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Bijkerk CAC, Nooteboom LAL, de Beer CBC, de Vos JAJA, Vermeiren RRJMR. Treating eating disorders by professionals with similar experiences: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024. [PMID: 38762887 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although a significant number of professionals who provide eating disorder (ED) treatment have lived experience with an ED in the past, there is no consensus on whether these professionals should use these experiences in treatment. This review aims to evaluate current literature on recovered professionals with an ED past treating ED patients, unravelling advantages and disadvantages in treatment, the impact on professionals and their surroundings, and implications for practice. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted which included 10 articles. We analysed qualitative data through a systematic synthesis. Strength of evidence was calculated for each subtheme. RESULTS Three themes and 14 subthemes were divided into categories. The category 'treatment (patient-professional interaction)' was divided into: advantages, disadvantages and other implications for treatment. Additionally, the category 'professionals themselves' included subthemes that directly impact or relate to ED professionals: recovery as a non-linear process, the significant role of self-care and adverse feelings of professionals. Finally, the category 'work settings' included: company culture and training, supervision and professional development. DISCUSSION Recovered ED professionals are a promising addition to ED treatment due to the enhanced expertise of the professional. However, attention should be paid to the risk of distorted boundaries between patient and professional.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Charlotte Bijkerk
- LUMC Curium - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Human Concern - Centre for Eating Disorders, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L A Laura Nooteboom
- LUMC Curium - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C B Carolijn de Beer
- LUMC Curium - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J A Jan Alexander de Vos
- Department of Psychology (PHT), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- GGZ Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - R R J M Robert Vermeiren
- LUMC Curium - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Youz, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
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King AJ, Brophy LM, Fortune TL, Byrne L. Factors Affecting Mental Health Professionals' Sharing of Their Lived Experience in the Workplace: A Scoping Review. Psychiatr Serv 2020; 71:1047-1064. [PMID: 32878543 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has suggested that some mental health professionals (MHPs) continue to hold stigmatized beliefs about persons with emotional distress. These beliefs may be amenable to contact-based interventions with similar peers. To inform future interventions, policy, and research, this scoping review examined existing literature to identify factors that affect disclosure of lived experience by MHPs to colleagues and supervisors. METHODS A systematic search was conducted of four online databases, gray literature, and the reference lists of included articles. Primary research studies of any design conducted with MHPs with lived experience of emotional distress and their colleagues were included. The findings of included studies were inductively coded within the themes of enabling, constraining, and intrapersonal factors influencing disclosure. RESULTS A total of 23 studies were included in data extraction and synthesis. Factors that influenced MHPs' sharing of their lived experience in the workplace were categorized into five overarching themes: the "impaired professional," the "us and them" divide, the "wounded healer," belief in the continuum of emotional distress, and negotiating hybrid identities. MHPs with lived experience described feeling conflict between professional and service user identities that affected the integration and use of their clinical and experiential knowledge. Enabling factors reflected best-practice human resource management, such as organizational leadership, access to supervision and training, inclusive recruitment practices, and the provision of reasonable accommodations. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this scoping review suggest that organizational interventions to support MHPs in order to share their lived experience may improve workplace diversity and well-being, with implications for service users' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J King
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne (King, Brophy, Fortune); Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (Brophy); School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, and Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Byrne)
| | - Lisa M Brophy
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne (King, Brophy, Fortune); Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (Brophy); School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, and Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Byrne)
| | - Tracy L Fortune
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne (King, Brophy, Fortune); Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (Brophy); School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, and Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Byrne)
| | - Louise Byrne
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne (King, Brophy, Fortune); Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (Brophy); School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, and Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Byrne)
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Bullivant B, Rhydderch S, Griffiths S, Mitchison D, Mond JM. Eating disorders "mental health literacy": a scoping review. J Ment Health 2020; 29:336-349. [PMID: 32041463 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1713996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: While it is apparent that much has been learned about "mental health literacy" (MHL) relating to certain mental health problems, such as depression, in recent years, what has been learned about MHL relating to eating disorders (ED-MHL) is unclear.Aims: A scoping review was conducted to inform the current state of knowledge in this field.Methods: A systematic search of relevant literature published between 1997 and 2017 was followed by a narrative synthesis of the findings.Results: The number of eligible studies increased from 32 in 1997-2001 to 98 in 2012-2017 (total = 264). Most studies originated from North America or Europe, recruited individuals with EDs receiving treatment or college students and included both female and male or only female participants. The majority of studies examined MHL relating to anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa and examined attitudes which facilitate recognition and appropriate help-seeking and knowledge and beliefs about professional help available.Conclusion: Interest in ED-MHL is increasing and there is now a considerable body of research addressing some aspects of ED-MHL in a range of study populations. Notable gaps in the literature exist, including a paucity of information about ED-MHL relating to EDs other than anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, ED behaviour in males and the use of self-help interventions. We hope the findings will provide an incentive to further research in these and other aspects of ED-MHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bullivant
- Faculty of Medicine, Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Suzie Rhydderch
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Mond
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
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Orthorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in the United States. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [PMID: 28624376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Registered dietitian nutritionists are trained to identify optimal food choices for clients based on medical state and lifestyle. Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a proposed disorder related to obsessions about eating healthfully. Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses with symptoms related to eating, body image, and self-esteem. Both ON and EDs are more common among RDNs than the general population. OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence of ON and EDs in RDNs in the United States and, among this sample, assessed whether the presence of ON symptoms related to symptoms of EDs, including weight, shape, eating, and restraint. DESIGN A cross-sectional design compared responses for participants after dividing into three groups: those scoring at-risk for ON, those with a current or past ED, and a comparison group. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 2,500 RDNs were invited to complete surveys electronically; 636 responses were received. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Scores on the Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (ORTO-15) and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) determined prevalence of ON and EDs. Differences in these measures, and body mass index were compared among the three groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Analysis of variance and χ2 analyses were used to compare the groups. RESULTS For the entire sample, scores on the ORTO-15 suggested 49.5% were at risk for ON, and scores on the EDE-Q suggested 12.9% were at risk for an ED, with 8.2% of RDNs self-disclosing treatment for an ED. Both the group disclosing ED treatment and the group at risk for ON had a lower mean body mass index, lower scores on the ORTO-15, and higher scores on the EDE-Q and all its subscales than the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS Clarifying the relationship between ON and EDs is warranted because ON symptoms appear to be associated not only with disturbances in eating, but also with elevated shape and weight concerns.
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Rocks T, Pelly F, Slater G, Martin LA. Eating attitudes and behaviours of students enrolled in undergraduate nutrition and dietetics degrees. Nutr Diet 2016; 74:381-387. [PMID: 28901702 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The prevalence of disordered eating has been frequently reported in university students; however, the prevalence amongst Australian undergraduate students studying degrees with a focus on nutrition is uncertain. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess eating attitudes and behaviours of students enrolled in nutrition and dietetics, (ii) compare those to students enrolled in another health degree of occupational therapy (OT) and (iii) explore possible relationships between eating attitudes and behaviours and other characteristics of both cohorts. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study investigated self-reported anthropometric characteristics, eating attitudes and behaviours and self-esteem using a series of questionnaires. RESULTS Participants included 137 students (119 females, 18 males) with a mean age of 27.1 ± 8.7 years. Fourteen percent of nutrition and dietetics and 11% of OT students had disordered eating attitudes scores that were symptomatic of an eating disorder. Mean eating attitude scores did not differ between the degrees of study. Students in nutrition and dietetics showed significantly higher levels of cognitive restraint and less emotional eating than OT students. Enrolment in the first year of study was the strongest predictor of symptomatic eating attitudes. CONCLUSIONS These findings support previously expressed concern about presence of disordered eating in nutrition and dietetics undergraduates. Collaboratively developed support mechanisms for preventing and managing disordered relationships with food would be of benefit to students enrolled in nutrition degrees to ensure ongoing professional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Rocks
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Pelly
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Slater
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa A Martin
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
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de Vos JA, Netten C, Noordenbos G. Recovered eating disorder therapists using their experiential knowledge in therapy: A qualitative examination of the therapists' and the patients' view. Eat Disord 2016; 24:207-23. [PMID: 26467023 PMCID: PMC4873721 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2015.1090869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the eating disorder (ED) field there is a lack of guidelines regarding the utilization of recovered therapists and the experiential knowledge they can bring to therapy. In this study, a qualitative design was used to examine recovered eating disorder therapists using their experiential knowledge and how this influences therapy and the patients they treat. Respectively, 205 patients (response rate 57%), and 26 recovered therapists (response rate 75%) completed a questionnaire about advantages and disadvantages of the utilization of experiential knowledge in therapy. Results showed that using experiential knowledge can have several advantages and disadvantages in therapy. Therapists can use this knowledge as a therapeutic intervention with specific goals, such as providing the patient with insight into the recovery process, establishing a working relationship, and enhancing hope for recovery. To be effective, self-disclosure and experiential knowledge need to be shared thoughtfully, and should not include specific details about ED symptoms. Other factors noted that enhanced the benefits of experiential knowledge included therapist self-insight and self-care, adequate training and guidance, and a safe work environment. Patients stated that being treated by a recovered therapist had a positive effect on their recovery process. It is advised to establish guidelines in the ED field about working with recovered therapists and the experiential knowledge they might use in therapy. Further research is needed on the process of when, how, and which experiential knowledge is shared by recovered therapists in therapy, and the effects of these interventions on patients and their treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Alexander de Vos
- The Human Concern Foundation, Center for Eating Disorders, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Netten
- The Human Concern Foundation, Center for Eating Disorders, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Greta Noordenbos
- Psychological Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Williams M, Haverkamp BE. Eating disorder therapists' personal eating disorder history and professional ethics: an interpretive description. Eat Disord 2015; 23:393-410. [PMID: 25719397 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2015.1013393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study sought to explore and understand eating disorder (ED) therapists' perceptions of whether and how their personal ED histories had professional ethical relevance. Analysis of multiple interviews with 11 therapist-participants indicated that they perceived their personal ED histories as having substantial ethical relevance in their day-to-day practice with ED clients. The major categories of ethics experiences that emerged were: boundaries, therapist wellness, helpfulness of personal ED history, and openness regarding therapists' personal ED histories. The findings have practical utility for the education, training, and continuing education of ED-historied practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meris Williams
- a Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology and Special Education , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
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Thapliyal P, Hay PJ. Treatment experiences of males with an eating disorder: a systematic review of qualitative studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3402/tdp.v2.25552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillipa J. Hay
- School of MedicineUniversity of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Health ResearchUniversity of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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