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Ahmad M, Grayson SM. Understanding zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization through mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38556789 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization (ZREP) is a polymerization method in which a cyclic monomer is converted into a cyclic polymer through a zwitterionic intermediate. In this review, we explored the ZREP of various cyclic polymers and how mass spectrometry assists in identifying the product architectures and understanding their intricate reaction mechanism. For the majority of polymers (from a few thousand to a few million Da) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is the most effective mass spectrometry technique to determine the true molecular weight (MW) of the resultant product, but only when the dispersity is low (approximately below 1.2). The key topics covered in this study were the ZREP of cyclic polyesters, cyclic polyamides, and cyclic ethers. In addition, this study also addresses a number of other preliminary topics, including the ZREP of cyclic polycarbonates, cyclic polysiloxanes, and cyclic poly(alkylene phosphates). The purity and efficiency of those syntheses largely depend on the catalyst. Among several catalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes have exhibited high efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic polyesters and polyamides, whereas tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] is the most optimal catalyst for cyclic polyether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahi Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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2
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Shi Q, Chen Y, Yang J, Yang J. Ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly (ROPISA) of salicylic acid o-carboxyanhydride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11390-11393. [PMID: 34647932 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here is the first report on polyester-based nanocarriers fabricated via the ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly (ROPISA) of salicylic acid o-carboxyanhydride (SAOCA). This ROPISA process affords well-defined diblock copolymers that interestingly form an original cylindrical morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yibing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Junjiao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Yang PB, Davidson MG, Edler KJ, Brown S. Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Bio-Based Cyclic Aliphatic Polyesters. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3649-3667. [PMID: 34415743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers have long been reported in the literature, but their development has often been stunted by synthetic difficulties such as the presence of linear contaminants. Research into the synthesis of these polymers has made great progress in the past decade, and this review covers the synthesis, properties, and applications of cyclic polymers, with an emphasis on bio-based aliphatic polyesters. Synthetic routes to cyclic polymers synthesized from bioderived monomers, alongside mechanistic descriptions for both ring closure and ring expansion polymerization approaches, are reviewed. The review also highlights some of the unique physical properties of cyclic polymers together with potential applications. The findings illustrate the substantial recent developments made in the syntheses of cyclic polymers, as well as the progress which can be made in the commercialization of bio-based polymers through the versatility this topology provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Yang
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | | | - Karen J Edler
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | - Steven Brown
- Scott Bader, Wollaston, Wellingborough, NN29 7RJ, United Kingdom
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Han S, Yao S, Meng W, Yang J. Rapid, controlled ring-opening polymerization of salicylic acid o-carboxyanhydride for poly(salicylate) synthesis. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01309b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fast synthesis pathway of poly(salicylate) in mild conditions was explored, in which the combination of Lewis base and alcohol enables salicylic acid o-carboxyanhydride polymerize in seconds to afford well-defined hompolymers with high Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shiman Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Kricheldorf HR, Weidner SM. The Ring-Opening Polymerization-Polycondensation (ROPPOC) Approach to Cyclic Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000152. [PMID: 32462747 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new concept called ring-opening polymerization-polycondensation (ROPPOC) is presented and discussed. This synthetic strategy is based on the intermediate formation of chains having two end groups that can react with each other. The ROPPOC syntheses are subdivided into three groups according to the nature of the chain ends: two ionic end groups, one ionic and one covalent chain end, and a combination of two reactive covalent end groups may be involved, depending on the catalyst. The usefulness for the preparation of cyclic polymers is discussed with a review of numerous previously published examples. These examples concern the following classes of cyclic polymers: polypeptides, polyamides, and polyesters, including polycarbonates and cyclic polysiloxanes. It is demonstrated that the results of certain ROPPOC syntheses are in contradiction to the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory. Finally, the usefulness of ROPPOCs for the detection of polydisperse catenanes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans R Kricheldorf
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, Hamburg, D-20146, Germany
| | - Steffen M Weidner
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin, D-12489, Germany
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Kricheldorf HR, Weidner SM. Cyclic poly(l-lactide)s via simultaneous ROP and polycondensation (ROPPOC) catalyzed by dibutyltin phenoxides. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martí-Centelles V, Pandey MD, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Macrocyclization Reactions: The Importance of Conformational, Configurational, and Template-Induced Preorganization. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8736-834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrituanjay D. Pandey
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen M. Weidner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12489 Berlin, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, 33 Chemistry, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Sarah Trimpin
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), D-12489 Berlin, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, 33 Chemistry, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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