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Nguyen HO, Tiberio L, Facchinetti F, Ripari G, Violi V, Villetti G, Salvi V, Bosisio D. Modulation of Human Dendritic Cell Functions by Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors: Potential Relevance for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2254. [PMID: 37765223 PMCID: PMC10535230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) are small-molecule drugs that, by increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP in immune cells, elicit a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects. As such, PDE4 inhibitors are actively studied as therapeutic options in a variety of human diseases characterized by an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are checkpoints of the inflammatory and immune responses, being responsible for both activation and dampening depending on their activation status. This review shows evidence that PDE4 inhibitors modulate inflammatory DC activation by decreasing the secretion of inflammatory and Th1/Th17-polarizing cytokines, although preserving the expression of costimulatory molecules and the CD4+ T cell-activating potential. In addition, DCs activated in the presence of PDE4 inhibitors induce a preferential Th2 skewing of effector T cells, retain the secretion of Th2-attracting chemokines and increase the production of T cell regulatory mediators, such as IDO1, TSP-1, VEGF-A and Amphiregulin. Finally, PDE4 inhibitors selectively induce the expression of the surface molecule CD141/Thrombomodulin/BDCA-3. The result of such fine-tuning is immunomodulatory DCs that are distinct from those induced by classical anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids. The possible implications for the treatment of respiratory disorders (such as COPD, asthma and COVID-19) by PDE4 inhibitors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Oanh Nguyen
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy; (F.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Ripari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentina Violi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Gino Villetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy; (F.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
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Tanaka K, Salunya T, Motomiya Y, Motomiya Y, Oyama Y, Yamakuchi M, Maruyama I. Decreased Expression of Thrombomodulin in Endothelial Cells by Fibroblast Growth Factor-23/α-Klotho. Ther Apher Dial 2018; 21:395-404. [PMID: 28834363 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been known to be a state of excessive fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and α-Klotho deficiency. Patients undergoing hemodialysis have an increased mortality risk associated with cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction. The mechanism responsible for the relationship of FGF23 to endothelial damage in these patients has been unclear. On the other hands, increasing evidences have demonstrated that thrombomodulin (TM) plays an important role in the endothelial barrier. Here, we report the suppression of membrane TM, in a dose-dependent manner, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells after FGF23 and FGF23/α-Klotho stimulation. In addition, the levels of soluble TM, which reflect endothelial cell injury, were much higher in cell supernatants after FGF23 and FGF23/α-Klotho stimulation than in the control supernatant. This study indicates a possible mechanism by which excessive levels of FGF23 are involved in endothelial TM disruption, which has been implicated as a potential cardiovascular risk factor in patients with CKD, especially in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tancharoen Salunya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | | | - Yoko Oyama
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Munekazu Yamakuchi
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Fujii T, Obara H, Matsubara K, Fujimura N, Yagi H, Hibi T, Abe Y, Kitago M, Shinoda M, Itano O, Tanabe M, Masugi Y, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa Y. Oral administration of cilostazol improves survival rate after rat liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2017; 213:207-214. [PMID: 28601316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilostazol is a type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat the symptoms of intermittent claudication. Recent studies have shown that cilostazol decreases ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in several organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the effects of cilostazol in a rat model of liver I/R injury. Thirty male Wistar rats with liver I/R injury were divided into a cilostazol or saline (control) group (n = 15 each). Each rat was orally administered cilostazol or saline for 3 d before I/R injury. Liver I/R injury was induced via 1 h of warm ischemia of the median and left lateral liver lobes, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. The rats were then euthanized. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the treatment groups. Histologic examination was performed on the liver tissues. We also conducted a survival study to confirm the effect of cilostazol on the mortality rate in rats. For the survival study, a liver I/R injury model with an ischemia time of 1.5 h was used, and the rats were observed for 1 wk. RESULTS Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the cilostazol group than in the saline group. Treatment with cilostazol significantly improved pathological findings associated with liver I/R injury and increased survival rate compared to that in controls. CONCLUSIONS Cilostazol reduced mortality and alleviated the effects of liver I/R injury in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fujii
- Department of Surgery, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Obara
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Matsubara
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujimura
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Itano
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Maeda NY, Clavé MM, Bydlowski SP, Lopes AA. Decreased circulating thrombomodulin is improved by tadalafil therapy in hypoxemic patients with advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thromb Res 2016; 146:15-19. [PMID: 27564658 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with congenital cardiac communications and right-to-left shunting (Eisenmenger syndrome - PAH-ES) is associated with hypoxemia and decreased circulating levels of thrombomodulin (TM), probably reflecting decreased endothelial TM production. The combination of these two factors has been shown to induce fibrin deposition, with increased risk of thrombosis, a well known complication in this syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We tested the hypothesis that vasodilator therapy with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil, an approved drug for management of PAH could improve endothelial dysfunction markers, in particular plasma TM, in addition to improving the physical capacity (expected effect of pulmonary vasodilatation) in PAH-ES patients. This was a prospective observational study of treatment-naïve patients subjected to specific PAH therapy. Fifteen patients aged 12 to 51years (median 30years) were treated for 6months with a single daily dose of 40mg oral tadalafil. The physical capacity (distance walked during the 6-min walk test - 6MWD), systemic oxygen saturation and laboratory parameters were measured at baseline, and 90days and 180days of treatment. RESULTS Plasma TM, which was decreased at baseline compared to controls (p<0.001) increased at 90 and 180days (p=0.003), and this was directly related (r=0.57, p=0.026) to improvement of oxygen saturation (p=0.008). Heightened baseline tissue-type plasminogen activator decreased during treatment (p=0.010), while heightened von Willebrand factor antigen remained unchanged. The 6MWD improved significantly (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Tadalafil therapy improved circulating TM and tissue-type plasminogen activator, in addition to improving the physical capacity and oxygen saturation in PAH-ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Maeda
- Pró-Sangue Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Clavé
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S P Bydlowski
- University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Lopes
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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von Heesen M, Dold S, Müller S, Scheuer C, Kollmar O, Schilling MK, Menger MD, Moussavian MR. Cilostazol improves hepatic blood perfusion, microcirculation, and liver regeneration after major hepatectomy in rats. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:792-800. [PMID: 25772848 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major hepatectomy or small-for-size liver transplantation may result in postoperative liver failure. So far, no treatment is available to improve liver regeneration. Herein, we studied whether cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, is capable of improving liver regeneration after major hepatectomy. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 74) were treated with cilostazol (5 mg/kg daily) or a glucose solution and underwent either 70% liver resection or a sham operation. Before and after surgery, hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flow and hepatic microvascular perfusion were analyzed. Liver morphology, function, and regeneration were studied with histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and bile excretion analysis. Cilostazol significantly increased hepatic blood flow and microcirculation before and after hepatectomy in comparison with sham-operated controls. This was associated with an elevation of hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor expression, an increase of hepatocellular proliferation, and an acceleration of liver regeneration. Furthermore, cilostazol protected the tissue of the remnant liver as indicated by an attenuation of hepatocellular disintegration. In conclusion, cilostazol increases hepatic blood perfusion, microcirculation, and liver regeneration after a major hepatectomy. Thus, cilostazol may represent a novel strategy to reduce the rate of liver failure after both extended hepatectomy and small-for-size liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Dold
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paediatric Surgery
| | - Simon Müller
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Otto Kollmar
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paediatric Surgery
| | | | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mohammed R Moussavian
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Strowitzki MJ, Dold S, von Heesen M, Körbel C, Scheuer C, Moussavian MR, Schilling MK, Kollmar O, Menger MD. The phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol does not stimulate growth of colorectal liver metastases after major hepatectomy. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:795-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rubenstein DA, Maria Z, Yin W. Glycated albumin modulates endothelial cell thrombogenic and inflammatory responses. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2011; 5:703-13. [PMID: 21722586 PMCID: PMC3192637 DOI: 10.1177/193229681100500325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has become established that a diabetic vasculature promotes cardiovascular disease progression via changes to endothelial cells, platelets, and the interactions of these cells. It is believed that the majority of these changes are induced by the presence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which permanently alter various functions. Studies have shown that platelets perpetuate endothelial cell responses under these conditions. However, the role of changes in endothelial cell thrombogenicity and inflammatory responses, after subjected to AGEs, has not been characterized. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of AGEs on these functions. METHODS To accomplish this, albumin was chemically modified by exposure to glucose for up to 8 weeks, and endothelial cells were subjected to glycated albumin for up to 5 days in a cell culture system. A time course for changes in endothelial cell viability, density, morphology, and metabolic activity were investigated, along with the surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, thrombomodulin, tissue factor, connexin-43, and caveolin-1. RESULTS Endothelial cells exposed to irreversibly glycated albumin were less viable, proliferated slower, and had a lower metabolic activity as compared to cells exposed to nonglycated albumin. Endothelial cells that were exposed to any glycated albumin were procoagulant and proinflammatory as compared with all other conditions. There were no overall trends in the expression of connexin-43 or caveolin-1. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the presence of irreversible glycated albumin is deleterious to endothelial cells, makes endothelial cells more procoagulant, and promotes inflammatory responses. It is therefore possible that endothelial cell activation may precede and promote platelet activation during diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rubenstein
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
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Kosugi T, Nakamura M, Sunagawa M. Transition of pathophysiological significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor-From a chief player in antiinflammation, antifibrinolysis to that in the development of insulin resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 17:109-18. [PMID: 19515539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the early phase of research, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) was regarded as a negative regulator of fibrinolytic system, but the later study clarified that the changes in PAI level is closely related to risk factors of various pathologic processes of the lifestyle-related diseases. It is accepted that PAI-1 is a risk factor of the cardiovascular event in lifestyle-related diseases by recent researches analyzing the detailed function of PAI-1. In this review paper, we described the transition of pathophysiological significance of PAI based on many research papers especially from ours, which clarified the mechanism on protein expression of PAI, especially PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Kosugi
- 1st Department of Physiology, Unit of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Aurintricarboxylic acid upregulates the thrombomodulin expression of endothelial cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2008; 19:489-94. [PMID: 18685431 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e3282f2b5c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin has a central role in the regulation of coagulation through its ability to promote generation of the potent anticoagulant, activated protein C. Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) has been reported to inhibit platelet function by blocking von Willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib and to impede thrombosis development in vivo. In the present study, we demonstrated a novel antithrombotic effect of ATA. The surface thrombomodulin expression of endothelial cells and peripheral blood monocytes was upregulated by ATA in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. ATA also increased the mRNA level of endothelial thrombomodulin in a dose-dependent manner. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (50 ng/ml) or lipopolysaccharide (20 microg/ml) downregulated the expression of endothelial thrombomodulin. Blocking of nuclear factor-kappaB by parthenolide effectively inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced thrombomodulin downregulation of endothelial cells. ATA increased endothelial thrombomodulin expression that was downregulated by TNF-alpha or lipopolysaccharide, in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of small G proteins of the Rho family by the Clostridium difficile toxin B-1,0643 did not increase thrombomodulin expression of endothelial cells, and ATA did not activate Rac1 in endothelial cells. These findings provide, at least in part, a novel platelet-independent mechanism of ATA that may explain the demonstrated antithrombotic efficacy of ATA.
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