Khan B, Shah MR, Ahmed D, Rabnawaz M, Anis I, Afridi S, Makhmoor T, Tahir MN. Synthesis, characterization and Cu(2+) triggered selective fluorescence quenching of Bis-calix[4]arene tetra-triazole macrocycle.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016;
309:97-106. [PMID:
26878705 DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.074]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent bis-calix[4]arene macrocycle 9 incorporating metal-binding pockets was successfully prepared. The structure of macrocycle 9 and its precursors were characterized via EI-MS, MALDI-TOF-MS, ESI-MS, (1)H NMR, (13)CNMR, 2D NMR, and X-ray crystallography. The macrocycle 9 displayed selective fluorescence quenching after interacting with Cu(2+) in the presence competing metal cations including Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Ba(2+), Ag(+), Zn(2+), Ti(4+),Cd(2+), Hg(2+), Pb(2+), In(3+), La(3+), Cr(3+), Ni(2+), Sb(3+), V(5+), Fe(3+), Co(2+), Sn(2+), Sn(2+), and Tl(+). The Cu(2+) limit of detection was found to be 40 nM much lower than its threshold level (∼ 20 μM) in drinking water permitted by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Furthermore, drinking water samples from Karachi University (Pakistan) spiked with Cu(2+) were analysed with the sensing system and the results showed an excellent agreement with the fluorescence quenching phenomenon of macrocycle 9 examined in deionized water. Importantly, the chemosensor 9 could be used to detect Cu(2+) in living cells.
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