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Floyd CG, Volk F, Flory D, Harden K, Peters CE, Taylor A. Sexual Shame as a Unique Distress Outcome of Morally Incongruent Pornography Use: Modifications and Methodological Considerations. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1293-1311. [PMID: 34853976 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Researchers focused on the model of pornography problems due to moral incongruence (PPMI) have suggested that perceptions of addiction, stemming from a misalignment between one's moral values and online sexual behavior, may lead to heightened sexual shame. Even so, it has been suggested that the associations found in previous models of PPMI may have been inflated by the inclusion of the emotional distress subscale in the widely used Cyber Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI-9), leading many to use the abridged 4-item version (i.e., the CPUI-4), which excludes emotional distress. Prior models assessing sexual shame have yet to fully address this potential methodological limitation. Considering advances in the conceptualization of PPMI and recommendations concerning best practices, a sample of participants (N = 296) that reported using pornography in the last six months was utilized to compare findings from two moderated mediation models. The first model assessed the differential strength of effects when the subscales of the CPUI-9 were assessed as separate mediators of the associations between moral incongruence and sexual shame, while the second model examined whether such associations persisted when using the recommended CPUI-4. Model results provide further justification for previous findings, indicating that associations between constructs were not the sole result of emotional distress, which supports the utility of the CPUI-4 in models that include sexual shame. Findings provide added support for sexual shame as a unique outcome among those who, due to moral incongruence, perceive that they are addicted to Internet pornography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Floyd
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, 701 Thomas Road, 612 Commerce St., Lynchburg, VA, 24515, USA.
| | - Fred Volk
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, 701 Thomas Road, 612 Commerce St., Lynchburg, VA, 24515, USA
| | - Diana Flory
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, 701 Thomas Road, 612 Commerce St., Lynchburg, VA, 24515, USA
| | - Karen Harden
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, 701 Thomas Road, 612 Commerce St., Lynchburg, VA, 24515, USA
| | - Catherine E Peters
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, 701 Thomas Road, 612 Commerce St., Lynchburg, VA, 24515, USA
| | - Anne Taylor
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, 701 Thomas Road, 612 Commerce St., Lynchburg, VA, 24515, USA
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Guidry R, Floyd CG, Volk F, Moen CE. The Exacerbating Impact of Moral Disapproval on the Relationship Between Pornography Use and Depression, Anxiety, and Relationship Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 46:103-121. [PMID: 31464162 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2019.1654579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Using an online sample of participants in committed relationships, support was found for a moderated mediation model in which depression mediated the relationship between pornography use and relationship satisfaction, and this indirect effect was moderated by level of moral disapproval. Results indicate that, among consumers of pornography, their level of moral disapproval exacerbates adverse intra- and interpersonal outcomes such as distress and decreased relationship satisfaction. These results extend the empirical literature that examines the conditional effects of moral disapproval of pornography use to relational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guidry
- Center for Counseling and Family Studies, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Fred Volk
- Center for Counseling and Family Studies, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Carolyn E Moen
- Center for Counseling and Family Studies, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA
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Sniewski L, Farvid P. Abstinence or Acceptance? A Case Series of Men’s Experiences With an Intervention Addressing Self-Perceived Problematic Pornography Use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2019.1645058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Sniewski
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Panteá Farvid
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Grubbs JB, Grant JT, Engelman J. Self-identification as a pornography addict: examining the roles of pornography use, religiousness, and moral incongruence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2019.1565848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rasmussen KR, Kohut T. Does Religious Attendance Moderate the Connection Between Pornography Consumption and Attitudes Toward Women? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:38-49. [PMID: 29185817 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1396571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Feminist theory and religious doctrines alike often suggest that pornography alters the attitudes of those who consume it, particularly with respect to how consumers view women. Many would assume that pornography would universally encourage sexism and female objectification, but recent evidence has linked pornography use with more gender egalitarian views. Using data from a large-scale, nationally representative survey, we argue that cognitive dissonance among pornography consumers could alter egalitarian attitudes. We found that those who reported consuming pornography had more egalitarian attitudes than those who did not, but this difference was stronger among those who attended religious services more regularly-those who would be likely to experience dissonance when consuming pornography. This pattern was consistent across the three egalitarian attitudes we examined: attitudes toward women in power, women in the workplace, and abortion. Our results suggest that pornography might foster progressive attitudes among those most likely to hold conservative beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor Kohut
- b Department of Psychology , University of Western Ontario
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Sniewski L, Farvid P, Carter P. The assessment and treatment of adult heterosexual men with self-perceived problematic pornography use: A review. Addict Behav 2018; 77:217-224. [PMID: 29069616 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-Perceived Problematic Porn Use (SPPPU) refers to an individual who self-identifies as addicted to porn because they feel they are unable to regulate their porn consumption, and that use interferes with everyday life. Although porn addiction has not been formally classified as its own distinct behavioral addiction, therapists and clinicians are advised to educate themselves on the current state of literature pertaining to pornography consumption given the widespread availability and consumption of sexually explicit material online. This review article begins with a general overview of pornography and porn use so that therapists and researchers can discern between non-intrusive and problematic pornography consumption patterns within their practice and understand the common characteristics of those that most commonly present with SPPPU. Thereafter, an overview and examination of therapeutic interventions for SPPPU will be identified and analysed. Finally, the review concludes with recommendations for therapists, clinicians, and future research.
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