Casimir Interactions and Instability of Thin Nematic Films

Forces in nematic liquid crystals constrained to the nanometer scale under hybrid anchoring conditions

Using a surface forces apparatus we have studied two thermotropic nematic liquid crystals (5CB and ME10.5) subjected to hybrid (homeotropic/planar) anchoring conditions. A film of nematic material is constrained between two curved smooth surfaces separated by less than 2500 A . The intersurface force is nonmonotonic with the separation, being repulsive for thicknesses larger than approximately 100 A and strongly adhesive at a shorter scale. While the repulsion can be qualitatively explained by an elastic model of director deformation, including anchoring deviation at the boundaries, the attraction cannot be explained either by elasticity or by dispersive forces. The expected confinement-induced anchoring transition has not been observed for a thickness as small as 200 A .

Pseudo-Casimir force in chiral smectic liquid crystals

We present a theoretical study of the pseudo-Casimir force in two chiral smectic systems: a homeotropic cell and a free-standing film. We consider the interaction induced by the fluctuations of orientational order. We demonstrate how the character of the force depends on the type of fluctuation modes and on boundary conditions. We focus on the temperature dependence of the force, which is marked by the vicinity of the smectic-A*-->smectic-C* phase transition. We find that at this transition the force diverges if the system is frustrated; otherwise it remains finite. We expose the analogy between the force in these smectic systems and in previously studied nematic systems, thus demonstrating the universality of the pseudo-Casimir interaction.