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Meng Y, Xiao L, Liu R, Du J, Liu N, Yu J, Li Y, Lu G. Antidepressant effect and mechanism of TMP269 on stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116320. [PMID: 38801927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
TMP269, a class IIA histone deacetylase inhibitor with selectivity, that has a protective effect on the central nervous system, yet its specific mechanism of action remains ambiguous. Although major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent, its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that histone deacetylase 5 plays a key role in the pathological process of depression and the fact that preclinical studies have shown HDAC5 to be a potential antidepressant target, the search for natural drugs or small molecule compounds that can target HDAC5 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of depression. In addition, we examined the role of the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important neurotrophic factor for neuronal survival and growth, as a potential downstream target of HDAC5. We found downward revision of HDAC5 levels in the hippocampus ameliorated depressive-like behavior in LH (Learned helplessness) mice. Furthermore, injection of HDAC5 overexpressing adenoviral vectors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of wild-type mice produced a somewhat depressive-like phenotype. Pharmacological, immunofluorescence and biochemical experiments showed that TMP269 could produce antidepressant effects by inhibiting mouse hippocampal HDAC5 and thus modulating its downstream BDNF. Over all, TMP269 mitigated LH-induced depressive-like behaviors and abnormalities in synapse formation and neurogenesis within the hippocampus. These findings suggest potential beneficial effects of TMP269 on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Lifei Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Ruyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Creation and Generic Drug Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China.
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Dos Santos B, Bion MC, Goujon-Svrzic M, Maher P, Dafre AL. REAP+: A single preparation for rapid isolation of nuclei, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115445. [PMID: 38135241 PMCID: PMC10843687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
REAP+ is an enhanced version of the rapid, efficient, and practical (REAP) method designed for the isolation of nuclear fractions. This improved version, REAP+, enables fast and effective extraction of mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nuclei. The mechanical cell disruption process has been optimized to cerebral tissues, snap-frozen liver, and HT22 cells with remarkable fraction enrichment. REAP+ is well-suited for samples containing minimal protein quantities, such as mouse hippocampal slices. The method was validated by Western blot and marker enzyme activities, such as LDH and G6PDH for the cytoplasmic fraction and succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase for the mitochondrial fraction. One of the outstanding features of this method is its rapid execution, yielding fractions within 15 min, allowing for simultaneous preparation of multiple samples. In essence, REAP+ emerges as a swift, efficient, and practical technique for the concurrent isolation of nuclei, cytoplasm, and mitochondria from various cell types and tissues. The method would be suitable to study the multicompartment translocation of proteins, such as metabolic enzymes and transcription factors migrating from cytosol to the mitochondria and nuclei. Moreover, its compatibility with small samples, such as hippocampal slices, and its potential applicability to human biopsies, highlights the potential application in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Monique Coelho Bion
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Cell Biology and Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Marie Goujon-Svrzic
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, CA, 92037, La Jolla, United States.
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, CA, 92037, La Jolla, United States.
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Vedor JE. Revisiting Carl Jung's archetype theory a psychobiological approach. Biosystems 2023; 234:105059. [PMID: 37832929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper delves into the concept of archetypes, universal patterns of behavior and cognition, and proposes a novel tripartite model distinguishing between structural, regulatory, and representational archetypes. Drawing on insights from code biology, neuroscience, genetics, and epigenetics, the model provides a nuanced framework for understanding archetypes and their role in shaping cognition and behavior. The paper also explores the interplay between these elements to express representational archetypes. Furthermore, it addresses the informational capacity of the genome and its influence on post-natal development and the psyche. The paper concludes by discussing the future trajectory of psychology, emphasizing the need for an integrative approach that combines our understanding of social constructs with insights into our inherent organizational propensities or archetypes. This exploration holds the potential to advance our understanding of the human condition.
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Thiagalingam S. Epigenetic Aberrations in Major Psychiatric Diseases Related to Diet and Gut Microbiome Alterations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1506. [PMID: 37510410 PMCID: PMC10379841 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and metabolism modify epigenetic signatures like histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Histone acetylation and DNA methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) can be altered by bioactive nutrients and gut microbiome via the gut-brain axis, which in turn modulate neuronal activity and behavior. Notably, the gut microbiome, with more than 1000 bacterial species, collectively contains almost three million functional genes whose products interact with millions of human epigenetic marks and 30,000 genes in a dynamic manner. However, genetic makeup shapes gut microbiome composition, food/nutrient metabolism, and epigenetic landscape, as well. Here, we first discuss the effect of changes in the microbial structure and composition in shaping specific epigenetic alterations in the brain and their role in the onset and progression of major mental disorders. Afterward, potential interactions among maternal diet/environmental factors, nutrition, and gastrointestinal microbiome, and their roles in accelerating or delaying the onset of severe mental illnesses via epigenetic changes will be discussed. We also provide an overview of the association between the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, we present some underlying mechanisms involved in mediating the influence of the gut microbiome and probiotics on mental health via epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA
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Peedicayil J. Genome-Environment Interactions and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041209. [PMID: 37189827 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are known to interact with the genome by altering epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression and contributing to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. This article is a narrative review of how the major environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of common psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorder this way. The cited articles were published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022 and were obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar. The search terms used were as follows: gene or genetic; genome; environment; mental or psychiatric disorder; epigenetic; and interaction. The following environmental factors were found to act epigenetically on the genome to influence the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders: social determinants of mental health, maternal prenatal psychological stress, poverty, migration, urban dwelling, pregnancy and birth complications, alcohol and substance abuse, microbiota, and prenatal and postnatal infections. The article also discusses the ways by which factors such as drugs, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and physical exercise act epigenetically to alleviate the symptoms of psychiatric disorders in affected patients. These data will be useful information for clinical psychiatrists and those researching the pathogenesis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Peedicayil
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632 002, India
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