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Huang Z, Li Q, Zhang X, Xue H, Liao W, Yin C, Yuan J, Tao L, Wei Y. A series of tetraphenylene-acetonitrile AIE compounds with D-A-D' structure for drugs delivery systems of paclitaxel: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and anti-tumors effect. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114136. [PMID: 39116602 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials are attracting great attention in biomedical fields such as sensors, bioimaging, and cancer treatment, et al. due to their strong fluorescence emission in the aggregated state. In this contribution, a series of tetraphenylene-acetonitrile AIE compounds with D-A-D' structures were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction and Knoevenagel condensation, and their relationship of chemical structure and fluorescence properties was investigated in detail, among which TPPA compound was selected as the monomer owing to the longest emission wavelength at about 530 nm with low energy band gap ΔE 3.09 eV of neutral TPPA and 1.43 eV of protonated TPPA. Novel amphiphilic AIE PEG-TA copolymers were prepared by RAFT polymerization of TPPA and PEGMA with about 1.44×104 Mw and narrow PDI, and the molar ratio of TPPA in the PEG-TA1 and PEG-TA2 copolymers was about 23.4 % and 29.6 %. The as-prepared PEG-TA copolymers would self-assembled in aqueous solution to form core-shell structures with a diameter of 150-200 nm, and their emission wavelength could reversibly convert from 545 nm to 650 nm with excellent pH sensitivity. The CLSM images showed that the PEG-TA FONs and PTX drugs-loaded PTX-TA FONs could be endocytosed by cells and mainly enriched in the cytoplasm, and CCK-8 results showed that the PEG-TA FONs had excellent biocompatibility but PTX-TA FONs had high inhibition ratio for A549 cells, moreover, the flow cytometry also showed that PTX-TA FONs could result in the apoptosis of A549 cells with some extent anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfang Huang
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, PR China; School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Qiusha Li
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, PR China; School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, PR China; School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Haoyu Xue
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, PR China
| | - Wenxi Liao
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, PR China
| | - Chunmei Yin
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, PR China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Chemistry, the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Huang S, Cao Y, Guo Y, Xu L. Programmed nanocarrier loaded with paclitaxel and dual-siRNA to reverse chemoresistance by synergistic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129726. [PMID: 38290632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is commonly used in clinical tumor therapy. However, chemoresistance and the inducement of tumor metastasis severely affect the efficacy of PTX. To develop a treatment strategy to reverse chemoresistance, the co-delivery of PTX and small interfering RNA with nanocarriers were programmed in this study. The carrier we have programmed exhibits excellent safety, stability, and delivery efficiency for co-delivery of siRNA and PTX. After rapid release of siRNA, PTX could be released within 72 h. The siBcl-xL and siMcl-1 inhibited cell migration decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced the release of reactive oxygen species while synergistically functioning with the antineoplastic effects of PTX. Our strategy reduced IC50 values by 2-5-fold in different cell lines, and the results of flow cytometry confirmed increased apoptosis rates and effectively inhibited cell migration. Synergistic therapy effectively reversed chemoresistance in PTX-resistant breast cancer cells. Similarly, the synergistic administration strategy showed significant sensitizing effects in vivo. Our study demonstrates the combined application of multiple synergistic antitumor administration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Sijun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yueming Cao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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