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Cho CW, Pham TPT, Zhao Y, Stolte S, Yun YS. Review of the toxic effects of ionic liquids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147309. [PMID: 33975102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interest in ionic liquids (ILs), called green or designer solvents, has been increasing because of their excellent properties such as thermal stability and low vapor pressure; thus, they can replace harmful organic chemicals and help several industrial fields e.g., energy-storage materials production and biomaterial pretreatment. However, the claim that ILs are green solvents should be carefully considered from an environmental perspective. ILs, given their minimal vapor pressure, may not directly cause atmospheric pollution. However, they have the potential to cause adverse effects if leaked into the environment, for instance if they are spilled due to human mistakes or technical errors. To estimate the risks of ILs, numerous ILs have had their toxicity assessed toward several micro- and macro-organisms over the past few decades. Since the toxic effects of ILs depend on the method of estimating toxicity, it is necessary to briefly summarize and comprehensively discuss the biological effects of ILs according to their structure and toxicity testing levels. This can help simplify our understanding of the toxicity of ILs. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the key findings of toxicological information of ILs, collect some toxicity data of ILs to different species, and explain the influence of IL structure on their toxic properties. In the discussion, we estimated two different sensitivity values of toxicity testing levels depending on the experiment condition, which are theoretical magnitudes of the inherent sensitivity of toxicity testing levels in various conditions and their changes in biological response according to the change in IL structure. Finally, some perspectives, future research directions, and limitations to toxicological research of ILs, presented so far, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Thi Phuong Thuy Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, HoChiMihn University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrosciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea.
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Abramenko N, Kustov L, Metelytsia L, Kovalishyn V, Tetko I, Peijnenburg W. A review of recent advances towards the development of QSAR models for toxicity assessment of ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121429. [PMID: 31732345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Abramenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Russia; N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Kustov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Russia; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larysa Metelytsia
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kovalishyn
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Tetko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Structural Biology, BIGCHEM GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, b. 60w, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and Products, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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Luo C, Hu G, Huang M, Zou J, Jiang Y. Prediction on separation factor of chiral arylhydantoin compounds and recognition mechanism between chiral stationary phase and the enantiomers. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 94:107479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cho CW, Yun YS. Application of general toxic effects of ionic liquids to predict toxicities of ionic liquids to Spodoptera frugiperda 9, Eisenia fetida, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113185. [PMID: 31522005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modeling for the toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) is necessary to fill data gaps for untested chemicals and to understand the relevant mechanisms at the molecular level. In order for many researchers to easily predict toxicity and/or develop some prediction model, simple method(s) based on a single parameter should be proposed. Therefore, previously our group developed a comprehensive toxicity prediction model with unified linear free-energy relationship descriptors to address the single parameter for predicting the toxicities, as follows (Cho et al., 2016b). Log 1/toxicity in the unit of mM= (2.254 Ec - 2.545 Sc + 0.646 Ac - 1.471 Bc + 1.650 Vc + 2.917 J+ - 0.201 Ea + 0.418 Va + 0.131 J-) - 0.709. It is considered that the model can calculate the general toxicological effect of ILs in parenthesis, as it was developed on the basis of numerous toxic effects i.e., 58 toxicity testing methods and about 1600 data points. In order to check the hypothesis, the values calculated by the model were correlated with four different datasets from insect cell line (Spodoptera frugiperda 9), earthworm (Eisenia fetida), nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), and fish (Danio rerio). The results clearly showed that the calculated values are in good agreement with each dataset. In the case of S. frugiperda 9 cells, the calculated parameters were correlated with log1/LC50 values, measured after 24 h and 48 h incubation, in R2 of 0.67 and 0.88, respectively. The R2 values for the earthworm, nematode, and fish were 0.88, 0.96, and 0.94-0.95, respectively. This study confirmed that the comprehensive model can be simply and accurately used to predict toxicity of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Chonbuk, South Korea.
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Farahani SR, Sohrabi MR, Ghasemi JB. A detailed structural study of cytotoxicity effect of ionic liquids on the leukemia rat cell line IPC-81 by three dimensional quantitative structure toxicity relationship. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:256-265. [PMID: 29709763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a very thorough and in-depth three-dimensional quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (3D-QSTR) analysis has been implemented to make a correlation between the structural information of the ionic liquids (ILs) and their cytotoxicity towards Leukemia rat cell line IPC-81, as one of the ILs' toxicological consequences. To do this, alignment free GRid-INdependent Descriptors (GRINDs), which were derived from molecular interaction fields (MIFs), were correlated to the cytotoxicity values by partial least squares (PLS) and support vector regression (SVR). Genetic algorithm (GA), as a powerful linear tool, was used to select the best and interpretative subset of variables for the predictive model building. The selected variables with the capability to screen the effective structural features, showed direct and inverse contribution to the cytotoxicity. In silico modeling can reduce the amount of cellular testing necessary by predicting the toxicological functions of the chemical structures. Acceptable predictions of both internal and external validation sets made it possible to develop the predictive models for a large set of 269 diverse ILs containing 9 cationic cores and 44 types of anions. The constructed 3D-QSTR models use simple and interpretable descriptors to provide an in-depth and mechanistic interpretation of structural characteristics. This helps provide a clear understanding of the cytotoxicity effects of the understudy ILs. The effects of the nature of the cations, anions, and substituents on the cytotoxicities were evaluated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Rahimi Farahani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- College of Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Paternò A, Bonaccorso C, Fortuna CG, Musumarra G, Scirè S. Data-Driven Modelling of Gas Solubility in Ionic Liquids Using Principal Properties as Orthogonal Descriptors. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paternò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Carmela Bonaccorso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Cosimo G. Fortuna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Salvatore Scirè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
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Environmental Concerns Regarding Ionic Liquids in Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 168:241-328. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Paternò A, Goracci L, Scire S, Musumarra G. Modeling from Theory and Modeling from Data: Complementary or Alternative Approaches? The Case of Ionic Liquids. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:90-101. [PMID: 28168154 PMCID: PMC5288763 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of ionic liquids (ILs), theory-driven modeling approaches aimed at the best fit for all available data by using a unique, and often nonlinear, model have been widely adopted to develop quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. In this context, we propose chemoinformatic and chemometric data-driven procedures that lead to QSPR soft models with local validity that are able to predict relevant physicochemical properties of ILs, such as viscosity, density, decomposition temperature, and conductivity. These models, which use readily available and easily interpretable VolSurf+ descriptors, represent an unexploited opportunity for experimentalists to model and predict the physicochemical properties of ILs in industrial R&D design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paternò
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di CataniaViale A. Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - Laura Goracci
- Laboratorio di Chemiometria e ChemioinformaticaDipartimento di ChimicaUniversità di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto 1006123PerugiaItaly
| | - Salvatore Scire
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di CataniaViale A. Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Musumarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di CataniaViale A. Doria 695125CataniaItaly
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Cho CW, Stolte S, Yun YS. Comprehensive approach for predicting toxicological effects of ionic liquids on several biological systems using unified descriptors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33403. [PMID: 27624396 PMCID: PMC5022054 DOI: 10.1038/srep33403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge and opportunity for design of environmentally-benign ionic liquids (ILs) would start from prediction of their toxicological effects on several endpoints solely based on the structural formulas. Especially, a comprehensive yet simple equation able to predict several biological responses to IL toxicity is of much advantage. Therefore, based on 50 toxicity testing systems on ILs a comprehensively approachable prediction method was developed. For the modelling, approximately 1600 toxicity values measured by several biological systems and an amended linear free energy relationship (LFER) model were used. Since the toxicological activities of an IL could be differently described according to sensitivity of toxicity testing systems, the sensitivity of each of toxicity testing systems was also estimated in the modelling. By statistical analysis with the calculated descriptors, a LFER model was built. Also the sensitivity value of each system on the basis of the comprehensively approachable model was numerically estimated. In results, it was observed that the combination of single model and sensitivity terms was able to predict each of 50 toxicological effects of ILs with R(2) of 0.593~0.978, and SE of 0.098~0.699 log unit, and the total data set with R(2) of 0.901 and SE of 0.426 log unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdaňsk sk ul, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdaňsk, Poland
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
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Paterno' A, Scire S, Musumarra G. A QSPR approach to the ecotoxicity of ionic liquids ( Vibrio fischeri) using VolSurf principal properties. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1090-1096. [PMID: 30090414 PMCID: PMC6062259 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently derived in silico structural descriptors for both IL cations and anions allowed the development of a QSPR model correlating ionic liquid structures to Vibrio fischeri toxicity using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. Interpretation of the PLS model confirmed the effect of IL cationic structural features such as the influence of cation side chain length, presence of heteroatoms, and non-aromaticity of the heterocyclic scaffold on toxicity. The PLS model also provided a quantitative evaluation of anion effects, previously not evidenced due to the structural similarity of the anions considered. A simple equation in which three descriptors (two for the cations and one for the anions) allow the prediction of Vibrio fischeri toxicity for over 8000 ILs is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paterno'
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6 , I-95125 Catania , Italy .
| | - Salvatore Scire
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6 , I-95125 Catania , Italy .
| | - Giuseppe Musumarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6 , I-95125 Catania , Italy .
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Paternò A, Fiorenza R, Marullo S, Musumarra G, Scirè S. Prediction of ionic liquid's heat capacity by means of their in silico principal properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
VolSurf+ in silico principal properties of ionic liquids were used to develop a QSPR model providing affordable heat capacity predictions which were experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paternò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Roberto Fiorenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Musumarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Salvatore Scirè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
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