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Zhang R, Xu J, Deng J, Ouyang W, Chen H, Tang Q, Zheng S, Liu L. High-performance cation electrokinetic concentrator based on a γ-CD/QCS/PVA composite and microchip for evaluating the activity of P-glycoprotein without any interference from serum albumin. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 24:127-136. [PMID: 38073277 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of cation electrokinetic concentrators (CECs) has been hindered by the lack of commercial anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). This paper introduces a γ-cyclodextrin-modified quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (γ-CD/QCS/PVA) composite as an AEM, which is combined with a microchip to fabricate a CEC. Remarkably, the CEC only concentrates cationic species, thereby overcoming the interference of the highly abundant, negatively charged serum albumin in the blood sample. P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) is recognized as an efflux transporter protein that influences the pharmacokinetics (PK) of various compounds. The CEC was used to evaluate the activity of P-gp by detecting the positively charged rhodamine 123 (Rho123 is a classical substrate of P-gp) with no interference from serum albumin in the serum sample. Using the CEC, the enrichment factor (EF) of Rho123 exceeded 105-fold under DC voltage application. The minimal sample consumption of the CEC (<10 μL) enables reduction of animal sacrifice in animal experiments. Here, the CEC has been applied to evaluate the transport activity of P-gp in in vitro and in vivo experiments by detecting Rho123 in the presence of P-gp inhibitors or agonists. The results are in good agreement with those reported in previous reports. Therefore, the CEC presents a promising application potential, owing to its simple fabrication process, high sensitivity, minimal sample consumption, lack of interference from serum albumin and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jieqi Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Hanren Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qing Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Shiquan Zheng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lihong Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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2
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Roy S, Haloi P, B SL, Chawla S, Badireenath Konkimalla V, Jaiswal A. Biocompatible quaternary pullulan functionalized 2D MoS 2 glycosheet-based non-leaching and infection-resistant coatings for indwelling medical implants. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10418-10432. [PMID: 37877327 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01816d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Medical implants are frequently used in medicine and reconstructive surgery to treat various pathological and anatomical conditions. However, over time, biofilm formation on the surface of these implants can cause recurrent infections and subsequent inflammatory responses in the host, resulting in tissue damage, necrosis, and re-hospitalization. To address these implant-associated infections, the best approach is to create antimicrobial coatings. Here, we report the fabrication of a biocompatible, non-leaching, and contact-based antibacterial coating for implants using quaternary pullulan functionalized MoS2 (MCP) glycosheets. The cationic MCP glycosheets were coated on the surfaces of polydopamine-modified stainless steel and polyvinyl fluoride substrates through a simple process of electrostatic interaction. The developed coating showed excellent antibacterial activity (>99.5%) against E. coli and S. aureus that remained stable over 30 days without leaching out of the substrates and retained its antibacterial activity. MCP-coated implants did not induce any acute or sub-chronic toxicity to mammalian cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MCP coating prevented S. aureus colonization on stainless steel implants in a mouse model of implant-associated infection. The MCP coating developed in this study represents a simple, safe, and effective antibacterial coating for preventing implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shounak Roy
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India.
| | - Prakash Haloi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Siva Lokesh B
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saurabh Chawla
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V Badireenath Konkimalla
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India.
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3
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Zhang L, Ma Z, Sun H, Zhang R, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Li J, Du X, Hao X. A novel CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane with electron-ion transfer channel for Br - recovery in ESIX process. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:784-793. [PMID: 37229996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Based on the superior selectivity of bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) for Br-, the excellent electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and the ion exchange capacity of quaternized chitosan (QCS), a three-dimensional network composite membrane electrode CNTs/QCS/BiOBr was constructed, in which BiOBr served as the storage space for Br-, CNTs provided the electron transfer pathway, and QCS cross-linked by glutaraldehyde (GA) was used for ion transfer. The CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane exhibits superior conductivity after the introduction of the polymer electrolyte, which is seven orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional ion-exchange membranes. Furthermore, the addition of the electroactive material BiOBr improved the adsorption capacity for Br- by a factor of 2.7 in electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) system. Meanwhile, the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane displays excellent Br- selectivity in mixed solutions of Br-, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-. Therein, the covalent bond cross-linking within the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane endows it great electrochemical stability. The synergistic adsorption mechanism of the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane provides a new direction for achieving more efficient ion separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Academia Sinica, Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Company Limited, Geermu 816000, China
| | - Haidong Sun
- Academia Sinica, Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Company Limited, Geermu 816000, China
| | - Rongzi Zhang
- Academia Sinica, Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Company Limited, Geermu 816000, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Academia Sinica, Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Company Limited, Geermu 816000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jun Li
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xiao Du
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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4
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Mackay SE, Malherbe F, Eldridge DS. Quaternary amine functionalized chitosan for enhanced adsorption of low concentration phosphate to remediate environmental eutrophication. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Yan P, Li M, Liu J, Song L, Tang K. Near-infrared responsive quaternized chitosan-coated MoS2/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with improved mechanical and rapid antibacterial properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Tian H, Hong J, Li C, Qiu Y, Li M, Qin Z, Ghiladi RA, Yin X. Electrospinning membranes with Au@carbon dots: Low toxicity and efficient antibacterial photothermal therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213155. [PMID: 36308860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As bacterial infections continue to pose a significant challenge to healthcare globally, new therapeutic strategies, interventions, and complementary approaches that address both infection prevention and treatment are needed. As one such strategy, photothermal therapy (PTT) as a non-chemotherapeutic approach is considered a safe and potentially efficient strategy to combat bacterial infections, particularly for antibiotic-resistant pathogens given that PTT operates via a temperature-dependent process against which the development of bacterial resistance is unlikely. Here, we prepared Au@CDs composite nanoparticles (Au@CD) comprised of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and carbon dots (N,S-CDs), and investigated their use as a photothermal agent in PTT. The presence of the CDs as surface decorations conferred improved photothermal conversion efficiency, photostability, and biocompatibility to the Au@CD when compared to the parent AuNPs. To investigate if the Au@CD could serve as a PTT wound dressing and accelerate tissue repair, they were embedded within a PVA membrane via electrospinning. The resultant Au@CD membrane exhibited excellent biocompatibility and photothermal antimicrobial activity. In vitro photothermal antibacterial inactivation studies confirmed their efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli (99 + % inactivation of both pathogens under NIR irradiation). Moreover, in vivo studies employing Kunming male mice with S. aureus-infected wounds on their backs were chosen as a trauma model, with the Au@CD membranes serving as wound dressings. The results showed that a local temperature increased up to 50 °C upon NIR irradiation could effectively eradicate bacteria at the wound site, reduce the risk of bacterial infection, suppress inflammation as well as improve collagen deposition and angiogenesis, all of which together facilitated wound closure and resulted in a better therapeutic effect than the controls. Taken together, this work confirms that NIR-irradiated Au@CD-based membranes and related materials are promising photothermal antimicrobial platforms for wound dressings and related healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Jixuan Hong
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Changgui Li
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Yuheng Qiu
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Mengting Li
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China.
| | - Ziyu Qin
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA.
| | - Xueqiong Yin
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China.
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7
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Luo Y, Cai J, Huang Y, Luo J. Synthesis of Xylan-Click-Quaternized Chitosan via Click Chemistry and Its Application in the Preparation of Nanometal Materials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113455. [PMID: 35684393 PMCID: PMC9182352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For the high-valued utilization of hemicelluloses and for realizing the controllable synthesis of NPs, this paper’s aim is to combine xylan, chitosan and nanometal materials at the same time. In this research study, firstly, propargyl xylan was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction between xylan and propargyl bromide in NaOH solution. On the other hand, a tosyl group was introduced onto the 6th position of synthesized quaternized chitosan (QCS), and the azide group replaced the tosyl group to obtain 6-amido-QCS (QCS-N3). The synthesis conditions of the above reactions were optimized. Subsequently, the novel xylan-click-QCS polymer was obtained via click reaction between terminal alkyne groups on the xylan chains and azide groups on QCS. Then, AgNPs and AuNPs were synthesized by adopting the xylan-click-QCS polymer as the reducing and stabilizing agent, and the reaction conditions were optimized to obtain well-dispersed and highly stable nanoparticles. There were two kinds of Ag nanomaterials, with diameters of 10~20 nm and 2~5 nm, respectively, indicating the formation of Ag nanoclusters, except for Ag nanoparticles, in this reaction. The diameter of the synthesized AuNPs was 20~30 nm, which possessed a more uniform size distribution. The Ag nanoclusters with a smaller size (2~5 nm) could inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation effectively, indicating their application potential in cancer therapy. The study gives a new approach to the high-value utilization of biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.)
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jihai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Yanan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key, Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Jiwen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key, Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Unexpected counterion exchange influencing fundamental characteristics of quaternary ammonium chitosan salt. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Zeng A, Wang Y, Li D, Guo J, Chen Q. Preparation and antibacterial properties of polycaprolactone/quaternized chitosan blends. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Andreica BI, Cheng X, Marin L. Quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan. A critical overview on the synthesis and properties generated by quaternization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Arakkal A, Aazem I, Honey G, Vengellur A, Bhat SG, Sailaja GC. Antibacterial Polyelectrolytic chitosan derivatives conjugated natural rubber latex films with minimized bacterial adhesion. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Arakkal
- Department of Polymer Science & Rubber Technology Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi Kerala India
| | - Irthasa Aazem
- Department of Polymer Science & Rubber Technology Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi Kerala India
| | - Gopinathan Honey
- Department of Biotechnology Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi Kerala India
| | - Ajith Vengellur
- Department of Biotechnology Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi Kerala India
| | - Sarita G. Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi Kerala India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Chettiar Sailaja
- Department of Polymer Science & Rubber Technology Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi Kerala India
- Centre for excellence in advanced materials Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi Kerala India
- Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi Kerala India
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12
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Wang K, Qi Z, Pan S, Zheng S, Wang H, Chang Y, Li H, Xue P, Yang X, Fu C. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of a new film based on chitosan, arginine and gold nanoparticle derivatives for wound-healing efficacy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20886-20899. [PMID: 35517756 PMCID: PMC9054353 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03704d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the combination of polymers and nanoparticles (NPs) provides optimised wound dressing and accelerates wound healing. The knowledge about the structure and properties of these materials is of critical importance in biological processes related to wound healing. In this study, we prepared a chitosan (CS) film modified with arginine (Arg) and gold NPs (AuNPs) and investigated its effectiveness as a dressing material for wound healing. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that Arg was successfully grafted on CS. The resultant CS-Arg/AuNP film was then characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The modification of Arg and AuNPs improved the hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and antibacterial properties of the film, which in turn provided an enhanced ideal environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to demonstrate the survival rate. Furthermore, the proteins involved in wound healing were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by immunofluorescence and western blotting, respectively. The skin defect models used for the in vivo studies revealed that the CS-Arg/AuNP dressing accelerated wound closure, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. Our cumulative findings support the feasibility of using the proposed film as a promising candidate for tissue engineering of the skin in the near future. It is well-known that the combination of polymers and nanoparticles (NPs) provides optimised wound dressing and accelerates wound healing.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Su Pan
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Haosheng Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - YuXin Chang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Hongru Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Pan Xue
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Chuan Fu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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Senra TDA, Desbrières J. Using full-factorial design analysis and response surface methodology to better understand the production of cationized chitosan from epoxides. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonimar DA Senra
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos/Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Trabalhador são-carlense 400 13566-590 São Carlos/SP Brazil
- UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR CNRS 5254, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Av. du Président Angot, 64053 Pau cedex 9 France
| | - Jacques Desbrières
- UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR CNRS 5254, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Av. du Président Angot, 64053 Pau cedex 9 France
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14
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Luo Y, Shen Z, Liu P, Zhao L, Wang X. Facile fabrication and selective detection for cysteine of xylan/Au nanoparticles composite. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 140:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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