IL-25 promotes trophoblast proliferation and invasion via binding with IL-17RB and associated with PE

Comprehensive microarray analysis of severe preeclampsia placenta to identify differentially expressed genes, biological pathways, hub genes, and their related non-coding RNAs

INTRODUCTION

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy-related complication caused by high blood pressure in pregnant women. The severe form has more devastating effects. According to the growing evidence, the placenta is a crucial component in the pathogenesis of PE, and eliminating it will alleviate symptoms.

METHODS

GEO's severe preeclampsia placenta microarray datasets; GSE147776, GSE66273, GSE102897, and GSE10588, were chosen to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different biological pathways. The analysis of hub genes and related non-coding RNAs was done as well.

RESULTS

A total of 347 DEGs with adj p-value <0.05 and ǀlog2FoldChangeǀ> 0.5 were discovered between severe PEs and healthy pregnancies, including 204 over-expressed genes and 143 under-expressed genes. The MCC method identified ISG15, IFI44L, MX2, OAS2, MX1, FN1, LDHA, ITGB3, TKT, HK2 genes as the top ten hub genes. Interactions between hub genes and noncoding RNAs were also conducted. The most enriched pathways were as follows; HIF-1 signaling pathway; Pathways in cancer; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; Arginine biosynthesis; Human papillomavirus infection; Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis; Central carbon metabolism in cancer; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation; Cysteine and methionine metabolism; and Galactose metabolism.

DISCUSSION

This is a secondary data analysis conducted on severe preeclampsia placenta to identify differentially expressed genes, biological pathways, hub-genes, and related noncoding RNAs. Functional studies are crucial to understanding the precise role of these genes in the pathogenesis of PE. Also, accepting a gene as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for early diagnosis and management of PE requires multiple lines of evidence.

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms driving enhanced invasion capability of extravillous trophoblast cells: a comprehensive review

Precise extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion is crucial for successful placentation and pregnancy. This review focuses on elucidating the mechanisms that promote heightened EVT invasion. We comprehensively summarize the pivotal roles of hormones, angiogenesis, hypoxia, stress, the extracellular matrix microenvironment, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immunity, inflammation, programmed cell death, epigenetic modifications, and microbiota in facilitating EVT invasion. The molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced EVT invasion may provide valuable insights into potential pathogenic mechanisms associated with diseases characterized by excessive invasion, such as the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), thereby offering novel perspectives for managing pregnancy complications related to deficient EVT invasion.

Research Progress on Extracellular Matrix Involved in the Development of Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, and its primary clinical manifestations are gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Trophoblasts are responsible for the basic functions of the placenta during placental development; recent studies have revealed that placental "shallow implantation" caused by the decreased invasiveness of placental trophoblasts plays a crucial role in PE pathogenesis. The interaction between the cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. Abnormal ECM function can result in insufficient migration and invasion of placental trophoblasts, thus participating in PE. This article summarizes the recent studies on the involvement of ECM components, including small leucine-rich proteoglycans, syndecans, glypicans, laminins, fibronectin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid, in the development of PE. ECM plays various roles in PE development, most notably by controlling the activities of trophoblasts. The ECM is structurally stable and can serve as a biological diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for PE.