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Gabai A, Zeppieri M, Finocchio L, Salati C. Innovative Strategies for Drug Delivery to the Ocular Posterior Segment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1862. [PMID: 37514050 PMCID: PMC10385847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative and new drug delivery systems (DDSs) have recently been developed to vehicle treatments and drugs to the ocular posterior segment and the retina. New formulations and technological developments, such as nanotechnology, novel matrices, and non-traditional treatment strategies, open new perspectives in this field. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight promising strategies reported in the current literature based on innovative routes to overcome the anatomical and physiological barriers of the vitreoretinal structures. The paper also describes the challenges in finding appropriate and pertinent treatments that provide safety and efficacy and the problems related to patient compliance, acceptability, effectiveness, and sustained drug delivery. The clinical application of these experimental approaches can help pave the way for standardizing the use of DDSs in developing enhanced treatment strategies and personalized therapeutic options for ocular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gabai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lucia Finocchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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2
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Innovation in the Development of Synthetic and Natural Ocular Drug Delivery Systems for Eye Diseases Treatment: Focusing on Drug-Loaded Ocular Inserts, Contacts, and Intraocular Lenses. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020625. [PMID: 36839947 PMCID: PMC9961328 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, ocular drug delivery still remains a challenge, since the conventional dosage forms used for anterior and posterior ocular disease treatments, such as topical, systemic, and intraocular administration methods, present important limitations mainly related to the anatomical complexity of the eye. In particular, the blood-ocular barrier along with the corneal barrier, ocular surface, and lacrimal fluid secretion reduce the availability of the administered active compounds and their efficacy. These limitations have increased the need to develop safe and effective ocular delivery systems able to sustain the drug release in the interested ocular segment over time. In the last few years, thanks to the innovations in the materials and technologies employed, different ocular drug delivery systems have been developed. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the synthetic and natural drug-loaded ocular inserts, contacts, and intraocular lenses that have been recently developed, emphasizing the characteristics that make them promising for future ocular clinical applications.
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Zhao Y, Huang C, Zhang Z, Hong J, Xu J, Sun X, Sun J. Sustained release of brimonidine from BRI@SR@TPU implant for treatment of glaucoma. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:613-623. [PMID: 35174743 PMCID: PMC8856066 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2039806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide, and reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only factor that can be interfered to delay disease progression. As the first line and preferred method to treat glaucoma, eye drops have many shortcomings, such as low bioavailability, poor patient compliance, and unsustainable therapeutic effect. In this study, a highly efficient brimonidine (BRI) silicone rubber implant (BRI@SR@TPU implant) has been designed, prepared, characterized, and administrated for sustained relief of IOP to treat glaucoma. The in vitro BRI release from BRI@SR@TPU implants shows a sustainable release profile for up to 35 d, with decreased burst release and increased immediate drug concentration. The carrier materials are not cytotoxic to human corneal epithelial cells and conjunctival epithelial cells, and show good biocompatibility, which can be safely administrated into rabbit’s conjunctival sac. The BRI@SR@TPU implant sustainably released BRI and effectively reduced IOP for 18 d (72 times) compared to the commercial BRI eye drops (6 h). The BRI@SR@TPU implant is thus a promising noninvasive platform product for long-term IOP-reducing in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhutian Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bertens CJF, van Mechelen RJS, Berendschot TTJM, Gijs M, Wolters JEJ, Gorgels TGMF, Nuijts RMMA, Beckers HJM. Repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three tonometers for measuring intraocular pressure in rabbits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19217. [PMID: 34584185 PMCID: PMC8478901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three commonly used tonometers in animal research (TonoLab, TonoVet, and TonoPEN AVIA) in a cohort of 24 rabbits. Additionally, the impact of sedation on IOP was investigated in 21 New Zealand White rabbits with the TonoVet tonometer. Repeatability was determined using the coefficient of variation (CoV) for two observers. For the TonoLab (6.55%) and TonoVet (6.38%) the CoV was lower than for the TonoPEN AVIA (10.88%). The reproducibility was highest for the TonoVet (0.2 ± 3.3 mmHg), followed by the TonoLab (0 ± 12.89 mmHg) and lowest for the TonoPEN AVIA (− 1.48 ± 10.3 mmHg). The TonoLab and TonoVet showed the highest agreement (r = 0.85, R2 = 0.73). After sedation, a significant IOP reduction (often > 25%) was observed. Our results show that among the three tonometers tested, the TonoVet tonometer is best for use in rabbits while the TonoLab should be avoided. The impact of sedation on IOP was substantial and should be taken into account during experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J F Bertens
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ralph J S van Mechelen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Gijs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno E J Wolters
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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