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Paul A, Collins MG, Lee HY. Gene Therapy: The Next-Generation Therapeutics and Their Delivery Approaches for Neurological Disorders. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:899209. [PMID: 35832929 PMCID: PMC9272754 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.899209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions like neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases are quite complex and often exceedingly difficult for patients. Most of these conditions are due to a mutation in a critical gene. There is no cure for the majority of these neurological conditions and the availability of disease-modifying therapeutics is quite rare. The lion's share of the treatments that are available only provide symptomatic relief, as such, we are in desperate need of an effective therapeutic strategy for these conditions. Considering the current drug development landscape, gene therapy is giving us hope as one such effective therapeutic strategy. Consistent efforts have been made to develop gene therapy strategies using viral and non-viral vectors of gene delivery. Here, we have discussed both of these delivery methods and their properties. We have summarized the relative advantages and drawbacks of viral and non-viral vectors from the perspectives of safety, efficiency, and productivity. Recent developments such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated gene editing and its use in vivo have been described here as well. Given recent advancements, gene therapy shows great promise to emerge as a next-generation therapeutic for many of the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions.
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2
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Bony BA, Tarudji AW, Miller HA, Gowrikumar S, Roy S, Curtis ET, Gee CC, Vecchio A, Dhawan P, Kievit FM. Claudin-1-Targeted Nanoparticles for Delivery to Aging-Induced Alterations in the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18520-18531. [PMID: 34748307 PMCID: PMC9079187 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging-induced alterations to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are increasingly being seen as a primary event in chronic progressive neurological disorders that lead to cognitive decline. With the goal of increasing delivery into the brain in hopes of effectively treating these diseases, a large focus has been placed on developing BBB permeable materials. However, these strategies have suffered from a lack of specificity toward regions of disease progression. Here, we report on the development of a nanoparticle (C1C2-NP) that targets regions of increased claudin-1 expression that reduces BBB integrity. Using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, we find that C1C2-NP accumulation and retention is significantly increased in brains from 12 month-old mice as compared to nontargeted NPs and brains from 2 month-old mice. Furthermore, we find C1C2-NP accumulation in brain endothelial cells with high claudin-1 expression, suggesting target-specific binding of the NPs, which was validated through fluorescence imaging, in vitro testing, and biophysical analyses. Our results further suggest a role of claudin-1 in reducing BBB integrity during aging and show altered expression of claudin-1 can be actively targeted with NPs. These findings could help develop strategies for longitudinal monitoring of tight junction protein expression changes during aging as well as be used as a delivery strategy for site-specific delivery of therapeutics at these early stages of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Alam Bony
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Aria W. Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Hunter A. Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5527, USA
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
| | - Evan T. Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Connor C. Gee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Alex Vecchio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5527, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198-5527, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5527, USA
| | - Forrest M. Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
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3
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Designing peptide nanoparticles for efficient brain delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:52-77. [PMID: 33031897 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of therapeutic compounds to the brain is arguably the most significant open problem in drug delivery today. Nanoparticles (NPs) based on peptides and designed using the emerging principles of molecular engineering show enormous promise in overcoming many of the barriers to brain delivery faced by NPs made of more traditional materials. However, shortcomings in our understanding of peptide self-assembly and blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport mechanisms pose significant obstacles to progress in this area. In this review, we discuss recent work in engineering peptide nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic compounds to the brain: from synthesis, to self-assembly, to in vivo studies, as well as discussing in detail the biological hurdles that a nanoparticle must overcome to reach the brain.
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4
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Liu D, An J, Pang C, Yan X, Li W, Ma J, Gao H. Construction of Bovine Serum Albumin/AIE‐Based Quaternary Complexes for Efficient Gene Transfection. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800359. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De‐E Liu
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical ConversionTianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Jinxia An
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical ConversionTianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Chengcai Pang
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical ConversionTianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Xiangjie Yan
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical ConversionTianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical ConversionTianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Jianbiao Ma
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical ConversionTianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Material Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical ConversionTianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
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5
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Kelly JM, Gross AL, Martin DR, Byrne ME. Polyethylene glycol-b-poly(lactic acid) polymersomes as vehicles for enzyme replacement therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2591-2606. [PMID: 29111890 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Polymersomes are created to deliver an enzyme-based therapy to the brain in lysosomal storage disease patients. MATERIALS & METHODS Polymersomes are formed via the injection method using poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) (PEGPLA) and bound to apolipoprotein E, to create a brain-targeted delivery vehicle. RESULTS Polymersomes have a smallest average diameter of 145 ± 21 nm and encapsulate β-galactosidase at 72.0 ± 12.2% efficiency. PEGPLA polymersomes demonstrate limited release at physiologic pH (7.4), with a burst release at the acidic pH (4.8) of the lysosome. PEGPLA polymersomes facilitate delivery of active β-galactosidase to an in vitro model of GM1 gangliosidosis. CONCLUSION The foundation has been laid for testing of PEGPLA polymersomes to deliver enzymatic treatments to the brain in lysosomal storage disorders for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Kelly
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,US Department of Education GAANN Graduate Fellowship Program in Biological & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amanda L Gross
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Pharmacology, Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,US Department of Education GAANN Graduate Fellowship Program in Biological & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Pharmacology, Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mark E Byrne
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,US Department of Education GAANN Graduate Fellowship Program in Biological & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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6
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Rajora MA, Ding L, Valic M, Jiang W, Overchuk M, Chen J, Zheng G. Tailored theranostic apolipoprotein E3 porphyrin-lipid nanoparticles target glioblastoma. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5371-5384. [PMID: 28970916 PMCID: PMC5609152 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Size-controlled discoidal and cholesteryl oleated-loaded spherical, intrinsically multimodal porphyrin-lipid nanoparticles targeted glioblastoma via apoE3 and LDLR.
The development of curative glioblastoma treatments and tumour-specific contrast agents that can overcome the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and infiltrative tumour morphology remains a challenge. Apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) is a high density lipoprotein apolipoprotein that chaperones the transcytosis of nanoparticles across the BBB, and displays high-affinity binding with the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), a cell-surface receptor overexpressed by glioblastoma cells. This LDLR overexpression and apoE3 binding capacity was exploited for the development of glioblastoma-targeted porphyrin-lipid apoE3 lipid nanoparticles (pyE-LNs) with intrinsic theranostic properties. Size-controlled discoidal and cholesteryl oleate (CO)-loaded spherical pyE-LNs were synthesized through the systematic variation of particle composition, which dictated nanoparticle size and morphology. Composition optimization yielded 30 nm pyE-LNs with stable loading of apoE3 and porphyrin-lipid that simultaneously conferred the nanoparticles with glioblastoma targeting and activatable near-infrared fluorescence imaging functionalities. A 4-fold higher uptake of pyE-LNs by LDLR-expressing U87 glioblastomas cells relative to minimally expressing ldlA7 cells was observed in vitro. This uptake was a result of receptor-mediated endocytosis, which could be inhibited through LDL competition and acetylation of particle apoE3 moieties. ApoE3-dependent delivery of pyE-LN to glioblastomas was also demonstrated in orthotopic U87-GFP tumour-bearing animals. Quantification of CO-loaded pyE-LN biodistribution demonstrated successful selective uptake of porphyrin by malignant tissue, with a 4 : 1 tumour : healthy tissue particle specificity. This allowed for the detection of strong, tumour-localized porphyrin fluorescence, which was diminished when apoE3-devoid py-LN particles were administered. Furthermore, this selective uptake yielded cell-specific potent PDT sensitization in vitro, resulting in an 83% reduction in glioblastoma cell viability. These results highlight the promising capacity of pyE-LNs to target porphyrin delivery to glioblastoma tumours for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rajora
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , 101 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada . .,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , 164 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
| | - L Ding
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , 101 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada .
| | - M Valic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , 101 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada . .,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , 164 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
| | - W Jiang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , 101 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada .
| | - M Overchuk
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , 101 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada . .,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , 164 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
| | - J Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , 101 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada .
| | - G Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , University Health Network , 101 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada . .,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , 164 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , 101 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
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7
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Emerging therapies for neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 152:166-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Brain-Targeted Polymers for Gene Delivery in the Treatment of Brain Diseases. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:48. [PMID: 28397188 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies have become a promising strategy for treating neurological disorders, such as brain cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, with the help of molecular biology interpreting the underlying pathological mechanisms. Successful cellular manipulation against these diseases requires efficient delivery of nucleic acids into brain and further into specific neurons or cancer cells. Compared with viral vectors, non-viral polymeric carriers provide a safer and more flexible way of gene delivery, although suffering from significantly lower transfection efficiency. Researchers have been devoted to solving this defect, which is attributed to the multiple barriers existing for gene therapeutics in vivo, such as systemic degradation, blood-brain barrier, and endosome trapping. This review will be mainly focused on systemically administrated brain-targeted polymers developed so far, including PEI, dendrimers, and synthetic polymers with various functions. We will discuss in detail how they are designed to overcome these barriers and how they efficiently deliver therapeutic nucleic acids into targeted cells.
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9
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Dong S, Chen Q, Li W, Jiang Z, Ma J, Gao H. A dendritic catiomer with an MOF motif for the construction of safe and efficient gene delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8322-8329. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dendritic catiomer using biocompatible Zr-MOFs as the core exhibited a markedly higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than the commercial gold standard branched PEI25k in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Qixian Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Zhu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Jianbiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
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10
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Qiao W, Zhou M. Hydroxyl-modified cationic lipids with a carbamate linkage as gene delivery vehicles. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; P. R.; China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; P. R.; China
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11
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Kenny GD, Villegas-Llerena C, Tagalakis AD, Campbell F, Welser K, Botta M, Tabor AB, Hailes HC, Lythgoe MF, Hart SL. Multifunctional receptor-targeted nanocomplexes for magnetic resonance imaging and transfection of tumours. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7241-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Orthmann A, Fichtner I, Zeisig R. Improving the transport of chemotherapeutic drugs across the blood-brain barrier. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 4:477-90. [PMID: 22114857 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The successful treatment of brain tumors or metastases in the brain is still hampered by the very efficient blood-brain barrier, which prevents the cerebral accumulation of a pharmacologically sufficient amount of a drug. Beside the possibility of disintegrating the functionality of this effective working barrier, a nanocarrier-mediated transport is presently an interesting and promising method to increase the drug concentration in the brain. Nanocarriers are small vesicles (<200 nm) and can be prepared by polymerization, resulting in nanoparticles, or by producing superficial lipid structures to incorporate the drug. In this context, liposomes are of importance owing to their ability to adapt their properties to the pharmacological requirements. In this article, we will give an overview of current possibilities of enhancing anticancer drug transport across the blood-brain barrier, based on its structure and functionality. Special consideration will be given to recent liposomal approaches that use active targeting for receptor-mediated transport across this physiological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orthmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Experimental Pharmacology, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13122 Berlin, German
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13
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Tomanin R, Zanetti A, Zaccariotto E, D'Avanzo F, Bellettato CM, Scarpa M. Gene therapy approaches for lysosomal storage disorders, a good model for the treatment of mendelian diseases. Acta Paediatr 2012; 101:692-701. [PMID: 22428546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This review describes the different gene therapy technologies applied to approach lysosomal storage disorders, monogenic conditions, with known genetic and biochemical defects, for many of which animal models are available. Both viral and nonviral procedures are described, underlying the specific needs that the treatment of genetic disorders requires. CONCLUSIONS Lysosomal storage disorders represent a good model of study of gene therapeutic procedures that are, or could be, relevant to the treatment of several other mendelian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Tomanin
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy
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14
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Sharifov OF, Nayyar G, Garber DW, Handattu SP, Mishra VK, Goldberg D, Anantharamaiah GM, Gupta H. Apolipoprotein E mimetics and cholesterol-lowering properties. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012; 11:371-81. [PMID: 22149316 DOI: 10.2165/11594190-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a ligand for clearance of lipoprotein remnants such as chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins. It has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, there is extensive ongoing research to create peptides that can mimic properties of apoE. A number of synthetic peptides that encompass different regions of apoE have been studied for inhibiting inflammatory states, including Alzheimer disease. However, peptides that clear atherogenic lipoproteins, analogous to apoE, via enhanced hepatic uptake have not been previously reviewed. Toward this end, we describe the design and studies of a dual-domain apoE mimetic peptide, Ac-hE18A-NH(2). This peptide consists of residues 141-150, the putative receptor-binding region of human apoE, covalently linked to a well characterized class A amphipathic helix, 18A, which has no sequence homology to any other exchangeable apolipoprotein sequences. It demonstrates dramatic effects in reducing plasma cholesterol levels in dyslipidemic mouse and rabbit models. We discuss the scientific rationale and review the literature for the design and efficacy of the peptide. Analogous to apoE, this peptide bypasses the low-density lipoprotein receptor for the hepatic uptake of atherogenic lipoproteins via heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). ApoE mimetics such as Ac-hE18A-NH(2) may therefore restore or replace ligands in genetically induced hyperlipidemias to enable reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins via HSPG even in the absence of functional low-density lipoprotein receptors. Therefore, this and similar peptides may be useful in the treatment of dyslipidemic disorders such as familial hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg F Sharifov
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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15
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New-generation biomedical materials: Peptide dendrimers and their application in biomedicine. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-0107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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17
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Lai WF, Lin MCM. Nucleic acid delivery with chitosan and its derivatives. J Control Release 2008; 134:158-68. [PMID: 19100795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring cationic mucopolysaccharide. It is generally biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, non-immunogenic and non-toxic. Although chitosan is able to condense nucleic acids (NA) (both DNA and RNA) and protect them from nuclease degradation, its poor water solubility and low transfection efficacy have impeded its use as an NA carrier. In order to overcome such limitations, a multitude of strategies for chitosan modification and formulation have been proposed. In this article, we will first give a brief overview of the physical and biological properties of chitosan. Then, with a special focus on plasmid DNA delivery, we will have a detailed discussion of the latest advances in chitosan-mediated NA transfer. For future research, the following three important areas will be discussed: chitosan-mediated therapeutic small RNA transfer, structure-activity relationships (SAR) in chitosan vector design, and chitosan-mediated oral/nasal NA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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