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Nuruki Y, Matsumoto H, Tsukada M, Tsukahara H, Takajo T, Tsuchida K, Anzai K. Method to Improve Azo-Compound (AAPH)-Induced Hemolysis of Erythrocytes for Assessing Antioxidant Activity of Lipophilic Compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:67-71. [PMID: 33390522 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the method of oxidative hemolysis for assessment of antioxidant activity of various compounds, especially lipophilic compounds. 2,2'-Azobis(amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was used as the source of free radicals for the oxidative hemolysis of horse erythrocytes. We found that absorbance at 540 nm is not appropriate for monitoring AAPH-induced hemolysis. Instead, we should use absorbance at 523 nm (an isosbestic point), because AAPH oxidizes the oxygenated hemoglobin to methemoglobin and absorbance at 540 nm does not correctly reflect the amount of released hemoglobin by AAPH-induced hemolysis. The corrected method of AAPH-induced hemolysis was applicable to assess the antioxidant activity of various hydrophilic compounds such as ascorbic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and edaravone. For the assessment of antioxidant activity of lipophilic compounds, we need appropriate dispersing agents for these lipophilic compounds. Among several agents tested, 1,2-dimiristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) liposome at a concentration of 0.34 mM was found to be useful. Exogenous α-tocopherol incorporated using DMPC liposome as a dispersing agent was shown to protect erythrocytes from AAPH-induced hemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nuruki
- Division of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Haruka Matsumoto
- Division of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Miho Tsukada
- Division of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Haruka Tsukahara
- Division of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tokuko Takajo
- Division of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazunori Tsuchida
- Division of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazunori Anzai
- Division of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
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López-Alarcón C, Fuentes-Lemus E, Figueroa JD, Dorta E, Schöneich C, Davies MJ. Azocompounds as generators of defined radical species: Contributions and challenges for free radical research. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:78-91. [PMID: 32771519 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyl radicals participate in multiple processes involved in critical changes to cells, tissues, pharmacueticals and foods. Some of these reactions explain their association with degenerative pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as cancer development. Azocompounds, and particularly AAPH (2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride), a cationic water-soluble derivative, have been employed extensively as sources of model peroxyl radicals. A considerable number of studies have reported mechanistic data on the oxidation of biologically-relevant targets, the scavenging activity of foods and natural products, and the reactions with, and responses of, cultured cells. However, despite the (supposed) experimental simplicity of using azocompounds, the chemistry of peroxyl radical production and subsequent reactions is complicated, and not always considered in sufficient depth when analyzing experimental data. The present work discusses the chemical aspects of azocompounds as generators of peroxyl (and other) radicals, together with their contribution to our understanding of biochemistry, pharmaceutical and food chemistry research. The evidence supporting a role for the formation of alkoxyl (RO•) and other radicals during thermal and photochemical decomposition of azocompounds is assessed, together with the potential influence of such species on the reactions under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan David Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Dorta
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal en Zonas Tropicales y Subtropicales, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Derouich M, Bouhlali EDT, Bammou M, Hmidani A, Sellam K, Alem C. Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant, Antiperoxidative, and Antihemolytic Properties Investigation of Three Apiaceae Species Grown in the Southeast of Morocco. SCIENTIFICA 2020; 2020:3971041. [PMID: 33029447 PMCID: PMC7530510 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3971041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, Apiaceae species have been widely employed in the southeast of Morocco for culinary and folk healing purposes. In the current study, we investigated three Apiaceae herbs known as coriander (Coriandrum sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) for their antioxidant, antiperoxidative, and antihemolytic properties. The HPLC-DAD has been used to classify and measure phenolic compounds. The major phenolic compounds studied were p-coumaric, chlorogenic, caffeic acids, luteolin, and quercetin. The polyphenol level was also estimated via Folin-Ciocalteu's method, aluminium chloride, and acidified vanillin. Parsley showed the highest polyphenol level and, thus, showed potential antioxidant activities demonstrated by DPPH, ABTS scavenging tests, and reducing power (FRAP), as well as TBARS assays. Very strong correlations were depicted among phenol levels and antioxidant assays (R 2 ≥ 0.910) and among antihemolytic activity and flavonoids (R 2 ≥ 0.927), indicating the implication of phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids, in the antiradical properties. These finding may prove the traditional use of these Apiaceae species in the management of numerous disorders cited within the Moroccan pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mgal Derouich
- Biochemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
- Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Eimad Dine Tariq Bouhlali
- National Institute for Agricultural Research, Regional Center of Errachidia, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bammou
- Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Abdelbasset Hmidani
- Biochemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Khalid Sellam
- Biology, Environment and Health Team, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Chakib Alem
- Biochemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
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Lins PG, Marina Piccoli Pugine S, Scatolini AM, de Melo MP. In vitro antioxidant activity of olive leaf extract ( Olea europaea L.) and its protective effect on oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00805. [PMID: 30255162 PMCID: PMC6148714 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant capacity of olive leaf extract (OLE), Olea europaea L., and its protective effect on peroxyl radical-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. MAIN METHODS The OLE was evaluated by the following assays: i) total phenolic and flavonoid content; ii) oleuropein content; iii) Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); iv) antioxidant activity against ABTS•+, DPPH• and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: superoxide anion ( O 2 · - ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and nitric oxide (NO•) and v) protective effect on peroxyl radical-induced oxidative damages in human erythrocytes as hemolysis, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation and oxyhemoglobin oxidation. KEY FINDINGS Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 131.7 ± 9.4 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (dw) and 19.4 ± 1.3 mg quercetin equivalents/g dw, respectively. Oleuropein content was 25.5 ± 5.2 mg/g dw. FRAP analysis was 281.8 ± 22.8 mg trolox equivalent/g dw and OLE inhibited ABTS•+ (50% effective concentration (EC50) = 16.1 ± 1.2 μg/mL) and DPPH• (EC50 = 13.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL). The extract demonstrated effective ability to scavenge O 2 · - (EC50 = 52.6 ± 2.1 μg/mL), NO• (EC50 = 48.4 ± 6.8 μg/mL) and HOCl (EC50 = 714.1 ± 31.4 μg/mL). The extract inhibited peroxyl radical-induced hemolysis (EC50 = 11.5 ± 1.5 μg/mL), TBARS formation (EC50 = 38.0 ± 11.7 μg/mL) and hemoglobin oxidation (EC50 = 186.3 ± 29.7 μg/mL) in erythrocytes. SIGNIFICANCE OLE is an important source of natural antioxidants; it has effective antioxidant activity against different reactive species and protects human erythrocytes against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariza Pires de Melo
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Han L, Li F, Yu Q, Li D. In vitro antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of Maillard reaction products from phloridzin-amino acid model systems. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:590-597. [PMID: 28664987 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro antioxidant activities and cytoprotective effect of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from phloridzin (Pz)-amino acid model systems. Their structures were also characterised by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS MRPs were prepared from the Pz-methionine (Met), Pz-lysine (Lys), Pz-isoleucine (Ile), Pz-histidine (His) or Pz-glutamic acid (Glu) model system. The Pz-Lys MRPs, rich in antioxidant potency, were subjected to ultrafiltration to yield four MRPs fractions with different molecular weights (Mw). The fraction with Mw 30-50 kDa had significantly (P < 0.05) higher antioxidant activity than other fractions. Moreover, it significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-elicited decrease in cell viability in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. FTIR analysis indicated that the fraction with Mw 30-50 kDa had the strong stretching vibration for the OH, NH, CH, CO and CC groups, suggesting the formation of intermediate MRPs during Maillard reaction. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study may provide some basis for the purported health-promoting effects of MRPs and their potential application as antioxidant agents in food industry. Also, it is important for our understanding of the variation of bioactive substances in food during thermal processing. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Han
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, P.R. China
| | - Qijian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Apple, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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6
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Welbourn EM, Wilson MT, Yusof A, Metodiev MV, Cooper CE. The mechanism of formation, structure and physiological relevance of covalent hemoglobin attachment to the erythrocyte membrane. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 103:95-106. [PMID: 28007575 PMCID: PMC5282401 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Covalent hemoglobin binding to membranes leads to band 3 (AE1) clustering and the removal of erythrocytes from the circulation; it is also implicated in blood storage lesions. Damaged hemoglobin, with the heme being in a redox and oxygen-binding inactive hemichrome form, has been implicated as the binding species. However, previous studies used strong non-physiological oxidants. In vivo hemoglobin is constantly being oxidised to methemoglobin (ferric), with around 1% of hemoglobin being in this form at any one time. In this study we tested the ability of the natural oxidised form of hemoglobin (methemoglobin) in the presence or absence of the physiological oxidant hydrogen peroxide to initiate membrane binding. The higher the oxidation state of hemoglobin (from Fe(III) to Fe(V)) the more binding was observed, with approximately 50% of this binding requiring reactive sulphydryl groups. The hemoglobin bound was in a high molecular weight complex containing spectrin, ankyrin and band 4.2, which are common to one of the cytoskeletal nodes. Unusually, we showed that hemoglobin bound in this way was redox active and capable of ligand binding. It can initiate lipid peroxidation showing the potential to cause cell damage. In vivo oxidative stress studies using extreme endurance exercise challenges showed an increase in hemoglobin membrane binding, especially in older cells with lower levels of antioxidant enzymes. These are then targeted for destruction. We propose a model where mild oxidative stress initiates the binding of redox active hemoglobin to the membrane. The maximum lifetime of the erythrocyte is thus governed by the redox activity of the cell; from the moment of its release into the circulation the timer is set.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Ashril Yusof
- Dept. of Exercise Science, Sports Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Metodi V Metodiev
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Chris E Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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Schrier SL, Centis F, Verneris M, Ma L, Angelucci E. The role of oxidant injury in the pathophysiology of human thalassemias. Redox Rep 2013; 8:241-5. [PMID: 14962357 DOI: 10.1179/135100003225002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The anemia in beta-thalassemia major is caused by a combination of hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis, with the latter being more important. Studies of the underlying cause of the hemolysis have indicated that oxidant injury to circulating red blood cells (RBCs) was of critical importance, with evidence of oxidant damage to RBC membrane proteins 4.1 and band 3. Therefore, it seemed reasonable that oxidant damage to thalassemic erythroid precursors would cause their accelerated apoptosis and ineffective erythropoiesis. However, direct analysis showed that the apoptotic programs turned on in thalassemics were not those triggered by oxidative damage but were dependent on activation of FAS/FAS-Ligand interaction. Thus, destruction of thalassemic erythroid precursors may involve different mechanisms from those that cause RBC hemolysis.
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MESH Headings
- Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte/metabolism
- Annexin A5/metabolism
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Caspase 8
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/metabolism
- Erythropoiesis/physiology
- Hemolysis/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/physiopathology
- Lymphoma/blood
- Lymphoma/etiology
- Lymphoma/physiopathology
- Membrane Potentials
- Membrane Proteins
- Mitochondria
- Oxidants
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- beta-Thalassemia/blood
- beta-Thalassemia/etiology
- beta-Thalassemia/physiopathology
- fas Receptor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley L Schrier
- Unità Operativa Ematologia e Centro Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Ospedale di Muraglia, Azienda Ospedale S. Salvatore Pesaro, Italy.
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8
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Werber J, Wang YJ, Milligan M, Li X, Ji JA. Analysis of 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride degradation and hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3307-3315. [PMID: 21560126 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), a free radical-generating azo compound, is gaining prominence as a model oxidant in small molecule and protein therapeutics, namely for its ability to initiate oxidation reactions via both nucleophilic and free radical mechanisms. To better understand its degradation pathways, AAPH was degraded at 40°C in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range. Samples were analyzed via liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The thermal decomposition rate of AAPH to form radical species averaged 2.1 × 10(-6) s(-1) and did not vary significantly with pH. The hydrolysis rate increased exponentially with pH, showing hydroxide ion dependence. A mechanism for AAPH hydrolysis is proposed. The LC-MS/MS results provided evidence that the alkoxyl radical is a major radical species in solution. The LC-MS/MS results also showed a radical disproportionation reaction and enabled the generation of an overall reaction scheme showing the various side and termination products of AAPH degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Werber
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Y John Wang
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Michael Milligan
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Drug Studies Unit, University of California, San Francisco, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Junyan A Ji
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080.
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González E, Vaillant F, Rojas G, Pérez A. Novel semiautomated method for assessing in vitro cellular antioxidant activity using the light-scattering properties of human erythrocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:1455-1461. [PMID: 20088504 DOI: 10.1021/jf903467x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The novel method developed for screening cellular antioxidant activity relies on differences in light-scattering properties (turbidity) between intact and lysed human erythrocytes. AAPH, a peroxyl radical generator, was used to enhance lipid peroxidation. The consequent hemolysis triggered a loss of the light-scattering ability in the lysed erythrocytes. When an antioxidant was added, the area under the absorbance decay curve (AUC) was linearly proportional to the concentration of antioxidant compound. This erythrocyte cellular antioxidant activity (ERYCA) method was found to be relatively fast, sensitive, accurate, and repeatable, even when using erythrocytes from different donors and for different storage times. The method was used to assess the antioxidant capacity of pure phenolic compounds, fruit juices, stimulant beverages, and blood plasma and compared with ORAC values. The values resulting from the two methods did not correlate as the mechanisms involved were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban González
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Codigo Postal 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
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10
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Celedón G, González G, Ferrer V, Lissi EA. Peroxyl-oxidized Erythrocyte Membrane Band 3 Protein with Anion Transport Capacity is Degraded by Membrane-bound Proteinase. Free Radic Res 2009; 38:1055-9. [PMID: 15512793 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human red blood cells anion exchange protein (band 3) exposed to peroxyl radicals produced by thermolysis of 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) (AAPH) is degraded by proteinases that prevent accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins. To assess whether this degradation affects anion transport capacity we used the anionic fluorescent probe 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-y) amino] ethanosulfonate (NBD-taurine). A decrease of band 3 function was observed after exposure to peroxyl radicals. In the presence of proteinase inhibitors the decrement of anion transport through band 3 was smaller indicating that removal achieved by proteinases includes oxidized band 3 which still retain transport ability. Proteinases recognize band 3 aggregates produced by peroxyl radicals as was evaluated by immunoblotting. It is concluded that decrease of band 3 transport capacity may result from a direct protein oxidation and from its degradation by proteinases and that band 3 aggregates removal may prevent macrophage recognition of the senescent condition which would lead to cell disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Celedón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso Chile
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11
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Celedón G, González G, Pino J, Lissi EA. Peroxynitrite oxidizes erythrocyte membrane band 3 protein and diminishes its anion transport capacity. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:316-23. [PMID: 17364960 DOI: 10.1080/10715760601090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe an altered membrane band 3 protein-mediated anion transport in erythrocytes exposed to peroxynitrite, and relate the loss of anion transport to cell damage and to band 3 oxidative modifications. We found that peroxynitrite down-regulate anion transport in a dose dependent relation (100-300 micromoles/l). Hemoglobin oxidation was found at all peroxynitrite concentrations studied. A dose-dependent band 3 protein crosslinking and tyrosine nitration were also observed. Band 3 protein modifications were concomitant with a decrease in transport activity. ( - )-Epicatechin avoids band 3 protein nitration but barely affects its transport capacity, suggesting that both processes are unrelated. N-acetyl cysteine partially reverted the loss of band 3 transport capacity. It is concluded that peroxynitrite promotes a decrease in anion transport that is partially due to the reversible oxidation of band 3 cysteine residues. Additionally, band 3 tyrosine nitration seems not to be relevant for the loss of its anion transport capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Celedón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
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12
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Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Butera D, Gentile C, Livrea MA. Cytoprotective effects of the antioxidant phytochemical indicaxanthin in β-thalassemia red blood cells. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:753-61. [PMID: 16984002 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600554228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant phytochemicals are investigated as novel treatments for supportive therapy in beta-thalassemia. The dietary indicaxanthin was assessed for its protective effects on human beta-thalassemic RBCs submitted in vitro to oxidative haemolysis by cumene hydroperoxide. Indicaxanthin at 1.0-10 microM enhanced the resistance to haemolysis dose-dependently. In addition, it prevented lipid and haemoglobin (Hb) oxidation, and retarded vitamin E and GSH depletion. After ex vivo spiking of blood from thalassemia patients with indicaxanthin, the phytochemical was recovered in the soluble cell compartment of the RBCs. A spectrophotometric study showed that indicaxanthin can reduce perferryl-Hb generated in solution from met-Hb and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), more effectively than either Trolox or vitamin C. Collectively our results demonstrate that indicaxanthin can be incorporated into the redox machinery of beta-thalassemic RBC and defend the cell from oxidation, possibly interfering with perferryl-Hb, a reactive intermediate in the hydroperoxide-dependent Hb degradation. Opportunities of therapeutic interest for beta-thalassemia may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tesoriere
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico Tossicologico e Biologico, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90128, Italy.
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13
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Celedón G, González G, Barrientos D, Pino J, Venegas F, Lissi EA, Soto C, Martinez D, Alvarez C, Lanio ME. Stycholysin II, a cytolysin from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus promotes higher hemolysis in aged red blood cells. Toxicon 2008; 51:1383-90. [PMID: 18423792 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the relationship between the status of red blood cells (RBCs) and their susceptibility to toxin sticholysin II (StII) hemolytic activity; we have evaluated this effect in different RBC ensembles, comprising young and old cells, and in cells partially damaged by their pre-exposition to a free radical source. Upon action of StII, young cell populations are less prone to hemolysis than the whole population, while old cell populations and peroxyl-oxidized red cells are lysed faster than the whole population. Cell K(+) content was higher in young cells and lower in both senescent cells and in peroxyl-damaged cells relative to whole cell population. The relevance of cell K(+) content in St II-induced lysis was shown when external Na(+) was partially replaced by K(+); under this condition, RBC lysed faster in the presence of St II but no difference was observed among young cells, whole cells population and peroxyl-damaged cells; only old cells lysed faster that the whole population, response that can be due to an enhanced St II-induced pore formation as supported by evaluation of St II irreversible binding to RBC. It is concluded that this factor and the amount of intracellular K(+) are the dominant parameters that modulate the resistance of RBC to St II-induced lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Celedón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
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Khositseth S, Sirikanerat A, Wongbenjarat K, Opastirakul S, Khoprasert S, Peuksungnern R, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Thongnoppakhun W, Viprakasit V, Yenchitsomanus PT. Distal renal tubular acidosis associated with anion exchanger 1 mutations in children in Thailand. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 49:841-850.e1. [PMID: 17533027 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene encoding the erythroid and kidney anion (chloride-bicarbonate) exchanger 1 may result in hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). Hemoglobinopathies are common in Thailand. We analyzed AE1 and hemoglobin mutations in children in Thailand with dRTA to evaluate their association with clinical manifestations. STUDY DESIGN Case series. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 17 patients were recruited from 6 referral hospitals in 4 regions of Thailand. PREDICTORS AE1 mutations were detected by means of nucleotide sequence alterations. Hemoglobin E (HbE) was detected by means of hemoglobin typing, and thalassemia, by means of analysis of globin genes. Hemolytic anemia was indicated by decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit values in the presence of reticulocytosis. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS Leading clinical manifestations in patients were failure to thrive and muscle weakness. Compensated or overt anemia was identified in some cases. Coexistence of AE1 mutations with HbE or alpha(+)-thalassemia was present in a number of patients. RESULTS 12 of 17 patients (70%) carried AE1 mutations, 7 patients (41%) had HbE, and 1 patient (6%) had alpha(+)-thalassemia. Patients with AE1 mutations presented with compensated hemolysis when they had metabolic acidosis. A patient with compound heterozygous Southeast Asian ovalocytosis/G701D and heterozygous alpha(+)-thalassemia showed severe hemolytic anemia. LIMITATIONS 5 patients (30%) without detectable AE1 mutation also were unknown for other genetic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Most of the patients with dRTA studied carried autosomal recessive AE1 mutations. Metabolic acidosis, which could be alleviated by adequate alkaline therapy, induced variable degrees of hemolysis in patients with dRTA associated with autosomal recessive AE1 mutations, especially in the presence of thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookkasem Khositseth
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
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González G, Celedón G, Escobar M, Sotomayor C, Ferrer V, Benítez D, Behn C. Red Cell Membrane Lipid Changes at 3500 m and on Return to Sea Level. High Alt Med Biol 2005; 6:320-6. [PMID: 16351566 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2005.6.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that acute hypobaric hypoxia, obtained in a hypobaric chamber, and subsequent reoxygenation, give rise to modifications of the erythrocyte membrane lipid dynamics, resulting in an increased lateral diffusivity of the membrane lipids, and this was interpreted as the result of a modified lipid-protein interaction. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the reoxygenation condition in individuals after 3 days at an altitude of 3,500 m above sea level. Reoxygenation was a consequence of returning to sea level. Resting blood samples from both conditions were obtained, and erythrocytes were separated and immediately lysed for membrane isolation. We measured the bilayer polarity in membranes with Laurdan, a fluorescent probe. We also measured malondialdehyde in membrane lipids, an indicator of oxidative damage. We found a 12% (p = 0.016, n = 7) increase in the polarity of the membrane bilayer surface, and an increase of 70% (p = 0.005, n = 7) in the formation of malondialdehyde in the membrane after the reoxygenation condition. The membrane bilayer polarity increase is due to an oxidative modification of the phospholipid backbone after reoxygenation. People working and/or recreating at moderate altitude (3,500 m) may be at risk of erythrocyte membrane oxidative damage upon returning to sea level, and therefore a better understanding of the processes occurring upon reoxygenation may lead to proposed strategies to minimize this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo González
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4059, Chile.
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Jing H, Kitts DD. Chemical characterization of different sugar-casein Maillard reaction products and protective effects on chemical-induced cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1833-44. [PMID: 15350681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the chemical modification of casein with three monosaccharides [e.g., glucose (Glc), fructose (fru), and ribose (Rib)], following prolonged gentle heating to product the Maillard reaction (MR). Changes in chemical modification of casein in different sugar-casein MR was monitored using temporal patters of change in fluorescence development, UV absorbance and casein molecular mass, which was studied using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Rib-casein MRP exhibited significantly (p<0.05) advanced fluorescence development at three days, compared to Glc- and Fru-casein MRPs, which corresponded to marked (p<0.05) differences in greater UV absorption of Rib-casein MRPs later on after 15 days of processing. These results were associated with the generation of different high molecular weight complexes generated from the Rib-casein MR, compared to Glu- and Fru-casein MRPs, respectively. Antioxidant activity of all three sugar-modified caseins was also assessed when cultured with Caco-2 cells. A significant, but similar protective effect against 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) radical-induced cytotoxicity, and ferrous- and cupric-induced toxicity of Caco-2 cells was observed for all three sugar-casein MRPs. However, these protective effects were not significantly different among the sugar-modified caseins and native casein. The results suggest that protection of Caco-2 cells from free radical-ferrous- and cupric-induced cytotoxicity by casein was not altered by modification by MR, regardless of source of monosaccharide involved in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jing
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of the Agricultural Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 6640 N.W. Marine Drive, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
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Allegra M, Gentile C, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA. Protective effect of melatonin against cytotoxic actions of malondialdehyde: an in vitro study on human erythrocytes. J Pineal Res 2002; 32:187-93. [PMID: 12074103 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2002.1o852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA), a by-product of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is strongly cytotoxic. Here we report the in vitro ability of melatonin to protect intact human erythrocytes against the damage induced by the exposure to MDA. MDA at 20 microM caused marked variations in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. High molecular weight fluorescent adducts were formed within minutes with membrane proteins. A 6-hr incubation led to the oxidation of membrane lipids, as reflected by the formation of conjugated diene (CD) lipid hydroperoxides and oxidation of vitamin E, and to an increase of the high molecular weight fluorescent adducts, which were an indication of MDA finally generated in the cells. Functional damage to the membrane was evident as a leakage of K+ ions into the incubation medium, and an increased resistance to osmotic lysis. A time-dependent hemolysis was observed by exposure of RBCs to 20 microM MDA for 6-12 hr. Melatonin was not a substrate for MDA, therefore it was not able to prevent the early formation of the adducts from the reaction of the MDA in the medium with membrane proteins. Melatonin, however, concentration-dependent prevented the formation of CD lipid hydroperoxides. As a consequence of counteracting the membrane lipid oxidation, the indoleamine prevented the loss of vitamin E and the increase of the fluorescent proteinaceous adducts observed after a 6-hr exposure to MDA. Melatonin also inhibited the K+ loss and returned to normal the osmotic resistance of the erythrocyte in the osmotic fragility test. By protecting membrane lipids and proteins, melatonin effectively prevented the MDA-induced time-dependent hemolysis. In the light of the known radical scavenging properties of melatonin, mechanisms of the cytoprotective effects of melatonin in our system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Allegra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicological and Biology Chemistry, University of Palermo, Italy
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Abstract
Despite discoveries concerning the molecular abnormalities that led to the thalassemic syndromes, it still is not known how accumulation of excess unmatched alpha-globin in beta thalassemia and beta-globin in alpha thalassemia leads to red blood cell hemolysis in the peripheral blood, and in the beta thalassemias particularly, premature destruction of erythroid precursors in marrow (ineffective erythropoiesis). Oxidant injury may cause hemolysis, but there is no evidence that it causes ineffective erythropoiesis. Hemoglobin E/beta thalassemia is now a worldwide clinical problem. The reasons underlying the heterogeneity and occasional severity of the syndrome remain obscure. Ineffective erythropoiesis now appears to be caused by accelerated apoptosis, in turn caused primarily by deposition of alpha-globin chains in erythroid precursors. However, it is not clear how alpha-globin deposition causes apoptosis. The author uses new observations on the control of erythropoiesis to provide a framework for studying the enhanced thalassemic erythroid apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley L Schrier
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5156, USA.
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Celedón G, González G, Lissi EA, Hidalgo G. Free radical-induced protein degradation of erythrocyte membrane is influenced by the localization of radical generation. IUBMB Life 2001; 51:377-80. [PMID: 11758806 DOI: 10.1080/152165401753366140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of the localization of free radical generation in erythrocyte membrane proteins degradation. The extracellular radical producer 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride induced a greater loss of band-3 protein in comparison with spectrin whereas the intracellular radical initiator cysteine induced the reverse effect. However, a large extent of main-chain fragmentation was observed for both proteins under the action of cysteine-derived radicals. The results show that the relative localization of the radical generation has an important influence on the degradation of specific proteins of the erythrocyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Celedón
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
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