems and behavioral and academic issues. Several individual and environmental factors associate with substance abuse in this population, and the mediating effect of alcohol abuse in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug consumption is yet to be explored. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association of individual and environmental factors and substance use, and to analyze the relationship between tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug consumption, considering alcohol abuse as a possible mediator. A total of 550 Spanish undergraduate and postgraduate students completed several questionnaires regarding their smoking status, alcohol use, and drug consumption during the last six months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between factors. Direct, indirect and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that substance abuse is associated with being male, living with other students, and combined substance consumption. PLS-SEM showed a significant effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse on drug consumption. Alcohol abuse plays a mediating role in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rebeca Montes-Montes
- TALIONIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alba Vila-Paz
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Cruz-Valiño
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Institute for Oral Implantology and Rehabilitation of A Coruña (Instituto Coruñés de Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral-ICIRO), 15007 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Berta Gándara-Gafo
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel-Ángel Talavera-Valverde
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sergio Santos-del-Riego
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- UDC Saudable, Health Promotion Department of University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain
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Nguyen TTH, Sendall MC, Young RM, White KM. Binge drinking among male medical students in Viet Nam: a qualitative exploration of norms. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 20:543-558. [PMID: 31596186 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2019.1670768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a commonly used substance among Vietnamese medical students, especially males. Vietnamese male medical students drink more alcohol, report more intentions to binge drink, and experience more alcohol-related problems than females. As medical students' alcohol consumption may influence their attitudes and medical practice relating to alcohol counseling and prevention, research about the cultural and drinking norms underlying the drinking behavior of Vietnamese male medical students is warranted. This study aims to explore the norms underlying drinking behavior of Vietnamese male medical students. A qualitative study including 32 in-depth interviews with Vietnamese male medical students at a medical university. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. This study found Vietnamese male medical students considered alcohol consumption as a way to show their masculinity and become accepted by groups. Given these beliefs and adherence to norms, they followed rules to force others to consume more alcohol or be intoxicated in drinking occasions among medical students. This study showed the importance of gender and group norms in influencing Vietnamese male medical students' alcohol consumption. These norms should be considered in future research and interventions addressing alcohol use among this target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Australia
| | - Marguerite C Sendall
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Australia
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Alcohol and Cannabis Intake in Nursing Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100628. [PMID: 31554263 PMCID: PMC6843613 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Drug misuse among young people has become a major worldwide health concern. The present study analyzes substance misuse and its social and personal consequences in young university students. Materials and Methods: Screening of alcohol misuse was based on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), while screening of substance-related risks and problems was performed with the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) score. Results: The population was composed of nursing students at the University of Valencia (Valencia, Spain) (n = 185). More than 50% of the surveyed students reported alcohol intake based on the CRAFFT scale; 31.4% were classified as having “risky alcohol use”, and 19.5% met the criterion for hazardous drinking based on the AUDIT score. In turn, 34.1% of the sample reported marijuana/hashish intake based on the CRAFFT scale. A gender effect was only observed for marijuana/hashish use, which was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in male students. No other gender differences were observed. In the logistic regression analysis, only age was identified as a protective factor for obtaining a reduced risk score with both the AUDIT and the CRAFFT. Among the social and personal consequences of drug misuse, the inability to “stop drinking once you have started” or the inability to “remember what happened while consuming” was significantly associated with an increased frequency of alcohol consumption (OR 20.93, p < 0.0001 and OR 13.68, p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with emerging social concerns about drug misuse in the university population, including nursing students as future healthcare professionals.
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Nguyen TTH, White KM, Sendall MC, Young RM. Patterns of drinking alcohol and intentions to binge drink among medical students in Vietnam. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:447-459. [PMID: 31168575 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is common among Vietnamese students. Previous qualitative findings showed Vietnamese medical students believed they were not binge drinkers while reporting many binge drinking occasions they participated in or witnessed. This dichotomy warrants examination. This study aims to establish drinking patterns and examine the factors underlying Vietnamese medical students' binge drinking intention and behaviour. This study used a prospective-correlational design, with two waves of data collection, drawing from established health behaviour models. At Time 1, 206 students completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the standard Theory of Planned Behaviour measures (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) and their underlying beliefs, as well as group norm, role identity, drinking culture and past binge drinking behaviour. At Time 2, 156 medical students reported their binge drinking behaviour 2 weeks later. Only 6.8% of participants were classified as problematic drinkers and few participants reported binge drinking occasions at the 2-week follow-up. Perceived behavioural control, friends' group norms, role identity as future doctors, and past behaviour significantly predicted binge drinking intentions and key beliefs were identified. This study indicated Vietnamese medical students' limited engagement with binge drinking and identified key factors to address for those with risky drinking behaviour intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- School of Psychology and Counselling and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Marguerite C Sendall
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Ross McD Young
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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Palma-Álvarez RF, Rodríguez-Cintas L, Abad AC, Sorribes M, Ros-Cucurull E, Robles-Martínez M, Grau-López L, Aguilar L, Roncero C. Mood Disorders and Severity of Addiction in Alcohol-Dependent Patients Could Be Mediated by Sex Differences. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:343. [PMID: 31214056 PMCID: PMC6554686 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol dependence is highly prevalent in the general population; some differences in alcohol use and dependence between women and men have been described, including outcomes and ranging from biological to social variables. This study aims to compare the severity of alcohol dependence with clinical and psychopathological characteristics between sexes. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in alcohol-dependent outpatients; the recruitment period was 7 years. The assessment of these patients was carried out by obtaining sociodemographic characteristics and using the Semi-structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and II (SCID-I and SCID-II), European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales. Variables were compared and analyzed. Results: The sample was composed of 178 patients (74.2% males and 25.8% females) with a mean age of 46.52 ± 9.86. No sociodemographic differences were found between men and women. Females had a higher rate of suicide attempts and depression symptoms at the treatment onset. When results of EuropASI were compared, females had worse psychological and employment results than males. According to consumption variables, males had an earlier onset of alcohol use, had more regular alcohol use, and develop alcohol dependence earlier than females. Conclusions: According to results, there are sex-dependent differences (severity and other variables such as mood or suicide) in alcohol dependence. Thus, this may implicate the need of future specific research and treatment programs based on the specific necessities of each sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul F Palma-Álvarez
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònomade Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rodríguez-Cintas
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònomade Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso C Abad
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sorribes
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ros-Cucurull
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònomade Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lara Grau-López
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Public Health Agency, Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònomade Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Aguilar
- Psychiatry Service, Salamanca University Health Care Complex, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Psychiatry Service, Salamanca University Health Care Complex, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Papazisis G, Siafis S, Tsakiridis I, Koulas I, Dagklis T, Kouvelas D. Prevalence of Cannabis Use Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Subst Abuse 2018; 12:1178221818805977. [PMID: 30349282 PMCID: PMC6194916 DOI: 10.1177/1178221818805977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabis is reported to be the most common illicit substance used among medical students; however, the number of related studies is limited and their results are not systematically reviewed. The aim of our study was to analyze the prevalence of lifetime and current use of cannabis among medical students worldwide. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed with adherence to the PRISMA guidelines. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library were searched for studies on the prevalence of cannabis use among medical students. Prevalence of lifetime, past-year, and past-month cannabis use was extracted. Pooled prevalence and relative risk for sex were calculated using the random effects model and subgroup analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 38 observational (cross-sectional and cohort) studies were included (total number of participants 19 932), and most of them were conducted in Europe, Central and Southern America, and the United States. Overall pooled prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 31.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.7%-39.6%), past-year use was 17.2% (95% CI: 10.8%-24.6%), and past-month use was 8.8% (95% CI: 5.6%-12.5%). Men displayed higher rates of cannabis use with a pooled relative risk of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.32-1.81). Heterogeneity was high (I 2 > 75%) and there were differences among continents in all outcomes (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, 1 in 3 medical students has used cannabis, whereas 8.8% were current users. Significant differences among continents were observed, but common finding was that male students tend to consume cannabis more often than female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papazisis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon Siafis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsakiridis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Koulas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Dagklis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouvelas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Papazisis G, Tsakiridis I, Siafis S. Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs among Medical Students and the Relationship With Illicit Drug, Tobacco, and Alcohol Use. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2018; 12:1178221818802298. [PMID: 30262985 PMCID: PMC6149012 DOI: 10.1177/1178221818802298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonmedical use of prescription medications is a growing health problem
including not only the opioid painkiller overdose epidemic but also
benzodiazepine and stimulants misuse. Medical students express
considerable high percentages of prescription drug misuse but also of
illicit drug use, with cannabis being the frequently used illicit
drug. We report the final results of a cross-sectional study among
medical students that examined prevalence and motivation for use and
suggest that medical students display similar patterns of misuse, for
both licit and illicit drugs, to other students. Furthermore, a
correlation was found between illicit drugs use with tranquilizers
misuse and between smoking and alcohol misuse with opioids, sleeping
drugs, and stimulants use. Considering that substance use during
medical school affects students’ personal and professional lives and
has potential consequences for their patients, further studies are
needed to elucidate the prevalence but also the motivation for that
use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papazisis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsakiridis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon Siafis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Candido FJ, Souza R, Stumpf MA, Fernandes LG, Veiga R, Santin M, Kluthcovsky A. The use of drugs and medical students: a literature review. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018; 64:462-468. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.05.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The consumption and abuse of alcohol and other drugs are increasingly present in the lives of university students and may already be considered a public health problem because of the direct impacts on the physical and mental health of these individuals. The requirements of the medical program play a vital role in the increasing rate of drug users. OBJECTIVES To carry out a systematic review of the literature on the use of drugs, licit or not, in Brazilian medical students. METHODS A descriptive-exploratory study, in which the SciELO and MEDLINE databases were used. A total of 99 articles were found, of which 16 were selected for this review. RESULTS Alcohol and tobacco were the most frequently used licit drugs among medical students. The most consumed illicit drugs were marijuana, solvents, “lança-perfume” (ether spray), and anxiolytics. The male genre presented a tendency of consuming more significant amounts of all kinds of drugs, with the exception of tranquilizers. It was found an increasing prevalence of drug consumption in medical students, as the program progressed, which may result from the intrinsic stress from medical school activities. Students who do not use psychoactive drugs are more likely to live with their parents, to disapprove drugs consumption, to practice religious beliefs and to be employed. Conclusion The prevalence of licit and illicit drug use among medical students is high, even though they understand the injuries it may cause.
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Papazisis G, Tsakiridis I, Pourzitaki C, Apostolidou E, Spachos D, Kouvelas D. Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications Among Medical Students in Greece: Prevalence of and Motivation for Use. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:77-85. [PMID: 28777681 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1325373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-medical use of prescription medications has risen to unprecedented levels over the past decade worldwide; however, studies assessing misuse across medical students are sparse. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to1) estimate the lifetime and the past-year prevalence of non-medical use of prescription medications among medical students in Greece 2) identify the motivation for use. METHODS 591 medical students completed an anonymous, self-administered, web-based survey assessing lifetime and past-year prevalence of non-medical use of four classes of prescription drugs (opioid painkillers, tranquillizers, sleeping and stimulant medications). According to the motivation to use the responders were classified into three subtypes (selftreatment, recreational, and mixed). RESULTS The prevalence of lifetime use was 10.7% for at least one of the four prescription drug classes and 9% of the respondents reported lifetime misuse of multiple categories of prescription drugs. The past-year prevalence was approximately 7.7% for at least one of the four prescription drug classes, while the majority misused the drugs "1-2 times per year". Senior students used tranquilizers more than junior students. Self-treatment and mixed subtypes of tranquillizers misuse was more prevalent among women than men while the self-treatment subtype was the most prevalent subtype in all the four drug classes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study investigating non-medical use of prescription medications among Greek medical students and indicates a high prevalence of misuse of some categories of prescription drugs, mostly for self-treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papazisis
- a Department of Pharmacology/Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsakiridis
- b 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Chryssa Pourzitaki
- a Department of Pharmacology/Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Eirini Apostolidou
- a Department of Pharmacology/Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Spachos
- c Laboratory of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouvelas
- a Department of Pharmacology/Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
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Marín-Navarrete R, Tena-Suck A, Pérez-López A, Ambriz-Figueroa AK, Larios-Chávez L, Montes de Oca S. Development of a Psychoeducational Intervention for Community-Based Care Facilities to Substance Use Disorders in Mexico. Int J Ment Health Addict 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-017-9797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Homicide is overwhelmingly committed by men compared to women. Conservative estimates suggest that more than a third of these individuals have a treatable psychiatric disorder. These data present an opportunity to mental health clinicians to assist in the prevention of homicide by improving men's mental health. METHODS We review the current literature on men's mental health with a focus on assessing and reducing homicide risk in men with psychiatric conditions. RESULTS Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia appear to share a neural endophenotype that is a risk factor for homicide. Dual disorders, or the presence of a substance use disorder with other major mental illness, are a major risk factor for homicide in males. Dual diagnosis disorders, personality disorders and pathological traits and male depression share emotion dysregulation, irritability, and reactive aggression. Promoting physician education, addressing firearm safety, reducing the reluctance of men relative to women to engage in help-seeking behaviour, and using targeted risk interviews which integrate these data are all currently recommended. CONCLUSIONS The main focus in prevention of homicidal behaviour in males with psychiatric disorders should be to identify high risk groups, to provide adequate treatment, and to facilitate compliance with long-term treatment while considering male specific problems and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sher
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , USA
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