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Wehbi M, Mignion L, Joudiou N, Harkemanne E, Gallez B. Highly Sensitive Detection of Melanin in Melanomas Using Multi-harmonic Low Frequency EPR. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:484-494. [PMID: 38519805 PMCID: PMC11211186 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low frequency EPR can noninvasively detect endogenous free radical melanin in melanocytic skin lesions and could potentially discriminate between benign atypical nevi and malignant melanoma lesions. We recently succeeded in demonstrating the ability of clinical EPR to noninvasively detect the endogenous melanin free radical in skin lesions of patients. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was extremely low warranting further research to boost the sensitivity of detection. In the present study, we assessed the performance of a clinical EPR system with the capability to perform multi-harmonic (MH) analysis for the detection of melanin. PROCEDURES The sensitivity of MH-EPR was compared with a classical continuous wave (CW)-EPR (1st harmonic) detection in vitro in melanin phantoms, in vivo in melanoma models with cells implanted in the skin, in lymph nodes and having colonized the lungs, and finally on phantoms placed at the surface of human skin. RESULTS In vitro, we observed an increase in SNR by a factor of 10 in flat melanin phantoms when using MH analysis compared to CW combined with an increase in modulation amplitude. In B16 melanomas having grown in the skin of hairless mice, we observed a boost in sensitivity in vivo similar to that observed in vitro with the capability to detect melanoma cells at an earlier stage of development. MH-EPR was also able to detect non-invasively the melanin signal coming from melanoma cells present in lymph nodes as well as in lungs. We also observed a boost of sensitivity using phantoms of melanin placed at the surface of human skin. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results are paving the way for new clinical trials that will use MH clinical EPR for the characterization of pigmented skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Wehbi
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Harkemanne
- Dermatology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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Mignion L, Desmet CM, Harkemanne E, Tromme I, Joudiou N, Wehbi M, Baurain JF, Gallez B. Noninvasive detection of the endogenous free radical melanin in human skin melanomas using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:226-233. [PMID: 35987421 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored the capability of low-frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) to noninvasively detect melanin (a stable semiquinone free radical) in the human skin. As previous in vitro studies on biopsies suggested that the EPR signal from melanin was different when measured in skin melanomas or benign nevi, we conducted a prospective first-in-man clinical EPR study in patients with skin lesions suspicious of melanoma. EPR spectra were obtained using a spectrometer operating at 1 GHz, with a surface coil placed over the area of interest. Two clinical studies were carried out: 1) healthy volunteers (n = 45) presenting different skin phototypes; 2) patients (n = 88) with skin lesions suspicious of melanoma (n = 100) requiring surgical resection. EPR data obtained before surgery were compared with histopathology results. The method was not sensitive enough to measure differences in melanin content due to changes in skin pigmentation. In patients, 92% of the spectra were analyzable. The EPR signal of melanin was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in melanoma lesions (n = 26) than that in benign atypical nevi (n = 62). A trend toward a higher signal intensity (though not significant) was observed in high Breslow depth melanomas (a marker of skin invasion) than in low Breslow lesions. To date, no naturally occurring free radicals have been detected by low-frequency EPR systems adapted for clinical studies. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the ability of this technology to detect an endogenous free radical, opening new avenues for evaluating clinical EPR as a potential aid in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mignion
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Celine M Desmet
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Harkemanne
- Dermatology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Tromme
- Dermatology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute, Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Wehbi
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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Lademann J, Mansouri P, Nahavandi A, Ahlers A, Zibakalam-Mofrad F, Brower B, Nahavandi M, Feddern F, Darvin ME, Schanzer S, Richter H, Meinke MC, Rezaii SA, Rohaninasab M, Farshi S, Iacobelli M, Jung S. In vivo skin penetration, radical protection and structural changes after topical application of a herbal oil cream compared to topical calcipotriol in mild to moderate psoriasis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:337-350. [PMID: 34404045 DOI: 10.1159/000518970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Parvin Mansouri
- Tehran University of Medical Science, TUMS, Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Schanzer
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Richter
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seyed Ahmad Rezaii
- Tehran University of Medical Science, TUMS, Research Management Office, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rohaninasab
- Tehran University of Medical Science, TUMS, Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Farshi
- Tehran University of Medical Science, TUMS, Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sora Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Matsumoto KI, Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Indo HP, Majima HJ. Effects of low-dose X-ray irradiation on melanin-derived radicals in mouse hair and skin. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:174-178. [PMID: 33041515 PMCID: PMC7533861 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify a possible index for long-term and low-dose irradiation, the effects of repeated low-dose X-ray irradiation on the amount of melanin-derived radicals in mouse hair and tail skin were investigated. Eight-week-old female C3H/HeSlc mice were irradiated by X-rays at a dose of 100 mGy/day 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Similarly, a 4-week irradiation experiment was carried out at 500 mGy/day for C3H/HeSlc mice, or at 10, 100, and 500 mGy/day for 8-week-old female C57BL/6NCrSlc mice. The hair sample (~10 mg) was weighed accurately and stuffed into a plastic tube. The 2-cm tip of the tail was sampled and lyophilized. Melanin-derived radicals in hair and tail samples were measured by X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. After X-ray irradiation at 100 mGy/day for 12 weeks, no difference was found in the amount of melanin-derived radicals in the hair of the irradiated and non-irradiated groups. X-ray irradiation at 500 mGy/day for 4 weeks increased the amount of melanin-derived radicals in hair compared with the non-irradiated group, but the baseline amount of melanin-derived radicals in hair was varied. The amount of melanin-derived radicals in the tail skin dose-dependently increased. Melanin-derived radicals in skin may be an endogenous marker for long-term and low-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Quantum-state Controlled MRI Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Quantum-state Controlled MRI Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroko P Indo
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Amanogawa Galactic Astronomy Research Center, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hideyuki J Majima
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Amanogawa Galactic Astronomy Research Center, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Department of Space Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Al Khatib M, Costa J, Baratto MC, Basosi R, Pogni R. Paramagnetism and Relaxation Dynamics in Melanin Biomaterials. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2110-2115. [PMID: 32105072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopical characterization of melanins is a prior requirement for the efficient tailoring of their radical scavenging, ultraviolet-visible radiation absorption, metal chelation, and natural pigment properties. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), exploiting the common persistent paramagnetism of melanins, represents the elective standard for the structural and dynamical characterization of their constituting radical species. Although melanins are mainly investigated using X-band (9.5 GHz) continuous wave (CW)-EPR, an integration with the application of Q-band (34 GHz) in CW and pulse EPR for the discrimination of melanin pigments of different compositions is presented here. The longitudinal relaxation times measured highlight faster relaxation rates for cysteinyldopa melanin, compared to those of the most common dopa melanin pigment, suggesting pulse EPR spin-lattice relaxation time measurements as a complementary tool for characterization of pigments of interest for biomimetic materials engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Al Khatib
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jessica Costa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Baratto
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Basosi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pogni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Charlier N, Desoil M, Gossuin Y, Gillis P, Gallez B. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging of Melanin in Honey Bee. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:123-126. [PMID: 32086746 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Honey bees play a crucial role in the nature by pollinating wild flowers. Over the past years, there has been an increasing concern regarding the honey bee colony decline. Pesticides or environmental effects targeting the biochemistry of insect chitin and cuticle coating may be in part responsible for honey bee pathologies. We here propose the use of electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) as a tool to image the melanin-chitin complexes as part of the exoskeleton of the honey bee. EPRI at 9.65 GHz was applied on intact freeze-dried bees. The imaging data were collected on the melanin peak. High-resolution images revealed that this compound is extensively distributed in the periphery of the animal, data consistent with the localization in the cuticle of the bee. While EPR of melanin has been so far explored in the context of melanoma characterization, it may offer new opportunities in research on honey bees and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Charlier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Desoil
- Biomedical Physics, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Y Gossuin
- Biomedical Physics, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - P Gillis
- Biomedical Physics, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - B Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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