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Thuita D, Guberman‐Pfeffer MJ, Brückner C. S
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Ar Reaction Toward the Synthesis of Fluorinated Quinolino[2,3,4‐at]porphyrins. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Thuita
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut, Unit 3060 Storrs CT 06268-3060 U.S.A
| | - Matthew J. Guberman‐Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut, Unit 3060 Storrs CT 06268-3060 U.S.A
- Current address: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and the Microbial Science Institute Yale University New Haven CT 06520 U.S.A
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut, Unit 3060 Storrs CT 06268-3060 U.S.A
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Hohlfeld BF, Flanagan KJ, Kulak N, Senge MO, Christmann M, Wiehe A. Synthesis of Porphyrinoids, BODIPYs, and (Dipyrrinato)ruthenium(II) Complexes from Prefunctionalized Dipyrromethanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
- biolitec research GmbH; Otto-Schott-Str. 15 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital; 8 Dublin Ireland
| | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital; 8 Dublin Ireland
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- biolitec research GmbH; Otto-Schott-Str. 15 07745 Jena Germany
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Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Rizvi W, Batteas JD, Drain CM. Fluorinated porphyrinoids as efficient platforms for new photonic materials, sensors, and therapeutics. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:389-408. [PMID: 26514229 PMCID: PMC6180335 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrinoids are robust heterocyclic dyes studied extensively for their applications in medicine and as photonic materials because of their tunable photophysical properties, diverse means of modifying the periphery, and the ability to chelate most transition metals. Commercial applications include their use as phthalocyanine dyes in optical discs, porphyrins in photodynamic therapy, and as oxygen sensors. Most applications of these dyes require exocyclic moieties to improve solubility, target diseases, modulate photophysical properties, or direct the self-organization into architectures with desired photonic properties. The synthesis of the porphyrinoid depends on the desired application, but the de novo synthesis often involves several steps, is time consuming, and results in low isolated yields. Thus, the application of core porphyrinoid platforms that can be rapidly and efficiently modified to evaluate new molecular architectures allows researchers to focus on the design concepts rather than the synthesis methods, and opens porphyrinoid chemistry to a broader scientific community. We have focused on several widely available, commercially viable porphyrinoids as platforms: meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin, perfluorophthalocyanine, and meso-perfluorophenylcorrole. The perfluorophenylporphyrin is readily converted to the chlorin, bacteriochlorin, and isobacteriochlorin. Derivatives of all six of these core platforms can be efficiently and controllably made via mild nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions using primary S, N, and O nucleophiles bearing a wide variety of functional groups. The remaining fluoro groups enhance the photo and oxidative stability of the dyes and can serve as spectroscopic signatures to characterize the compounds or in imaging applications using (19)F NMR. This review provides an overview of the chemistry of fluorinated porphyrinoids that are being used as a platform to create libraries of photo-active compounds for applications in medicine and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V S Dinesh K Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Worlinsky JL, Halepas S, Ghandehari M, Khalil G, Brückner C. High pH sensing with water-soluble porpholactone derivatives and their incorporation into a Nafion® optode membrane. Analyst 2015; 140:190-6. [PMID: 25406812 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The known optical high pH sensing chromophores, free base and metal complexes (M = 2H, Zn(ii), Pt(ii)) of meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porpholactone, and the as yet untested Ga(iii) complex, were made freely water-soluble by derivatization at the aryl group with PEG chains. Their halochromic response profiles were determined and found to be surprisingly shifted toward greater base sensitivity when compared to the parent sensors in aqueous solution in the presence of a surfactant. Select PEG-derivatized chromophores were also incorporated into Nafion®-based membranes. The immobilized sensor was shown to be suitable for a moderately rapid (response time in minutes) sensing of high concentrations of hydroxides (pH 11 and above, up to 5 M NaOH concentrations). The lesser sensitivity of the indicators in the membrane is rationalized by the anionic nature of the membrane material. The membrane shows a perfectly reversible response and remains transparent and stable even under extended times of exposure to very caustic environments, and no leaching of the chromophore is observed. The membrane might find use in fiber optics-based optodes suitable for the monitoring of high hydroxide environments inside chemical reactors or fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Worlinsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
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Golf HRA, Reissig HU, Wiehe A. Nucleophilic Substitution on (Pentafluorophenyl)dipyrromethane: A New Route to Building Blocks for Functionalized BODIPYs and Tetrapyrroles. Org Lett 2015; 17:982-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig R. A. Golf
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Strasse
15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Strasse
15, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Golf HRA, Reissig HU, Wiehe A. Regioselective Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction ofmeso-Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Porphyrinoids with Alcohols. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Worlinsky JL, Halepas S, Brückner C. PEGylated meso-arylporpholactone metal complexes as optical cyanide sensors in water. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3991-4001. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00697f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A number of water-soluble metal complexes of PEGylatedmeso-fluorophenylporpholactones display a specific optical response upon addition of cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Halepas
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs, USA
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Yi WB, Ma JJ, Jiang LQ, Cai C, Zhang W. Synthesis and uses of fluorous and highly fluorinated macrocyclic and spherical molecules. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Costa JI, Tomé AC, Neves MG, Cavaleiro JA. 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin: a versatile platform to novel porphyrinic materials. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611004294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin reacts with a range of nucleophiles (amines, alcohols, thiols, nitrogen heterocycles, and others) resulting in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the para-F atoms of the pentafluorophenyl groups. This reaction, which was fortuitously discovered by Kadish and collaborators in 1990, is now being extensively used to synthesize porphyrins bearing electron-donating substituents in the para-position of their meso-aryl groups. This mini-review highlights the methods of synthesis of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, the use of its metal complexes in catalysis and its reaction with nucleophiles to yield new monomeric porphyrins, porphyrins supported in polymers or new polymeric porphyrin matrices useful for heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I.T. Costa
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria G.P.M.S. Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A.S. Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Hyland MA, Morton MD, Brückner C. meso-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin-Derived Chromene-Annulated Chlorins. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3038-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Hyland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Martha D. Morton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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van Houtem MHCJ, Benaskar F, Fitié CFC, Martín-Rapún R, Vekemans JAJM, Meijer EW. Helical self-assembly and co-assembly of fluorinated, preorganized discotics. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5898-908. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kaplánek R, Havlík M, Král V, Martásek P, Bříza T. Methyl Gallate as the Framework for the Construction of Fluorous Building Blocks. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910902964858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kaplánek
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Havlík
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
- c Zentiva Research and Development , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bříza
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
- b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
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Bříza T, Král V, Martásek P, Kaplánek R. Electrophilic polyfluoroalkylating agents based on sulfonate esters. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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