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Barlow SR, Tomkinson D, Halcovitch NR, Evans NH. Rapid synthesis of hydrogen bond templated handcuff rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5393-5400. [PMID: 38873753 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00672k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The rapid synthesis of hydrogen bond templated handcuff rotaxanes is described. The isolated rotaxanes were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies and high resolution mass spectrometry. This report represents a rare demonstration of preparing (2)handcuff [2]rotaxanes by covalently linking separate axles threaded through the rings of a bis-macrocycle by use of the copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - David Tomkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | | | - Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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2
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Pearce N, Tarnowska M, Andersen NJ, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Pilgrim BS, Champness NR. Mechanically interlocked molecular handcuffs. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3915-3941. [PMID: 35440998 PMCID: PMC8985514 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component are reviewed. The variety of rotaxane and catenane structures that use the handcuff motif to interlock different components are discussed and a new nomenclature, distilling diverse terminologies to a single approach, is proposed. By unifying the interpretation of this class of molecules we identify new opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures. Mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component provide a pathway to highly unusual structures, a new nomenclature is proposed which helps to identify opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Marysia Tarnowska
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Nathan J Andersen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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3
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Corra S, de Vet C, Groppi J, La Rosa M, Silvi S, Baroncini M, Credi A. Chemical On/Off Switching of Mechanically Planar Chirality and Chiral Anion Recognition in a [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttle. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9129-9133. [PMID: 31129959 PMCID: PMC6693800 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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We
exploit a reversible acid–base triggered molecular shuttling
process to switch an appropriately designed rotaxane between prochiral
and mechanically planar chiral forms. The mechanically planar enantiomers
and their interconversion, arising from ring shuttling, have been
characterized by NMR spectroscopy. We also show that the supramolecular
interaction of the positively charged rotaxane with optically active
anions causes an imbalance in the population of the two enantiomeric
coconformations. This result represents an unprecedented example of
chiral molecular recognition and can disclose innovative approaches
to enantioselective sensing and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari , Università di Bologna , Via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Christiaan de Vet
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari , Università di Bologna , Via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari , Università di Bologna , Via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Marcello La Rosa
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari , Università di Bologna , Via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari , Università di Bologna , Via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari , Università di Bologna , Via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
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Tokunaga Y, Hayakawa K, Miyashita J, Kawasaki T, Miyagawa S. Formation of pseudo[3]rotaxanes containing calix-bis-crowns and secondary ammonium ions and their thermodynamic stabilities in a solution: preorganization by second macrocycle and nonallosteric behavior exhibited by large crown cavities. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Iwamoto H, Takizawa W, Itoh K, Hagiwara T, Tayama E, Hasegawa E, Haino T. Selective Synthesis of [2]- and [3]Catenane Tuned by Ring Size and Concentration. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5205-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Wataru Takizawa
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Koji Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima
739-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Eiji Tayama
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Eietsu Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050
Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima
739-8526, Japan
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6
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Li S, Lu HY, Shen Y, Chen CF. A Stimulus-Response and Self-Healing Supramolecular Polymer Gel Based on Host-Guest Interactions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2010. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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