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Cysewski P, Jeliński T, Przybyłek M, Mai A, Kułak J. Experimental and Machine-Learning-Assisted Design of Pharmaceutically Acceptable Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Solubility Improvement of Non-Selective COX Inhibitors Ibuprofen and Ketoprofen. Molecules 2024; 29:2296. [PMID: 38792157 PMCID: PMC11124057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are commonly used in pharmaceutical applications as excellent solubilizers of active substances. This study investigated the tuning of ibuprofen and ketoprofen solubility utilizing DESs containing choline chloride or betaine as hydrogen bond acceptors and various polyols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol) as hydrogen bond donors. Experimental solubility data were collected for all DES systems. A machine learning model was developed using COSMO-RS molecular descriptors to predict solubility. All studied DESs exhibited a cosolvency effect, increasing drug solubility at modest concentrations of water. The model accurately predicted solubility for ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and related analogs (flurbiprofen, felbinac, phenylacetic acid, diphenylacetic acid). A machine learning approach utilizing COSMO-RS descriptors enables the rational design and solubility prediction of DES formulations for improved pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cysewski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.J.); (M.P.)
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2
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Giri PM, Banerjee A, Ghosal A, Layek B. Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3995. [PMID: 38612804 PMCID: PMC11011898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) have become increasingly common during the past three decades. Approximately 15% of the total population of the world is affected by some form of NDs, resulting in physical and cognitive disability. The most common NDs include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Although NDs are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variables, neuroinflammation is known to be associated with all NDs, often leading to permanent damage to neurons of the central nervous system. Furthermore, numerous emerging pieces of evidence have demonstrated that inflammation not only supports the progression of NDs but can also serve as an initiator. Hence, various medicines capable of preventing or reducing neuroinflammation have been investigated as ND treatments. While anti-inflammatory medicine has shown promising benefits in several preclinical models, clinical outcomes are often questionable. In this review, we discuss various NDs with their current treatment strategies, the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of NDs, and the use of anti-inflammatory agents as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Mani Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Anurag Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Arpita Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Xu D, Song XJ, Chen X, Wang JW, Cui YL. Advances and future perspectives of intranasal drug delivery: A scientometric review. J Control Release 2024; 367:366-384. [PMID: 38286336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal drug delivery is as a noninvasive and efficient approach extensively utilized for treating the local, central nervous system, and systemic diseases. Despite numerous reviews delving into the application of intranasal drug delivery across biomedical fields, a comprehensive analysis of advancements and future perspectives remains elusive. This review elucidates the research progress of intranasal drug delivery through a scientometric analysis. It scrutinizes several challenges to bolster research in this domain, encompassing a thorough exploration of entry and elimination mechanisms specific to intranasal delivery, the identification of drugs compatible with the nasal cavity, the selection of dosage forms to surmount limited drug-loading capacity and poor solubility, and the identification of diseases amenable to the intranasal delivery strategy. Overall, this review furnishes a perspective aimed at galvanizing future research and development concerning intranasal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, China
| | - Xu-Jiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an 710032, China
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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4
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Dighe S, Jog S, Momin M, Sawarkar S, Omri A. Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer's Disease Management. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 38258068 PMCID: PMC10820353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition, is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive functions. Current treatment approaches primarily involve the administration of medications through oral, parenteral, and transdermal routes, aiming to improve cognitive function and alleviate symptoms. However, these treatments face limitations, such as low bioavailability and inadequate permeation. Alternative invasive methods, while explored, often entail discomfort and require specialized assistance. Therefore, the development of a non-invasive and efficient delivery system is crucial. Intranasal delivery has emerged as a potential solution, although it is constrained by the unique conditions of the nasal cavity. An innovative approach involves the use of nano-carriers based on nanotechnology for intranasal delivery. This strategy has the potential to overcome current limitations by providing enhanced bioavailability, improved permeation, effective traversal of the blood-brain barrier, extended retention within the body, and precise targeting of the brain. The comprehensive review focuses on the advancements in designing various types of nano-carriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, Quantum dots, and dendrimers. These nano-carriers are specifically tailored for the intranasal delivery of therapeutic agents aimed at combatting Alzheimer's disease. In summary, the development and utilization of intranasal delivery systems based on nanotechnology show significant potential in surmounting the constraints of current Alzheimer's disease treatment strategies. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge regulatory as well as toxicity concerns associated with this route; meticulous consideration is required when engineering a carrier. This comprehensive review underscores the potential to revolutionize Alzheimer's disease management and highlights the importance of addressing regulatory considerations for safe and effective implementations. Embracing this strategy could lead to substantial advancements in the field of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Dighe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sunil Jog
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
- Indoco Remedies Private Limited, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Gad SR, El-Gogary RI, George MY, Hathout RM. Nose-to-brain delivery of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid using optimized lipid nanocapsules: A novel alternative treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123387. [PMID: 37678474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most relevant form of dementia affecting people worldwide. AD was reported to be associated with increased oxidative stress ending up with neuronal damage. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), triterpenoid aglycone of glycyrrhizin, was reported for its powerful antioxidant activities. However, its high molecular weight and lipophilicity are two major obstacles that limit its use and cause very low brain bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to formulate the GA in lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) for enhanced nose-to-brain delivery, as well as to elucidate its potential neuroprotective effect in AD. The optimized GA-loaded LNCs exhibited nanometric size range, good stability over 6 months, sustained drug release over 24 h and high steady state flux and permeability coefficient across nasal mucosa over 8 h. In-vivo studies were conducted on five groups; control, scopolamine (SCOP)-treated, SCOP + GA-LNCs, SCOP + oral GA suspension, and SCOP + intranasal GA suspension groups. Intranasal administration of GA-LNCs, at a reduced dose of 1 mg/kg, improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats evidenced by behavioral testing, histological examination, and oxidative stress markers; catalase and superoxide dismutase. Collectively, GA-loaded LNCs (with 50 times lower dose) may provide a promising remedy for AD patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Riham I El-Gogary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Grabowska ME, Huang A, Wen Z, Li B, Wei WQ. Drug repurposing for Alzheimer's disease from 2012-2022-a 10-year literature review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1257700. [PMID: 37745051 PMCID: PMC10512468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1257700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition with few treatment options available. Drug repurposing studies have sought to identify existing drugs that could be repositioned to treat AD; however, the effectiveness of drug repurposing for AD remains unclear. This review systematically analyzes the progress made in drug repurposing for AD throughout the last decade, summarizing the suggested drug candidates and analyzing changes in the repurposing strategies used over time. We also examine the different types of data that have been leveraged to validate suggested drug repurposing candidates for AD, which to our knowledge has not been previous investigated, although this information may be especially useful in appraising the potential of suggested drug repurposing candidates. We ultimately hope to gain insight into the suggested drugs representing the most promising repurposing candidates for AD. Methods: We queried the PubMed database for AD drug repurposing studies published between 2012 and 2022. 124 articles were reviewed. We used RxNorm to standardize drug names across the reviewed studies, map drugs to their constituent ingredients, and identify prescribable drugs. We used the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System to group drugs. Results: 573 unique drugs were proposed for repurposing in AD over the last 10 years. These suggested repurposing candidates included drugs acting on the nervous system (17%), antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (16%), and drugs acting on the cardiovascular system (12%). Clozapine, a second-generation antipsychotic medication, was the most frequently suggested repurposing candidate (N = 6). 61% (76/124) of the reviewed studies performed a validation, yet only 4% (5/124) used real-world data for validation. Conclusion: A large number of potential drug repurposing candidates for AD has accumulated over the last decade. However, among these drugs, no single drug has emerged as the top candidate, making it difficult to establish research priorities. Validation of drug repurposing hypotheses is inconsistently performed, and real-world data has been critically underutilized for validation. Given the urgent need for new AD therapies, the utility of real-world data in accelerating identification of high-priority candidates for AD repurposing warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E. Grabowska
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annabelle Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Phongpradist R, Jiaranaikulwanitch J, Thongkorn K, Lekawanvijit S, Sirilun S, Chittasupho C, Poomanee W. KLVFF Conjugated Curcumin Microemulsion-Based Hydrogel for Transnasal Route: Formulation Development, Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization, and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Gels 2023; 9:610. [PMID: 37623065 PMCID: PMC10453774 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a potent natural compound used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the clinical usefulness of curcumin to treat AD is restricted by its low oral bioavailability and difficulty permeating the blood-brain barrier. To overcome such drawbacks, various alternative strategies have been explored, including the transnasal route. However, rapid mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity is a major hindrance to drug delivery. Thus, designing a delivery system for curcumin to lengthen the contact period between the drug and nasal mucosa must be employed. This study describes the optimization of KLVFF conjugated curcumin microemulsion-base hydrogel (KCMEG) to formulate a prototype transnasal preparation using the response surface method to improve a mucoadhesive property. A central composite design was employed to optimize and evaluate two influencing factors: the concentration of carbopol 940 and the percentage of KLVFF conjugated curcumin microemulsion (KCME). The physicochemical properties, anti-cholinesterase activity, and anti-aggregation activities of KCME were investigated in this study. The studied factors, in terms of main and interaction effects, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced hardness and adhesiveness. The optimized KCMEG was evaluated for pH, spreadability, and mucoadhesive properties. Ex vivo nasal ciliotoxicity to optimize KCMEG was performed through the porcine nasal mucosa. KCME was transparent, with a mean globule size of 70.8 ± 3.4 nm and a pH of 5.80 ± 0.02. The optimized KCMEG containing 2% carbopol 940 showed higher in vitro mucoadhesive potential (9.67 ± 0.13 min) compared with microemulsion and was also found to be free from nasal ciliotoxicity during histopathologic evaluation of the porcine nasal mucosa. The result revealed that both the concentration of carbopol 940 and the percentage of KCME play a crucial role in mucoadhesive properties. In conclusion, incorporating a mucoadhesive agent in a microemulsion can increase the retention time of the formulation, leading to enhanced brain delivery of the drug. Findings from the investigation revealed that KCMEG has the potential to constitute a promising approach to treating AD via transnasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungsinee Phongpradist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Kriangkrai Thongkorn
- Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Suree Lekawanvijit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Worrapan Poomanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.P.); (J.J.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
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Mir Najib Ullah SN, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Ather H, Sultana S, Almalki WH, Bharti P, Sahoo A, Dwivedi K, Khan G, Sultana S, Alzahrani A, Rahman M. Nanomedicine in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: State-of-the-Art. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1752. [PMID: 37371847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a deadly, progressive, and irreversible brain condition that impairs cognitive abilities. Globally, it affects 32.6 million individuals, and if no viable therapies are available by 2050, that figure might rise to 139 million. The current course of treatment enhances cognitive abilities and temporarily relieves symptoms, but it does not halt or slow the disease's development. Additionally, treatments are primarily offered in conventional oral dosage forms, and conventional oral treatments lack brain specialization and cause adverse effects, resulting in poor patient compliance. A potential nanotechnology-based strategy can improve the bioavailability and specificity of the drug targeting in the brain. Furthermore, this review extensively summarizes the applications of nanomedicines for the effective delivery of drugs used in the management of AD. In addition, the clinical progress of nanomedicines in AD is also discussed, and the challenges facing the clinical development of nanomedicines are addressed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hissana Ather
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaheen Sultana
- IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pragya Bharti
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Ankit Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khusbu Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sambhunath Institute of Pharmacy Jhalwa, Prayagraj 211015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alzahrani
- Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq 65779-7738, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mansour M, Nasr M, Ahmed-Farid OAH, Ahmed RF. Intranasal ondansetron microemulsion counteracting the adverse effects of cisplatin: animal study. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:199-210. [PMID: 36517694 PMCID: PMC9889460 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is considered one of the most effective and commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, but despite its high therapeutic effectiveness, most patients treated with cisplatin suffer from nausea and vomiting, neurotoxic side effects, and cerebral psychiatric disorders such as depression. Therefore, the aim of the current work was to explore whether a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (Ondansetron) administered via the oral route or intranasally in microemulsion form would alleviate cisplatin's adverse effects. METHODS The selected ondansetron microemulsion was characterized in vitro for particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, morphology, and nasal permeation, and in vivo in terms of anti-emetic and antidepressant activity, with the assessment of biochemical markers in brain homogenates. RESULTS Results revealed that both orally administered ondansetron and intranasally administered microemulsion were able to counteract the pica effect by increasing food consumption, water intake, and decreasing kaolin intake. They were also able to increase BDNF, normalize IL-6, increase serotonin, and normalize NOx, MDA, GSSH/GSH as well as 8OHdG levels in rats' brain homogenates. The intranasal ondansetron microemulsion displayed superiority compared to oral conventional ondansetron in terms of increasing food intake, reduction of stomach content, and normalization of serotonin turnover. CONCLUSION Ondansetron microemulsion can be administered by an alternative route of administration (intranasal) rather than oral, for patients on cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mansour
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Omar A. H. Ahmed-Farid
- grid.419698.bDepartment of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, 12553 Egypt
| | - Rania F. Ahmed
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
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Rajput A, Pingale P, Dhapte-Pawar V. Nasal delivery of neurotherapeutics via nanocarriers: Facets, aspects, and prospects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979682. [PMID: 36176429 PMCID: PMC9513345 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the neurological ailments which continue to represent a major public health challenge, owing to increased life expectancy and aging population. Progressive memory loss and decrease in cognitive behavior, owing to irreversible destruction of neurons along with expensive therapeutic interventions, call for an effective, alternate, yet affordable treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Safe and effective delivery of neurotherapeutics in Alzheimer’s like central nervous system (CNS) disorders still remains elusive despite the major advances in both neuroscience and drug delivery research. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) with its tight endothelial cell layer surrounded by astrocyte foot processes poses as a major barrier for the entry of drugs into the brain. Nasal drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass this blood–brain barrier and deliver a wide range of neurotherapeutic agents to the brain effectively. This nasal route comprises the olfactory or trigeminal nerves originating from the brain and terminating into the nasal cavity at the respiratory epithelium or olfactory neuroepithelium. They represent the most direct method of noninvasive entry into the brain, opening the most suitable therapeutic avenue for treatment of neurological diseases. Also, drugs loaded into nanocarriers can have better interaction with the mucosa that assists in the direct brain delivery of active molecules bypassing the BBB and achieving rapid cerebrospinal fluid levels. Lipid particulate systems, emulsion-based systems, vesicular drug delivery systems, and other nanocarriers have evolved as promising drug delivery approaches for the effective brain delivery of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs with improved permeability and bioavailability via the nasal route. Charge, size, nature of neurotherapeutics, and formulation excipients influence the effective and targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers via the nasal route. This article elaborates on the recent advances in nanocarrier-based nasal drug delivery systems for the direct and effective brain delivery of the neurotherapeutic molecules. Additionally, we have attempted to highlight various experimental strategies, underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis and therapy of central nervous system diseases, computational approaches, and clinical investigations pursued so far to attain and enhance the direct delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain via the nose-to-brain route, using nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Prashant Pingale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GES’s Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nashik, India
| | - Vividha Dhapte-Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Vividha Dhapte-Pawar, ,
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Development and Characterization of Azithromycin-Loaded Microemulsions: A Promising Tool for the Treatment of Bacterial Skin Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081040. [PMID: 36009909 PMCID: PMC9404999 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the treatment of bacterial skin infections has been considered a major healthcare issue due to the growing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The incorporation of antibiotics in appropriate nanosystems could represent a promising strategy, able to overcome several drawbacks of the topical treatment of infections, including poor drug retention within the skin. The present work aims to develop microemulsions containing azithromycin (AZT), a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic. Firstly, AZT solubility in various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants was assessed to select the main components. Subsequently, microemulsions composed of vitamin E acetate, Labrasol® and Transcutol® P were prepared and characterized for their pH, viscosity, droplet size, zeta potential and ability to release the drug and to promote its retention inside porcine skin. Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and the biocompatibility of microemulsions were evaluated. Microemulsions showed an acceptable pH and were characterized by different droplet sizes and viscosities depending on their composition. Interestingly, they provided a prolonged release of AZT and promoted its accumulation inside the skin. Finally, microemulsions retained AZT efficacy on MRSA and were not cytotoxic. Hence, the developed AZT-loaded microemulsions could be considered as useful nanocarriers for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections of the skin.
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Wan W, Liu G, Li X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Pan H, Hu J. MiR-191-5p alleviates microglial cell injury by targeting Map3k12 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12) to inhibit the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12678-12690. [PMID: 34818971 PMCID: PMC8810200 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Multiple reports have elucidated that microRNAs are promising biomarkers for AD diagnosis and treatment. Herein, the effect of miR-191-5p on microglial cell injury and the underlying mechanism were explored. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were utilized to establish mouse model of AD. Amyloid-β protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-treated microglia were applied to establish in vitro cell model of AD. MiR-191-5p expression in hippocampus and microglia was measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The viability and apoptosis of microglia were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry analyses, respectively. The binding relationship between miR-191-5p and its downstream target mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12 (Map3k12) was determined by luciferase reporter assays. Pathological degeneration of hippocampus was tested using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining. Aβ expression in hippocampus was examined via immunohistochemistry. In this study, miR-191-5p was downregulated in Aβ1-42-stimulated microglia and hippocampal tissues of APP/PS1 mice. MiR-191-5p overexpression facilitated cell viability and inhibited apoptosis rate of Aβ1-42-treated microglia. Mechanically, miR-191-5p targeted Map3k12 3'-untranslated region to downregulate Map3k12 expression. MiR-191-5p inhibited Aβ1-42-induced microglial cell injury and inactivated the MAPK signaling by downregulating Map3k12. Overall, miR-191-5p alleviated Aβ1-42-induced microglia cell injury by targeting Map3k12 to inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ganzhe Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Central Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haisong Pan
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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