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Rajamohan R, Ashokkumar S, Murugavel K, Lee YR. Preparation and Characterization of a Nano-Inclusion Complex of Quercetin with β-Cyclodextrin and Its Potential Activity on Cancer Cells. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1352. [PMID: 37512663 PMCID: PMC10386393 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (QRC), a flavonoid found in foods and plants such as red wine, onions, green tea, apples, and berries, possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties make it effective in combating cancer cells, reducing inflammation, protecting against heart disease, and regulating blood sugar levels. To enhance the potential of inclusion complexes (ICs) containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in cancer therapy, they were transformed into nano-inclusion complexes (NICs). In this research, NICs were synthesized using ethanol as a reducing agent in the nanoprecipitation process. By employing FT-IR analysis, it was observed that hydrogen bonds were formed between QRC and β-CD. Moreover, the IC molecules formed NICs through the aggregation facilitated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Proton NMR results further confirmed the occurrence of proton shielding and deshielding subsequent to the formation of NICs. The introduction of β-CDs led to the development of a distinctive feather-like structure within the NICs. The particle sizes were consistently measured around 200 nm, and both SAED and XRD patterns indicated the absence of crystalline NICs, providing supporting evidence. Through cytotoxicity and fluorescence-assisted cell-sorting analysis, the synthesized NICs showed no significant damage in the cell line of MCF-7. In comparison to QRC alone, the presence of high concentrations of NICs exhibited a lesser degree of toxicity in normal human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Moreover, the individual and combined administration of both low and high concentrations of NICs effectively suppressed the growth of cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The solubility improvement resulting from the formation of QRC-NICs with β-CD enhanced the percentage of cell survival for MCF-7 cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Rajamohan
- Organic Materials Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sekar Ashokkumar
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuppusamy Murugavel
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Chidambaram 608 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- Organic Materials Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Rajamohan R, Raorane CJ, Kim SC, Krishnan MM, Lee YR. Supramolecular β-Cyclodextrin-Quercetin Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Antibiofilm and Antifungal Agent. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093667. [PMID: 37175077 PMCID: PMC10179912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The loading of drugs or medicinally active compounds has recently been performed using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are thought to be a new type of porous material in which organic ligands and metal ions can self-assemble to form a network structure. The quercetin (QRC) loading and biofilm application on a cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework via a solvent diffusion approach is successfully accomplished in the current study. The antibacterial plant flavonoid QRC is loaded onto β-CD-K MOFs to create the composite containing inclusion complexes (ICs) and denoted as QRC:β-CD-K MOFs. The shifting in the chemical shift values of QRC in the MOFs may be the reason for the interaction of QRC with the β-CD-K MOFs. The binding energies and relative contents of MOFs are considerably changed after the formation of QRC:β-CD-K MOFs, suggesting that the interactions took place during the loading of QRC. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed a reduction in the formation of biofilm. The results of the cell aggregation and hyphal growth are consistent with the antibiofilm activity that is found in the treatment group. Therefore, QRC:β-CD-K MOFs had no effect on the growth of planktonic cells while inhibiting the development of hyphae and biofilm in C. albicans DAY185. This study creates new opportunities for supramolecular β-CD-based MOF development for use in biological research and pharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Rajamohan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mani Murali Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638401, India
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Pinilla-Peñalver E, Soriano ML, Contento AM, Ríos Á. Cyclodextrin-modified graphene quantum dots as a novel additive for the selective separation of bioactive compounds by capillary electrophoresis. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:440. [PMID: 34845524 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Highly reliable separation and determination of various biologically active compounds were achieved using capillary electrophoresis (CE) based on β-cyclodextrin-functionalized graphene quantum dots (βcd-GQDs) as the background electrolyte additive. βcd-GQDs improve the separation efficiency between peaks of all analytes. No addition of surfactants or organic solvents was needed in the running buffer containing βcd-GQDs. Up to eight consecutive runs were acquired with high precision for the separation of resveratrol, pyridoxine, riboflavin, catechin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, curcumin, and even of several of their structural analogs. Baseline separation was achieved within just 13 min as a result of the effective mobility of the analytes along the capillary owing to the differential interaction with the additive. The proposed analytical method displayed a good resolution of peaks for all species selecting two absorption wavelengths in the diode array detector. Detection limits lower than 0.28 µg mL-1 were found for all compounds and precision values were in the range of 2.1-4.0% in terms of the peak area of the analytes. The usefulness of the GQD-assisted selectivity-enhanced CE method was verified by the analysis of food and dietary supplements. The applicability to such complex matrices and the easy and low-cost GQD preparation open the door for routine analyses of food and natural products. The concept of using such a dual approach (macromolecules and nanotechnology) has been explored to tackle the separation of various bioactive compounds in nutritional supplements and food. Schematic illustration of the electrophoretic separation of the bioactive molecules in the capillary which is filled with the running solution without (top) and with βcd-GQDs (bottom). The fused silica capillary with negatively ionizable silanol groups at the wall. The voltage is applied at positive polarity at the outlet. R, riboflavin; r, resveratrol; P, pyridoxine; C, catechin; c, curcumin; A, ascorbic acid; Q, quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Pinilla-Peñalver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research, IRICA, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Laura Soriano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana M Contento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenue Camilo José Cela s/n 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Praveena A, Prabu S, Madi F, Rajamohan R. Theoretical Investigation of Inclusion Complexes of 3-Hydroxyflavone and Quercetin as Guests with Native and Modified β-Cyclodextrins as Hosts. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2009526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Praveena
- Department of Chemistry, Idhaya Engineering College for Women, Chinnasalem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samikannu Prabu
- Department of Chemistry, P.S.V College of Engineering and Technology, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fatiha Madi
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Nanostructures, Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics and Material Sciences, University of 08 Mai 1945 BP 401, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Rajaram Rajamohan
- Department of Chemistry, Lakshmi Bangaru Arts and Science College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li H, Chang SL, Chang TR, You Y, Wang XD, Wang LW, Yuan XF, Tan MH, Wang PD, Xu PW, Gao WB, Zhao QS, Zhao B. Inclusion complexes of cannabidiol with β-cyclodextrin and its derivative: Physicochemical properties, water solubility, and antioxidant activity. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Modified magnetic core-shell mesoporous silica nano-formulations with encapsulated quercetin exhibit anti-amyloid and antioxidant activity. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 213:111271. [PMID: 33069945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted tissue drug delivery is a challenge in contemporary nanotechnologically driven therapeutic approaches, with the interplay interactions between nanohost and encapsulated drug shaping the ultimate properties of transport, release and efficacy of the drug at its destination. Prompted by the need to pursue the synthesis of such hybrid systems, a family of modified magnetic core-shell mesoporous silica nano-formulations was synthesized with encapsulated quercetin, a natural flavonoid with proven bioactivity. The new nanocarriers were produced via the sol-gel process, using tetraethoxysilane as a precursor and bearing a magnetic core of surface-modified monodispersed magnetite colloidal superparamagnetic nanoparticles, subsequently surface-modified with polyethylene glycol 3000 (PEG3k). The arising nano-formulations were evaluated for their textural and structural properties, exhibiting enhanced solubility and stability in physiological media, as evidenced by the loading capacity, entrapment efficiency results and in vitro release studies of their load. Guided by the increased bioavailability of quercetin in its encapsulated form, further evaluation of the biological activity of the magnetic as well as non-magnetic core-shell nanoparticles, pertaining to their anti-amyloid and antioxidant potential, revealed interference with the aggregation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease, reduction of Aβ cellular toxicity and minimization of Aβ-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation. The data indicate that the biological properties of released quercetin are maintained in the presence of the host nanocarriers. Collectively, the findings suggest that the emerging hybrid nano-formulations can function as efficient nanocarriers of hydrophobic natural flavonoids in the development of multifunctional nanomaterials toward therapeutic applications.
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Wang Z, Zou W, Liu L, Wang M, Li F, Shen W. Characterization and bacteriostatic effects of β-cyclodextrin/quercetin inclusion compound nanofilms prepared by electrospinning. Food Chem 2020; 338:127980. [PMID: 32927201 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin has various biological activities, but its poor water solubility and stability limit its applications. In this study, β-cyclodextrin was used as the host and quercetin was encapsulated in its cavity to prepare an inclusion compound. Then, a nanofilm was formed using electrospinning. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were used to characterize the properties of the inclusion compound nanofilms. SEM images showed that the nanofilm prepared by optimizing the electrospinning process parameters had a good nanofiber structure. XRD, FTIR and TG/DSC characterization of the nanofilm showed that quercetin was encapsulated in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin and was present in the nanofilm. The quercetin was slowly released from the nanofilm and still had good bacteriostatic effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, indicating that the process of embedding and electrospinning did not affect the antibacterial activity of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Zou
- Jiangxi Vocational Technical College of Industry & Trade, Nanchang 330038, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Lingyi Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, United States.
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wangyang Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China.
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Junthip J. Water-insoluble cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked with citric acid for paraquat removal from water. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1586444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatupol Junthip
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Sabari CL, Rajamohan R, Prabu S, Sivakumar K. Molecular encapsulation of lidocaine and procaine into β-cyclodexrin cavity: in vitro cytotoxic evaluation. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1565543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajaram Rajamohan
- Department of Chemistry, S.K.P. Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, India
| | - Samikannu Prabu
- Department of Chemistry, IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram, India
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