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Casadidio C, Hartman JEM, Mesquita B, Haegebaert R, Remaut K, Neumann M, Hak J, Censi R, Di Martino P, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Effect of Polyplex Size on Penetration into Tumor Spheroids. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5515-5531. [PMID: 37811785 PMCID: PMC10630948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers in the world. In recent years, nucleic acid (NA)-based formulations have been shown to be promising treatments for ovarian cancer, including tumor nodules. However, gene therapy is not that far advanced in clinical reality due to unfavorable physicochemical properties of the NAs, such as high molecular weight, poor cellular uptake, rapid degradation by nucleases, etc. One of the strategies used to overcome these drawbacks is the complexation of anionic NAs via electrostatic interactions with cationic polymers, resulting in the formation of so-called polyplexes. In this work, the role of the size of pDNA and siRNA polyplexes on their penetration into ovarian-cancer-based tumor spheroids was investigated. For this, a methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (mPEG-pDMAEMA) diblock copolymer was synthesized as a polymeric carrier for NA binding and condensation with either plasmid DNA (pDNA) or short interfering RNA (siRNA). When prepared in HEPES buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4) at a nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) charge ratio of 5 and pDNA polyplexes were formed with a size of 162 ± 11 nm, while siRNA-based polyplexes displayed a size of 25 ± 2 nm. The polyplexes had a slightly positive zeta potential of +7-8 mV in the same buffer. SiRNA and pDNA polyplexes were tracked in vitro into tumor spheroids, resembling in vivo avascular ovarian tumor nodules. For this purpose, reproducible spheroids were obtained by coculturing ovarian carcinoma cells with primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts in different ratios (5:2, 1:1, and 2:5). Penetration studies revealed that after 24 h of incubation, siRNA polyplexes were able to penetrate deeper into the homospheroids (composed of only cancer cells) and heterospheroids (cancer cells cocultured with fibroblasts) compared to pDNA polyplexes which were mainly located in the rim. The penetration of the polyplexes was slowed when increasing the fraction of fibroblasts present in the spheroids. Furthermore, in the presence of serum siRNA polyplexes encoding for luciferase showed a high cellular uptake in 2D cells resulting in ∼50% silencing of luciferase expression. Taken together, these findings show that self-assembled small siRNA polyplexes have good potential as a platform to test ovarian tumor nodulus penetration..
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casadidio
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery Division, University
of Camerino, CHiP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Jet E. M. Hartman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bárbara
S. Mesquita
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ragna Haegebaert
- Laboratory
of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory
of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Neumann
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaimie Hak
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Censi
- School
of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery Division, University
of Camerino, CHiP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
- Recusol
Srl, Via del Bastione
16, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Piera Di Martino
- Department
of Pharmacy, “G. D’Annunzio”
University of Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 1, 66100 Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Recusol
Srl, Via del Bastione
16, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Synthesis and characterization of poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate]-graft-poly(2-vinylpyridine) comb-type graft copolymer using the "grafting through" by free radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Synthesis of Biobased Block Copolymers Using A Novel Methacrylated Methyl Salicylate and Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate). ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of poly(ɛ-caprolactone-b-acryloyl chloride-g-vinyl chloride) ladder-type copolymer by "click" chemistry. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Savaş B, Çatıker E, Öztürk T, Meyvacı E. Synthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate-g-α-methyl-β-alanine) copolymer using "Grafting Through" method. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Öztürk T, Yörümez C. Synthesis of block copolymer including polyepichlorohydrin and polyethylene glycol by “click” chemistry: evaluation of primary parameters of copolymerization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Çatıker E, Öztürk T, Atakay M, Salih B. Synthesis and characterization of the ABA-type poly(ester-ether-ester) block copolymers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1745080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Efkan Çatıker
- Department of Chemistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Temel Öztürk
- Department of Chemistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atakay
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Synthesis and characterization of the block copolymers using the novel bifunctional initiator by RAFT and FRP technics: evaluation of the primary polymerization parameters. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-2043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Göktaş M, Olgun B. One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Thermo-Responsive Block Copolymers via RAFT and ROP Techniques. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090419040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Öztürk T, Kılıçlıoğlu A, Savaş B, Hazer B. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ɛ-caprolactone-co-ethylene glycol) star-type amphiphilic copolymers by “click” chemistry and ring-opening polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1481344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Temel Öztürk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ali Kılıçlıoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | | | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
- Department of Aircraft Airframe Engine Maintenance, Kapadokya University, Ürgüp, Turkey
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Reverse iodine transfer radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate and vinyl benzoate: a kinetic study. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Öztürk T, Kayğın O, Göktaş M, Hazer B. Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers based on polyepichlorohydrin via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1166002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Öztürk T, Yavuz M, Göktaş M, Hazer B. One-step synthesis of triarm block copolymers by simultaneous atom transfer radical and ring-opening polymerization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synthesis of pH- and thermo-responsive poly (ε-caprolactone-b-4-vinyl benzyl-g-dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) brush type graft copolymers via RAFT polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zheng Y, Li S, Weng Z, Gao C. Hyperbranched polymers: advances from synthesis to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4091-130. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the advances in hyperbranched polymers from the viewpoint of structure, click synthesis and functionalization towards their applications in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Sipei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Zhulin Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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Göktaş M, Öztürk T, Atalar MN, Tekeş AT, Hazer B. One-Step Synthesis of Triblock Copolymers via Simultaneous Reversible-Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) and Ring-Opening Polymerization Using a Novel Difunctional Macro-RAFT Agent Based on Polyethylene Glycol. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2014.953366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Öztürk T, Atalar MN, Göktaş M, Hazer B. One-step synthesis of block-graft copolymers via simultaneous reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer and ring-opening polymerization using a novel macroinitiator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Temel Öztürk
- Department of Chemistry; Kafkas University; 36100; Kars; Turkey
| | | | - Melahat Göktaş
- Department of Chemistry; Kafkas University; 36100; Kars; Turkey
| | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Chemistry; Bulent Ecevit University; 67100; Zonguldak; Turkey
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Han J, Li S, Tang A, Gao C. Water-Soluble and Clickable Segmented Hyperbranched Polymers for Multifunctionalization and Novel Architecture Construction. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300718d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and
Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027,
P. R. China
| | - Sipei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and
Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027,
P. R. China
| | - Aijin Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and
Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027,
P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and
Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027,
P. R. China
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Yildiz U, Hazer B, Tauer K. Tailoring polymer architectures with macromonomer azoinitiators. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Allı S, Allı A, Hazer B. Hyperbranched homo and thermoresponsive graft copolymers by using ATRP-macromonomer initiators. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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Öztürk T, Göktaş M, Hazer B. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(methyl methacrylate-block-ethylene glycol-block-methyl methacrylate) Block Copolymers by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2011.528310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Degirmenci M, Acikses A, Genli N. Well-Defined Cyclohexene Oxide Mid-Chain Functional Polystyrene Macromonomer: Synthesis, Characterization and Photoinitiated Cationic Homo- and Copolymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Öztürk T, Göktaş M, Hazer B. One-step synthesis of triarm block copolymers via simultaneous reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer and ring-opening polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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