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Bao M, Liu T, Tao Y, Ni X. The Hydrogen Bonding in the Hard Domains of the Siloxane Polyurea Copolymer Elastomers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2438. [PMID: 39274071 PMCID: PMC11397959 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
For probing the structure-property relationships of the polyurea elastomers, we synthesize the siloxane polyurea copolymer elastomer by using two aminopropyl-terminated polysiloxane monomers with low and high number-average molecular weight (Mn), i.e., L-30D and H-130D. To study the influence of the copolymer structures on the film properties, these films are analyzed to obtain the tensile performance, UV-vis spectra, cross-sectional topographies, and glass transition temperature (Tg). The two synthetic thermoplastic elastomer films are characterized by transparency, ductility, and the Tg of the hard domains, depending on the reacting compositions. Furthermore, the film elasticity behavior is studied by the strain recovery and cyclic tensile test, and then, the linear fitting of the tensile data is used to describe the film elasticity based on the Mooney-Rivlin model. Moreover, the temperature-dependent infrared (IR) spectra during heating and cooling are conducted to study the strength and recovery rate of the hydrogen bonding, respectively, and their influence on the film performance is further analyzed; the calculated Mn of the hard segment chains is correlated to the macroscopic recovery rate of the hydrogen bonding. These results can add deep insight to the structure-property relationships of the siloxane polyurea copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiuyuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Elazzazy AM, Ali Abd K, Bataweel NM, Mahmoud MM, Baghdadi AM. Microbial Biosynthesis of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) from Waste Cooking Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2150. [PMID: 39125176 PMCID: PMC11314287 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Waste cooking oil is a common byproduct in the culinary industry, often posing disposal challenges. This study explores its conversion into the valuable bioplastic material, medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA), through microbial biosynthesis in controlled bioreactor conditions. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and waste materials in Mahd Ad-Dahab, Saudi Arabia. The best PHA-producing isolates were identified via 16S rDNA analysis as Neobacillus niacini and Metabacillus niabensis, with the sequences deposited in GenBank (accession numbers: PP346270 and PP346271). This study evaluated the effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as environmental factors, such as pH, temperature, and shaking speed, on the PHA production titer. Neobacillus niacini favored waste cooking oil and yeast extract, achieving a PHA production titer of 1.13 g/L, while Metabacillus niabensis preferred waste olive oil and urea, with a PHA production titer of 0.85 g/L. Both strains exhibited optimal growth at a neutral pH of 7, under optimal shaking -flask conditions. The bioreactor performance showed improved PHA production under controlled pH conditions, with a final titer of 9.75 g/L for Neobacillus niacini and 4.78 g/L for Metabacillus niabensis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed the biosynthesized polymer as mcl-PHA. This research not only offers a sustainable method for transforming waste into valuable materials, but also provides insights into the optimal conditions for microbial PHA production, advancing environmental science and materials engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elazzazy
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Khawater Ali Abd
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Noor M. Bataweel
- King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.B.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Maged M. Mahmoud
- King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.B.); (M.M.M.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afra M. Baghdadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.); (A.M.B.)
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3
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Liu Y, Yu Q, Ye L, Yang L, Cui Y. A wearable, minimally-invasive, fully electrochemically-controlled feedback minisystem for diabetes management. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:421-436. [PMID: 36597970 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00797e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting 10% of the population globally, and can lead to serious damage in the heart, kidneys, eyes, blood vessels or nerves. Commercial artificial closed-loop feedback systems can significantly improve diabetes management and save lives. However, they are large and expensive for users. Here, we demonstrate for the first time a wearable, minimally-invasive, fully electrochemically-controlled feedback minisystem for diabetes management. Both the working principles of the sensor and pump in the feedback system are based on electrochemical reactions. The smart minisystem was constructed based on integrating the thermoplastic polyurethane hollow microneedles with an electrochemical biosensing device on its outer layer and an electrochemical micropump facing the inner layer of the microneedles. The sensing device was constructed based on sputtering thin metal films through a shadow mask and electroplating Prussian blue on the surface of the microneedles, followed by the immobilization of glucose oxidase on the working electrode. The electrochemical micropump was constructed by sputtering the interdigital electrodes, followed by sealing with a thin elastic film, which was further integrated with the inner channels of the microneedles. Both the sensor and the pump were electrically powered. Via being controlled by a printed circuit board, the biosensing device monitored the levels of interstitial glucose continuously to drive the electrochemical pump to deliver insulin intelligently, in order to control blood glucose within the normal range. The closed-loop feedback system was studied for its capability in maintaining the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats under various physiological conditions. The utility of the intelligent feedback system was successfully demonstrated on diabetic rats for controlling the blood glucose levels within the normal range. The minisystem is wearable, small, cost-effective, precise, stable and painless. It is anticipated that this approach opens a new paradigm for the development of closed-loop diabetes minisystems and may lead to a compelling future for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
| | - Qi Yu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, P.R. China.
| | - Le Ye
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, P.R. China.
| | - Yue Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
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4
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Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties and Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid): Miswak (Salvadora Persica L.) Fibers. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7253136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
7000 years ago, miswak fiber (MF) was used as a toothbrush for oral care. However, since the emergence of plastic materials, it monopolized the oral care industry. The increment of plastic products also promotes accumulation of plastic wastes after its disposal. Thus, many researchers have turn to biodegradable products to reduce this problem. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of MF as reinforcement in composites that are suitable to replace the toothbrush materials. The MF was reinforced in PLA composite with different weight percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and undergoes several types of testing. The chemical results show that there were high presence of cellulose in the fiber which could act as medium to transfer stress load equally from fiber to matrix. However, the results show low cellulosic contents in MF that affects the poor interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Physical properties shows a positive indication to be used as a toothbrush handle. As the fiber content increases, the density also increased. SEM micrographic illustrated the presence of voids as the cause for reduction in mechanical properties of composites. The mechanical results show the proposed material is comparable to the materials used in commercial applications. As for the thermal result, the TGA test melting point of the proposed composite material was comparable to the pure PLA, which means the proposed material can use similar processing temperature as PLA. DSC shows that Tg of PLA/MF composite is found to be similar to Tg in loss modulus of composites. DMA finding found that PLA/MF30 have the highest storage modulus 2062 MPa and the lowest tan δ 0.6 among PLA/MF composites. This concludes that there is a possibility of using these materials as an alternative in composites and increase the fiber strength by using pretreatments and/or compatibilizer.
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Jain C, Surabhi P, Marathe K. Critical Review on the Developments in Polymer Composite Materials for Biomedical Implants. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE, POLYMER EDITION 2022; 34:893-917. [PMID: 36369719 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2145870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been a lack of research for developing functional polymer composites for biomedical implants. Even though metals are widely used as implant materials, there is a need for developing polymer composites as implant materials because of the stress shielding effect that causes a lack of compatibility of metals with the human body. This review aims to bring out the latest developments in polymer composite materials for body implants and to emphasize the significance of polymer composites as a viable alternative to conventional materials used in the biomedical industry for ease of life. This review article explores the developments in functional polymer composites for biomedical applications and provides distinct divisions for their applications based on the part of the body where they are implanted. Each application has been covered in some detail. The various applications covered are bone transplants and bone regeneration, cardiovascular implants (stents), dental implants and restorative materials, neurological and spinal implants, and tendon and ligament replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumudinee Marathe
- Department of Chemical Engg, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 400019
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Gao W, Yu B, Li S, Chen S, Zhu Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Cai H, Han B. Preparation and properties of reinforced
SEBS
‐based thermoplastic elastomers modified by
PA6. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
| | - Baoyin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
| | - Shuhang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
| | - Shao Chen
- Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute Nanjing China
| | - Yuhong Zhu
- Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute Nanjing China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
| | - Hong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China
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7
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Study of the Influence of the Manufacturing Parameters on Tensile Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030576. [PMID: 35160565 PMCID: PMC8838108 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has increased its field of application, not only for prototypes but also for final parts. Therefore, the need to study new materials is currently growing. This paper aims to study the effect of the printing parameters used in two different thermoplastic elastomers (PEBA 90A and TPU 98A) subjected to tensile tests, evaluating a competent alternative to the currently most used 3D printed materials. To achieve it, a full factorial design experiment is applied to analyze the influence on the tensile responses of two printing parameters: the layer height and the fill density. In addition, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to describe the relations among the parameters and the mechanical responses obtained. Moreover, assessment of damping properties was done. Results show that each thermoplastic elastomer should be studied separately, although the proposed methodology can be used for each material independently of their nature. Finally, a correlation between the printing parameters and the mechanical behavior of TPU 98A and PEBA 90A was found: the layer height and the infill are statistically influential parameters for both materials.
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8
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Wu JK, Zheng KW, Nie XC, Ge HR, Wang QY, Xu JT. Promoters for Improved Adhesion Strength between Addition-Cured Liquid Silicone Rubber and Low-Melting-Point Thermoplastic Polyurethanes. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030991. [PMID: 35160935 PMCID: PMC8838879 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A polydimethylsiloxane armed with epoxy, alkoxy and acrylate groups was synthesized from silanol terminated-PDMS and epoxy and acrylate groups functionalized silane coupling agents, and utilized as the adhesion promoter (AP) to prepare addition-cured liquid silicone rubber that exhibited self-adhesion ability (SA-LSR) with biocompatible thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) sheets. The structural characteristics of AP were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which demonstrated the strong adhesion to polyester-based TPU sheets due to a sufficient amount of acrylate groups, epoxy groups and silanol groups obtained by the hydrolysis of alkoxy groups. In detail, the peel-off strength of SA-LSR and TPU joints reached up to 7.63 N mm−1 after the optimization of adhesion promoter including type and content, and curing condition including time and temperature. The cohesive failure was achieved during the sample breakage process. Moreover, the SA-LSR showed a good storage stability under proper storage conditions. This design strategy provided the feasibility to combine the advantages of addition-cured liquid silicone rubber and plastics with low melting points, promoting the potential application range of those silicone-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kai Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.-K.W.); (K.-W.Z.); (J.-T.X.)
- Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Sucon Silicone Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312088, China; (X.-C.N.); (H.-R.G.)
| | - Kai-Wen Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.-K.W.); (K.-W.Z.); (J.-T.X.)
| | - Xing-Cheng Nie
- Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Sucon Silicone Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312088, China; (X.-C.N.); (H.-R.G.)
| | - Huang-Rong Ge
- Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Sucon Silicone Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312088, China; (X.-C.N.); (H.-R.G.)
| | - Qiong-Yan Wang
- Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Sucon Silicone Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312088, China; (X.-C.N.); (H.-R.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun-Ting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.-K.W.); (K.-W.Z.); (J.-T.X.)
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9
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Collins Rice CG, Buffet JC, Turner ZR, O'Hare D. Efficient synthesis of thermoplastic elastomeric amorphous ultra-high molecular weight atactic polypropylene (UHMWaPP). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00708h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of amorphous ultra-high molecular weight atactic polypropylene (UHMWaPP), with molecular weights (Mw) up to 2.0 MDa and narrow polydispersities is reported using remarkably efficient permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) titanium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G. Collins Rice
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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10
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Steube M, Johann T, Barent RD, Müller AH, Frey H. Rational design of tapered multiblock copolymers for thermoplastic elastomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Bohdan M, Shiman DI, Nikishau PA, Vasilenko IV, Kostjuk SV. Quasiliving carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene using FeCl 3 as an efficient and water-tolerant Lewis acid: synthesis of well-defined telechelic polyisobutylenes. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A cost-efficient approach for the preparation of well-defined low molecular weight difunctional polyisobutulenes possessing an exo-olefin or hydroxyl group was developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalai Bohdan
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya St. 14, 220006, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya St. 14, 220006, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Dmitriy I. Shiman
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya St. 14, 220006, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya St. 14, 220006, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Pavel A. Nikishau
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya St. 14, 220006, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya St. 14, 220006, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya St. 14, 220006, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya St. 14, 220006, Minsk, Belarus
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12
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Turner B, Ramesh S, Menegatti S, Daniele M. Resorbable elastomers for implantable medical devices: highlights and applications. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Turner
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University and University of Chapel Hill Raleigh NC USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Srivatsan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University and University of Chapel Hill Raleigh NC USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
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13
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Shape Memory Materials from Rubbers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237216. [PMID: 34885377 PMCID: PMC8658094 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials are much discussed in the current research scenario. The shape memory effect is one of the most fascinating occurrences in smart materials, both in terms of the phenomenon and its applications. Many metal alloys and polymers exhibit the shape memory effect (SME). Shape memory properties of elastomers, such as rubbers, polyurethanes, and other elastomers, are discussed in depth in this paper. The theory, factors impacting, and key uses of SME elastomers are all covered in this article. SME has been observed in a variety of elastomers and composites. Shape fixity and recovery rate are normally analysed through thermomechanical cycle studies to understand the effectiveness of SMEs. Polymer properties such as chain length, and the inclusion of fillers, such as clays, nanoparticles, and second phase polymers, will have a direct influence on the shape memory effect. The article discusses these aspects in a simple and concise manner.
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