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Peguda HK, Mahbub SB, Sherpa TD, Subedi D, Habibalahi A, Anwer AG, Gu Z, Willcox MDP, Goldys EM, Carnt NA. The Autofluorescence Patterns of Acanthamoeba castellanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: Effects of Antibiotics and Tetracaine. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070894. [PMID: 34358044 PMCID: PMC8308758 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK) can lead to substantial vision loss and morbidity among contact lens wearers. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is a major factor contributing to poor outcomes of AK. This study aimed to assess the effect of two antibiotics and one anaesthetic drug used in the diagnosis and nonspecific management of keratitis on the autofluorescence patterns of Acanthamoeba and two common bacteria that may also cause keratitis. Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 30868, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 were grown then diluted in either PBS (bacteria) or ¼ strength Ringer’s solution (Acanthamoeba) to give final concentrations of 0.1 OD at 660 nm or 104 cells/mL. Cells were then treated with ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, tetracaine, or no treatment (naïve). Excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) were collected for each sample with excitation at 270–500 nm with increments in 5 nm steps and emission at 280–700 nm at 2 nm steps using a Fluoromax-4 spectrometer. The data were analysed using MATLAB software to produce smoothed color-coded images of the samples tested. Acanthamoeba exhibited a distinctive fluorescence pattern compared to bacteria. The addition of antibiotics and anaesthetic had variable effects on autofluorescence. Tetracaine altered the fluorescence of all three microorganisms, whereas tetracycline did not show any effect on the fluorescence. Ciprofloxacin produced changes to the fluorescence pattern for the bacteria, but not Acanthamoeba. Fluorescence spectroscopy was able to differentiate Acanthamoeba from P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in vitro. There is a need for further assessment of the fluorescence pattern for different strains of Acanthamoeba and bacteria. Additionally, analysis of the effects of anti-amoebic drugs on the fluorescence pattern of Acanthamoeba and bacteria would be prudent before in vivo testing of the fluorescence diagnostic approach in the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kumar Peguda
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (T.D.S.); (D.S.); (M.D.P.W.); (N.A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saabah B. Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (S.B.M.); (A.H.); (A.G.A.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Tashi Doma Sherpa
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (T.D.S.); (D.S.); (M.D.P.W.); (N.A.C.)
| | - Dinesh Subedi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (T.D.S.); (D.S.); (M.D.P.W.); (N.A.C.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (S.B.M.); (A.H.); (A.G.A.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Ayad G. Anwer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (S.B.M.); (A.H.); (A.G.A.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (T.D.S.); (D.S.); (M.D.P.W.); (N.A.C.)
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (S.B.M.); (A.H.); (A.G.A.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Nicole A. Carnt
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (T.D.S.); (D.S.); (M.D.P.W.); (N.A.C.)
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Vashishat R, Chabba S, Aswal VK, Mahajan RK. Probing molecular interactions of tetracaine with surface active ionic liquid and subsequent formation of vesicle in aqueous medium. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vashishat R, Chabba S, Mahajan RK. Effect of surfactant head group on micellization and morphological transitions in drug-Surfactant catanionic mixture: A multi-technique approach. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Inacio R, Barlow D, Kong X, Keeble J, Jones SA. Investigating how the attributes of self-associated drug complexes influence the passive transport of molecules through biological membranes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 102:214-22. [PMID: 26965142 PMCID: PMC4827376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about how drug self-association influences absorption into the human body. This study presented two hydrophobic membranes with a series of solutions containing different types of tetracaine aggregates with the aim of understanding how the attributes of supramolecular aggregate formation influenced passive membrane transport. The data showed that aqueous solutions of the unprotonated form of tetracaine displayed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) passive membrane transport compared to solutions with mixtures of the unprotonated and protonated drug microspecies (e.g. transport through the skin was 0.96 ± 0.31 μg cm−2 min−1 and 1.59 ± 0.26 μg cm−2 min−1 respectively). However, despite an enhanced rate of drug transport and a better membrane partitioning the unionised molecules showed a significantly longer (p < 0.05) lag time to membrane penetration compared solutions rich in the ionised microspecies. Analytical characterisation of the solutions applied to the apical surface of the membranes in the transport studies showed that larger tetracaine aggregates with smaller surface charge gave rise to the longer lag times. These large aggregates demonstrated more extensive intermolecular bonding and therefore, it was suggest that it was the enhanced propensity of the unionised species to form tightly bound drug aggregates that caused the delay in the membrane penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Inacio
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - D Barlow
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - X Kong
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - J Keeble
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - S A Jones
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Mura P. Analytical techniques for characterization of cyclodextrin complexes in aqueous solution: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:238-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effect of Cyclodextrins and pH on the permeation of tetracaine: Supramolecular assemblies and release behavior. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:349-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yang J, Song LX, Du FY, Yang J, Shao ZC. Formation, structure and thermal properties of the ternary aggregate of polyethylene glycol, β-cyclodextrin and ferrocene. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2012.716839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P.R. China
| | - Le Xin Song
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P.R. China
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P.R. China
- c State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , P.R. China
| | - Fang Yun Du
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P.R. China
| | - Zhi Cheng Shao
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P.R. China
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Franco de Lima RA, de Jesus MB, Saia Cereda CM, Tofoli GR, Cabeça LF, Mazzaro I, Fraceto LF, de Paula E. Improvement of tetracaine antinociceptive effect by inclusion in cyclodextrins. J Drug Target 2011; 20:85-96. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.622400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Brandariz I, Iglesias E. Potentiometric characterisation of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of local anaesthetics. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2011.593632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Brandariz
- a Departamento de Química Física e E. Q. I Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de A Coruña , 15071-A , Coruña , Spain
| | - Emilia Iglesias
- a Departamento de Química Física e E. Q. I Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de A Coruña , 15071-A , Coruña , Spain
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Iglesias E. Exploring the effect of supramolecular structures of micelles and cyclodextrins on fluorescence emission of local anesthetics. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:531-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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