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Patil RK, Srivastava V, Bhawale R, Tryphena KP, Khatri DK, Doijad N, Mehra NK. Revamping the corneal permeability and antiglaucoma therapeutic potential of brinzolamide using transniosomes: optimization, in vitro and preclinical evaluation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:947-964. [PMID: 38483291 PMCID: PMC11221373 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to explore potential of transniosomes, a hybrid vesicular system, as ocular drug-delivery vehicle. Materials & methods: Thin-film hydration technique was used to fabricate brinzolamide-loaded transniosomes (BRZ-TN) and optimized using Box-Behnken design, further exhaustively characterized for physicochemical evaluations, deformability, drug release, permeation and preclinical evaluations for antiglaucoma activity. Results: The BRZ-TN showed ultradeformability (deformability index: 5.71), exhibiting sustained drug release without irritation (irritancy score: 0) and high permeability compared with the marketed formulation or free drug suspension. The extensive in vivo investigations affirmed effective targeted delivery of transniosomes, with brinzolamide reducing intraocular pressure potentially. Conclusion: Our findings anticipated that BRZ-TN is a promising therapeutic nanocarrier for effectively delivering cargo to targeted sites by crossing corneal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh K Patil
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vaibhavi Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rohit Bhawale
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Nandkumar Doijad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
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Xuan Y, Wang C, Ghatak S, Sen CK. Tissue Nanotransfection Silicon Chip and Related Electroporation-Based Technologies for In Vivo Tissue Reprogramming. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:217. [PMID: 38276735 PMCID: PMC10820803 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tissue nanotransfection (TNT), a cutting-edge technique of in vivo gene therapy, has gained substantial attention in various applications ranging from in vivo tissue reprogramming in regenerative medicine, and wound healing to cancer treatment. This technique harnesses the advancements in the semiconductor processes, facilitating the integration of conventional transdermal gene delivery methods-nanoelectroporation and microneedle technologies. TNT silicon chips have demonstrated considerable promise in reprogramming fibroblast cells of skin in vivo into vascular or neural cells in preclinical studies to assist in the recovery of injured limbs and damaged brain tissue. More recently, the application of TNT chips has been extended to the area of exosomes, which are vital for intracellular communication to track their functionality during the wound healing process. In this review, we provide an in-depth examination of the design, fabrication, and applications of TNT silicon chips, alongside a critical analysis of the electroporation-based gene transfer mechanisms. Additionally, the review discussed the existing limitations and challenges in the current technique, which may project future trajectories in the landscape of gene therapy. Through this exploration, the review aims to shed light on the prospects of TNT in the broader context of gene therapy and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chandan K. Sen
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Ashique S, Mishra N, Mohanto S, Gowda BJ, Kumar S, Raikar AS, Masand P, Garg A, Goswami P, Kahwa I. Overview of processed excipients in ocular drug delivery: Opportunities so far and bottlenecks. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23810. [PMID: 38226207 PMCID: PMC10788286 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery presents a unique set of challenges owing to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. Processed excipients have emerged as crucial components in overcoming these challenges and improving the efficacy and safety of ocular drug delivery systems. This comprehensive overview examines the opportunities that processed excipients offer in enhancing drug delivery to the eye. By analyzing the current landscape, this review highlights the successful applications of processed excipients, such as micro- and nano-formulations, sustained-release systems, and targeted delivery strategies. Furthermore, this article delves into the bottlenecks that have impeded the widespread adoption of these excipients, including formulation stability, biocompatibility, regulatory constraints, and cost-effectiveness. Through a critical evaluation of existing research and industry practices, this review aims to provide insights into the potential avenues for innovation and development in ocular drug delivery, with a focus on addressing the existing challenges associated with processed excipients. This synthesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the promising role of processed excipients in improving ocular drug delivery systems and encourages further research and development in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, 474005, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - B.H. Jaswanth Gowda
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shubneesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharat Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Meerut 250103, UP, India
| | - Amisha S. Raikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PES Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
| | - Priya Masand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, (MIET), NH-58, Delhi-Roorkee Highway, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250005, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Goswami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
- Maharashtra Educational Society's H.K. College of Pharmacy, Mumbai: 400102.India
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Hasan M, Khatun A, Kogure K. Intradermal Delivery of Naked mRNA Vaccines via Iontophoresis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2678. [PMID: 38140019 PMCID: PMC10747697 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against infectious diseases and for anticancer immunotherapy have garnered considerable attention. Currently, mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles are administrated via intramuscular injection using a needle. However, such administration is associated with pain, needle phobia, and lack of patient compliance. Furthermore, side effects such as fever and anaphylaxis associated with the lipid nanoparticle components are also serious problems. Therefore, noninvasive, painless administration of mRNA vaccines that do not contain other problematic components is highly desirable. Antigen-presenting cells reside in the epidermis and dermis, making the skin an attractive vaccination site. Iontophoresis (ItP) uses weak electric current applied to the skin surface and offers a noninvasive permeation technology that enables intradermal delivery of hydrophilic and ionic substances. ItP-mediated intradermal delivery of biological macromolecules has also been studied. Herein, we review the literature on the use of ItP technology for intradermal delivery of naked mRNA vaccines which is expected to overcome the challenges associated with mRNA vaccination. In addition to the physical mechanism, we discuss novel biological mechanisms of iontophoresis, particularly ItP-mediated opening of the skin barriers and the intracellular uptake pathway, and how the combined mechanisms can allow for effective intradermal delivery of mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Anowara Khatun
- Department of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Chen X, Shi C, He M, Xiong S, Xia X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:352. [PMID: 37709773 PMCID: PMC10502142 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein homeostasis, or "proteostasis". The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated degradation, protein chaperons, and autophagy. ER stress is activated when proteostasis is broken with an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER. ER stress activates an adaptive unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis by initiating protein kinase R-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, and inositol requiring enzyme 1. ER stress is multifaceted, and acts on aspects at the epigenetic level, including transcription and protein processing. Accumulated data indicates its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, achromatopsia, cataracts, ocular tumors, ocular surface diseases, and myopia. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned ocular diseases from an ER stress perspective. Drugs (chemicals, neurotrophic factors, and nanoparticles), gene therapy, and stem cell therapy are used to treat ocular diseases by alleviating ER stress. We delineate the advancement of therapy targeting ER stress to provide new treatment strategies for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaoran Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meihui He
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Wei D, Pu N, Li SY, Zhao N, Song ZM, Tao Y. Application of Hydrogels in the Device of Ophthalmic Iontophoresis: Theory, Developments and Perspectives. Gels 2023; 9:519. [PMID: 37504398 PMCID: PMC10379725 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human eye is a consolidated organ with delicate structures and unique immune privileges. Ocular diseases are intractable due to the intrinsic biological barriers within the eyeball. Hydrogels are excellent drug-carrying substances with soft material and excellent properties. They have been extensively used to deliver drugs into ocular tissue via iontophoresis devices. Ophthalmic iontophoresis is an electrochemical technique using tiny electrical currents to deliver drugs into the eye non-invasively. The early infantile iontophoresis technique often required long applying time to achieve therapeutic dose in the posterior ocular segment. The potential limitations in the initial drug concentration and the maximum safe currents would also impede the efficiency and safety of iontophoresis. Moreover, the poor patient compliance always leads to mechanical damage to the cornea and sclera during application. Advantageously, the flexible drug-carrying hydrogel can be in direct contact with the eye during iontophoresis, thereby reducing mechanical damage to the ocular surface. Moreover, the water absorption and adjustable permeability of hydrogels can reduce the electrochemical (EC) reactions and enhance the efficiency of iontophoresis. In this review, we focus on recent developments of hydrogels iontophoresis in ophthalmologic practice. Refinements of the knowledge would provide an outlook for future application of hydrogels in treating ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450003, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ning Pu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450003, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zong-Ming Song
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450003, China
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