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Kuciauskas D, Dreize N, Ger M, Kaupinis A, Zemaitis K, Stankevicius V, Suziedelis K, Cicenas J, Graves LM, Valius M. Proteomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Resistance to the Anticancer Drug RH1 Reveals the Importance of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E972. [PMID: 31336714 PMCID: PMC6678540 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer chemotherapy. Here we investigated the mechanism of acquired resistance to a novel anticancer agent RH1 designed to be activated in cancer cells by the NQO1 enzyme. Data show that in some cancer cells RH1 may act in an NQO1-independent way. Differential proteomic analysis of breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to RH1 revealed changes in cell energy, amino acid metabolism and G2/M cell cycle transition regulation. Analysis of phosphoproteomics and protein kinase activity by multiplexed kinase inhibitor beads showed an increase in the activity of protein kinases involved in the cell cycle and stemness regulation and downregulation of proapoptotic kinases such as JNK in RH1-resistant cells. Suppression of JNK leads to the increase of cancer cell resistance to RH1. Moreover, resistant cells have enhanced expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and stem cell markers. Inhibition of SCF receptor c-KIT resulted in the attenuation of cancer stem cell enrichment and decreased amounts of tumor-initiating cells. RH1-resistant cells also acquire resistance to conventional therapeutics while remaining susceptible to c-KIT-targeted therapy. Data show that RH1 can be useful to treat cancers in the NQO1-independent way, and targeting of the cancer stem cells might be an effective approach for combating resistance to RH1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalius Kuciauskas
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nadezda Dreize
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marija Ger
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristijonas Zemaitis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Stankevicius
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Suziedelis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Cicenas
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
- MAP Kinase Resource, 3027 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Induction of p53-mediated senescence is essential for the eventual anticancer therapeutic effect of RH1. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:815-823. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharma A, Arambula JF, Koo S, Kumar R, Singh H, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Hypoxia-targeted drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:771-813. [PMID: 30575832 PMCID: PMC6361706 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a state of low oxygen tension found in numerous solid tumours. It is typically associated with abnormal vasculature, which results in a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients, as well as impaired delivery of drugs. The hypoxic nature of tumours often leads to the development of localized heterogeneous environments characterized by variable oxygen concentrations, relatively low pH, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The hypoxic heterogeneity promotes tumour invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and an increase in multidrug-resistant proteins. These factors decrease the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs and can provide a barrier to advancing drug leads beyond the early stages of preclinical development. This review highlights various hypoxia-targeted and activated design strategies for the formulation of drugs or prodrugs and their mechanism of action for tumour diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Zhang K, Chen D, Ma K, Wu X, Hao H, Jiang S. NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as a Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target in Cancer. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6983-7003. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kun Ma
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of anticancer drug RH1 resistance in liver carcinoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:219-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Stulpinas A, Imbrasaitė A, Krestnikova N, Šarlauskas J, Čėnas N, Kalvelytė AV. Study of Bioreductive Anticancer Agent RH-1-Induced Signals Leading the Wild-Type p53-Bearing Lung Cancer A549 Cells to Apoptosis. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 29:26-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Stulpinas
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Imbrasaitė
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Natalija Krestnikova
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Šarlauskas
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Narimantas Čėnas
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Parkinson EI, Bair JS, Cismesia M, Hergenrother PJ. Efficient NQO1 substrates are potent and selective anticancer agents. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2173-83. [PMID: 23937670 DOI: 10.1021/cb4005832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of personalized medicine in oncology is the identification of drugs with predictable efficacy based on a specific trait of the cancer cell, as has been demonstrated with gleevec (presence of Bcr-Abl protein), herceptin (Her2 overexpression), and iressa (presence of a specific EGFR mutation). This is a challenging task, as it requires identifying a cellular component that is altered in cancer, but not normal cells, and discovering a compound that specifically interacts with it. The enzyme NQO1 is a potential target for personalized medicine, as it is overexpressed in many solid tumors. In normal cells NQO1 is inducibly expressed, and its major role is to detoxify quinones via bioreduction; however, certain quinones become more toxic after reduction by NQO1, and these compounds have potential as selective anticancer agents. Several quinones of this type have been reported, including mitomycin C, RH1, EO9, streptonigrin, β-lapachone, and deoxynyboquinone (DNQ). However, no unified picture has emerged from these studies, and the key question regarding the relationship between NQO1 processing and anticancer activity remains unanswered. Here, we directly compare these quinones as substrates for NQO1 in vitro, and for their ability to kill cancer cells in culture in an NQO1-dependent manner. We show that DNQ is a superior NQO1 substrate, and we use computationally guided design to create DNQ analogues that have a spectrum of activities with NQO1. Assessment of these compounds definitively establishes a strong relationship between in vitro NQO1 processing and induction of cancer cell death and suggests these compounds are outstanding candidates for selective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I. Parkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph S. Bair
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Megan Cismesia
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Reybier K, Perio P, Ferry G, Bouajila J, Delagrange P, Boutin JA, Nepveu F. Insights into the redox cycle of human quinone reductase 2. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:1184-95. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.605788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Danson SJ, Johnson P, Ward TH, Dawson M, Denneny O, Dickinson G, Aarons L, Watson A, Jowle D, Cummings J, Robson L, Halbert G, Dive C, Ranson M. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the bioreductive drug RH1. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:1653-1660. [PMID: 21378203 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This trial describes a first-in-man evaluation of RH1, a novel bioreductive drug activated by DT-diaphorase (DTD), an enzyme overexpressed in many tumours. PATIENTS AND METHODS A dose-escalation phase I trial of RH1 was carried out. The primary objective was to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of RH1. Secondary objectives were assessment of toxicity, pharmacokinetic determination of RH1 and pharmacodynamic assessment of drug effect through measurement of DNA cross linking in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumour, DTD activity in tumour and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) polymorphism status. RESULTS Eighteen patients of World Health Organization performance status of zero to one with advanced refractory solid malignancies were enrolled. MTD was 1430 μg/m(2)/day with reversible bone marrow suppression being dose limiting. Plasma pharmacokinetic analysis showed RH1 is rapidly cleared from blood (t(1/2) = 12.3 min), with AUC increasing proportionately with dose. The comet-X assay demonstrated dose-related increases in DNA cross linking in PBMCs. DNA cross linking was demonstrated in tumours, even with low levels of DTD. Only one patient was homozygous for NQO1 polymorphism precluding any conclusion of its effect. CONCLUSIONS RH1 was well tolerated with predictable and manageable toxicity. The MTD of 1430 μg/m(2)/day is the dose recommended for phase II trials. The biomarkers of DNA cross linking, DTD activity and NQO1 status have been validated and clinically developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Danson
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research.
| | - P Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton
| | - T H Ward
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research
| | - M Dawson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research
| | - O Denneny
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research
| | - G Dickinson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - L Aarons
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - A Watson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton
| | - D Jowle
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - J Cummings
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research
| | - L Robson
- Cancer Research UK Drug Development Office, Cancer Research UK, London
| | - G Halbert
- Cancer Research UK Formulation Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research
| | - M Ranson
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research
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Molinari A, Oliva A, Ojeda C, del Corral JMM, Castro MA, Cuevas C, San Feliciano A. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of 6-(3-Pyrazolylpropyl) Derivatives of 1,4-Naphthohydroquinone-1,4-diacetate. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2009; 342:591-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yan C, Kepa JK, Siegel D, Stratford IJ, Ross D. Dissecting the role of multiple reductases in bioactivation and cytotoxicity of the antitumor agent 2,5-diaziridinyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (RH1). Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:1657-65. [PMID: 18794327 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
2,5-Diaziridinyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (RH1) is a novel antitumor diaziridinyl benzoquinone derivative designed to be bioactivated by the two-electron reductase NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and is currently in clinical trials. NQO1 is expressed at high levels in many solid tumors. RH1 cytotoxicity has been shown previously to be NQO1-dependent. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether other reducing enzymes such as cytochrome b(5) reductase (b5R), cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R), dihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2), and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase (XO/XDH) also contribute to the bioactivation and cytotoxicity of RH1 in human tumor cells. For these studies, we established a series of stable MDA468 breast cancer cell lines overexpressing various levels of NQO1, b5R, P450R, and NQO2 and compared RH1-induced growth inhibition [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyl)tetrazolium and sulforhodamine B analysis] and interstrand DNA cross-linking (comet analysis) in both parental MDA468 cells and transfected clones. RH1 toxicity correlated with NQO1 and NQO2 but not with either b5R or P450R activity levels in the respective series of transfected MDA468 cell clones. Enzymatic assays showed that RH1 was an in vitro substrate for xanthine oxidase. However, XO/XDH protein and activity could not be detected in a variety of human tumor cell lines. These studies suggest that NQO1 and NQO2 are the principal enzymatic determinants of RH1 bioactivation in MDA468 tumor cells and that b5R, P450R, and XDH/XO are unlikely to play major roles. Our studies also suggest that NQO2 may be particularly relevant as a bioactivation system for RH1 in NQO1-deficient tumors such as leukemias and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA
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Chaaban I, EL-Khawass ES, Mahran M, El-Sayed O, El-Saidi H, Aboul-Enen H. Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of cytotoxic activity of new substituted 1,4-benzoquinones and hydroquinones. Med Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-007-9001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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