Modulation of a pulsatile release drug delivery system using different swellable/rupturable materials

A current era in pulsatile drug delivery system: Drug journey based on chronobiology

Almost all biological processes in the human body are regulated by circadian rhythm, which results in drastically different biochemical and physiological conditions throughout a 24 h period. Hence, suitable drug delivery systems should be efficiently monitored to attain the required therapeutic plasma concentration and therapeutic drug responses when needed as per chrono pharmacological concepts. "Chronotherapy" is the fast and transient release of a particular quantity of drug substance post a predetermined off-release period, termed as 'lag time'. Due to rhythmic variations, it is typically unnecessary to administer a medicine drug in an unhealthy condition constantly. Pulsatile drug delivery systems have received a lot of attention in pharmaceutical development because they give a quick or rate-controlled drug release after administration, followed by an anticipated lag period. Patients with various illnesses, such as asthma, hypertension, joint inflammation, and ulcers, can benefit from a pulsatile drug delivery system. Thus, a pulsatile drug delivery system may be a potential system for managing different diseases. This review mainly focuses on pulsatile drug delivery systems. It reviews and discusses the rationale, drug release mechanism, need, and system classification. In addition, it covers mainly externally regulated pulsatile drug delivery systems and recent advances in pulsatile systems like artificial intelligence and 3D printing. It also covers the ethical issues associated with pulsatile drug delivery systems.

Nano crystalline cellulose based drug delivery system for some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro simulation studies

Nano crystalline cellulose (NCC) created a breakthrough in biomedical field because of its important characteristics like large surface area, good mechanical strength, biocompatibility, renewability and feasibility of incorporation to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. In the present study NCC based drug delivery systems (DDSs) of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were obtained by covalent bonding between hydroxyl groups of NCC with carboxyl group of NSAIDs. Developed DDSs were characterized by means of FT-IR, XRD, SEM and thermal analysis. In-vitro release study and fluorescence study showed that these systems are stable up to 18 h in upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract at pH 1.2 and released NSAIDs in sustained manner over the period of 3 h in intestine at pH 6.8-7.4. Present study performed with the aim to reuse bio-waste even in the form of DDSs is of greater therapeutic efficacy with reduced dosing frequency that overcome physiological adversities involved with NSAIDs.

The use of nanocrystalline cellulose for the binding and controlled release of drugs

The objective of this work was to investigate the use of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) as a drug delivery excipient. NCC crystallites, prepared by an acid hydrolysis method, were shown to have nanoscopic dimensions and exhibit a high degree of crystallinity. These crystallites bound significant quantities of the water soluble, ionizable drugs tetratcycline and doxorubicin, which were released rapidly over a 1-day period. Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was bound to the surface of NCC and increased the zeta potential in a concentration-dependent manner from -55 to 0 mV. NCC crystallites with CTAB-modified surfaces bound significant quantities of the hydrophobic anticancer drugs docetaxel, paclitaxel, and etoposide. These drugs were released in a controlled manner over a 2-day period. The NCC-CTAB complexes were found to bind to KU-7 cells, and evidence of cellular uptake was observed.