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Qi QR, Tian H, Yue BS, Zhai BT, Zhao F. Research Progress of SN38 Drug Delivery System in Cancer Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:945-964. [PMID: 38293612 PMCID: PMC10826519 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The active metabolite of irinotecan (CPT-11), 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), is 100-1000 times more active than CPT-11 and has shown inhibitory effects on a range of cancer cells, including those from the rectal, small cell lung, breast, esophageal, uterine, and ovarian malignancies. Despite SN38's potent anticancer properties, its hydrophobicity and pH instability have caused substantial side effects and anticancer activity loss, which make it difficult to use in clinical settings. To solve the above problems, the construction of SN38-based drug delivery systems is one of the most feasible methods to improve drug solubility, enhance drug stability, increase drug targeting ability, improve drug bioavailability, enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, based on the targeting mechanism of drug delivery systems, this paper reviews SN38 drug delivery systems, including polymeric micelles, liposomal nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, protein nanoparticles, conjugated drug delivery systems targeted by aptamers and ligands, antibody-drug couplings, magnetic targeting, photosensitive targeting, redox-sensitive and multi-stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems, and co-loaded drug delivery systems. The focus of this review is on nanocarrier-based SN38 drug delivery systems. We hope to provide a reference for the clinical translation and application of novel SN38 medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-rui Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Tian
- Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-sen Yue
- Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing-tao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Bataille Backer P, Adekiya TA, Kim Y, Reid TER, Thomas M, Adesina SK. Development of a Targeted SN-38-Conjugate for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2615-2628. [PMID: 38250376 PMCID: PMC10795035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and fatal brain tumor, with approximately 10,000 people diagnosed every year in the United States alone. The typical survival period for individuals with glioblastoma ranges from 12 to 18 months, with significant recurrence rates. Common therapeutic modalities for brain tumors are chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The main challenges with chemotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma are high toxicity, poor selectivity, and limited accumulation of therapeutic anticancer agents in brain tumors as a result of the presence of the blood-brain barrier. To overcome these challenges, researchers have explored strategies involving the combination of targeting peptides possessing a specific affinity for overexpressed cell-surface receptors with conventional chemotherapy agents via the prodrug approach. This approach results in the creation of peptide drug conjugates (PDCs), which facilitate traversal across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enable preferential accumulation of chemotherapy within the neoplastic microenvironment, and selectively target cancerous cells. This approach increases accumulation in tumors, thereby improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing toxicity. Leveraging the affinity of the HAIYPRH (T7) peptide for the transferrin receptor (TfR) overexpressed on the blood-brain barrier and glioma cells, a novel T7-SN-38 peptide drug conjugate was developed. The T7-SN-38 peptide drug conjugate demonstrates about a 2-fold reduction in glide score (binding affinity) compared to T7 while maintaining a comparable orientation within the TfR target site using Schrödinger-2022-3 Maestro 13.3 for ligand preparation and Glide SP-Peptide docking. Additionally, SN-38 extends into a solvent-accessible region, enhancing its susceptibility to protease hydrolysis at the cathepsin B (Cat B) cleavable site. The SN-38-ether-peptide drug conjugate displayed high stability in buffer at physiological pH, and cleavage of the conjugate to release free cytotoxic SN-38 was observed in the presence of exogenous cathepsin B. The synthesized peptide drug conjugate exhibited potent cytotoxic activities in cellular models of glioblastoma in vitro. In addition, blocking transferrin receptors using the free T7 peptide resulted in a notable inhibition of cytotoxicity of the conjugate, which was reversed when exogenous cathepsin B was added to cells. This work demonstrates the potential for targeted drug delivery to the brain in the treatment of glioblastoma using the transferrin receptor-targeted T7-SN-38 conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Yushin Kim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University
of Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097-2402, United States
| | - Terry-Elinor R. Reid
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University
of Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097-2402, United States
| | - Michael Thomas
- Department
of Biology, Howard University, Washington D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Simeon K. Adesina
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington D.C. 20059, United States
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Zhang Y, Ding M, Wang L, Yin S, Zhang L, Cao X, Chen Z, Li W, Guo Q, Zhu S, Lu W, Yang T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quaternary ammonium antibody drug conjugates based on camptothecin derivatives. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292871. [PMID: 38113206 PMCID: PMC10729962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a highly promising class of cancer therapeutics, comprising antibodies, effector molecules, and linkers. Among them, DS-8201a with DXd as the effector molecule, has shown remarkable anti-tumor efficacy against solid tumors, sparking a surge of interest in ADCs with camptothecin derivatives as ADC effector molecules. In this study, we introduced and successfully constructed quaternary ammonium ADCs utilizing camptothecin derivatives WL-14 and CPTS-1 for the first time. All four ADCs displayed excellent stability under physiological conditions and in plasma, facilitating their prolonged circulation in vivo. Moreover, the four ADCs, employing Val-Cit or Val-Ala dipeptide linkers effectively achieved complete release of the effector molecules via cathepsin B. Although, the in vitro antitumor activity of these ADCs was comparatively limited, the development of quaternary ammonium ADCs based on novel camptothecin derivatives as effector molecules is still a viable and promising strategy. Significantly, our study provides valuable insights into the crucial role of linker optimization in ADCs design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sicheng Yin
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Cao
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weinan Li
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Guo
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and Manufacturing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and Manufacturing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tong Yang
- R&D Department of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Jiang M, Yao L. The recent developments of camptothecin and its derivatives as potential anti-tumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115710. [PMID: 37595544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This review article focuses on the research progress made in the structural modifications of camptothecin (CPT), a potent cytotoxic natural alkaloid. CPT possesses a unique 5-fused ring structure and exhibits various beneficial activities such as anti-proliferative, anti-fungal, insecticidal, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. CPT and its analogs, including Topotecan and Irinotecan, have been successfully developed and marketed as topoisomerase I inhibitors. To enhance the therapeutic potential of CPT, researchers have undertaken structural modifications primarily on the A, B, and E rings of the CPT core structure. These modifications aim to improve the efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties of CPT derivatives. The article reviews the advancements in hybridizing CPT with other bioactive compounds, the synthesis of novel CPT analogs, and their associated biological activities. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these modified CPT derivatives is summarized to gain insights into their structure-function correlations. In addition to discussing the modifications and biological activities of CPT derivatives, the article also touches upon the mechanism of parent drug release. Many CPT derivatives are prodrugs, meaning they require metabolic activation to generate the active form of the drug. It is a resource for researchers interested in developing novel anti-tumor agents based on CPT, addressing the limitations associated with the parent drug, and exploring various aspects of CPT modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yumeng Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yuankun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Maokai Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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5
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Zhang H, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang X, Tang Z, Chen X. Preparation of an Ultrahigh-DAR PDL1 monoclonal antibody-polymeric-SN38 conjugate for precise colon cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122285. [PMID: 37619265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the most potent active tumor-targeting agents used clinically. However, the preparation of ADCs with high drug-to-antibody ratios (DARs) remains a major challenge. Herein, a Fab-nondestructive SN38-loaded antibody-polymeric-drug conjugate (APDC), aPDL1-NPLG-SN38, was prepared that had a DAR as high as 72 for the first time, by increased numbers of payload binding sites via the carboxyl groups of poly (l-glutamic acid) (PLG). The bonding of Fc-III-4C peptide with PLG-graft-mPEG/SN38 (Fc-NPLG-SN38) was achieved using a click reaction between azide and DBCO groups. The aPDL1-NPLG-SN38 conjugate was then synthesized by the high-affinity interaction between the Fc-III-4C peptide in Fc-NPLG-SN38 and the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of PDL1 monoclonal antibody (aPDL1). This approach avoided the potential deleterious effects on the Fab structure of the monoclonal antibody. The aqueous environment used in its preparation helped maintain monoclonal antibody recognition capability. Through the specific recognition by aPDL1 of PDL1 that is highly expressed on MC38 tumors, the accumulation of aPDL1-NPLG-SN38 in the tumors was 2.8-fold greater than achieved with IgG-NPLG-SN38 that had no active tumor-targeting capability. aPDL1-NPLG-SN38 exhibited excellent therapeutic properties in both medium-sized and large MC38 tumor animal models. The present study provides the details of a novel preparation strategy for SN38-loaded ADCs having a high DAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- No. 1 Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China.
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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6
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Dai Y, Zhang Y, Ye T, Chen Y. Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Biotin-SN38-Valproic Acid Conjugates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093936. [PMID: 37175346 PMCID: PMC10179906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the strong anticancer activity of SN38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin), the severe side effects and loss of anticancer activity caused by the lack of selectivity to cancer cells and hydrolysis of ring E prevent its clinical application. To address the issue, herein a multifunctional SN38 derivative (compound 9) containing biotin (tumor-targeting group) and valproic acid (histone deacetylase inhibitor, HDACi) was synthesized via click chemistry and evaluated using MTT assay. The in vitro cytotoxicity study showed that compound 9 exhibited superior cytotoxicity than irinotecan against human cervical cancer HeLa cells, albeit it was inferior to SN38. More significantly, compound 9 significantly reduced toxicity in mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 cells, indicating that compound 9 had the capacity to enhance tumor targeting due to its cell selectivity. Further studies demonstrated that, compared with irinotecan, compound 9 induced similar apoptosis of cancer cells. Consequently, compound 9 can not only improve its tumor-targeting ability mediated by biotin but also exert potent anticancer activity through the effect of SN38 and valproic acid, indicating that the design concept is an effective strategy for the structural modification of SN38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tianxiang Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yue Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China
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Yang J, Jia L, He Z, Wang Y. Recent advances in SN-38 drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122886. [PMID: 36966982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I plays a key role in lubricatingthe wheels of DNA replication or RNA transcription through breaking and reconnecting DNA single-strand. It is widely known that camptothecin and its derivatives (CPTs) have inhibitory effects on topoisomerases I, and have obtained some clinical benefits in cancer treatment. The potent cytotoxicity makes 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) become a brilliant star among these derivatives. However, some undesirable physical and chemical properties of this compound, including poor solubility and stability, seriously hinder its effective delivery to tumor sites. In recent years, strategies to alleviate these defects have aroused extensive research interest. By focusing on the loading mechanism, basic nanodrug delivery systems with SN-38 loaded, like nanoparticles, liposomes and micelles, are demonstrated here. Additionally, functionalized nanodrug delivery systems of SN-38 including prodrug and active targeted nanodrug delivery systems and delivery systems designed to overcome drug resistance are also reviewed. At last, challenges for future research in formulation development and clinical translation of SN-38 drug delivery system are discussed.
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