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Du W, Sun C, Wang J, Xie W, Wang B, Liu X, Zhang Y, Fan Y. Conditions and Regulation of Mixed Culture to Promote Shiraia bambusicola and Phoma sp. BZJ6 for Laccase Production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17801. [PMID: 29259312 PMCID: PMC5736710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixing cultures induces the biosynthesis of laccase in mixed cells, produces signal molecules, and regulates the production of mixed-cell metabolites. The fungal strain, which promotes laccase production, has been isolated and screened from the host bamboos of endophytic fungi and identified as Phoma sp. BZJ6. When the culture medium is mainly composed of soluble starch, yeast extract, and Phoma sp., the laccase output can reach 4,680 U/L. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to promote the regulation of laccase synthesis. Plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors and NO-specific quenchers can inhibit not only the accumulation of ROS induced and NO synthesis but also the biosynthesis of laccase. The results indicate that the accumulation of superoxide anion radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced by the mixed culture was partially dependent on NO. The mixed culture can also reduce the biomass, increase the synthesis of total phenolics and flavonoids, and enhance the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone isomerase. This phenomenon is probably the result of the activated phenylpropanoids-flavonoid pathway. Results confirmed that the mixture culture is advantageous for laccase production and revealed that NO, O2-, and H2O2 are necessary signal molecules to induce laccase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Du
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
| | - Chunlong Sun
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Baoqin Wang
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong provincial key laboratory of eco-environmental science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
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Wheeler MJ. Immunoassay techniques. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2014; 1065:7-25. [PMID: 23996355 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-616-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
No other development has had such a major impact on the measurement of hormones as immunoassay. Reagents and assay kits can now be bought commercially but not for the more esoteric or new hormones. This chapter explains the basics of the immunoassay reaction and gives simple methods for immunoassays and immunometric assays and for the production of reagents for both antigenic and hapten hormones. Alternative methods are given for the preparation of labeled hormones as well as several possible separation procedures. The methods described here have been previously used in a wide range of assays and have stood the test of time. They will allow the production of usable immunoassays in a relatively short period of time.
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Kumar GN, Srikumar K. Molecular and computational approaches to characterize thermostable laccase gene from two xerophytic plant species. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1445-59. [PMID: 24218182 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are blue multicopper oxidases that carry out single electron transfers in the oxidation of phenols to quinones. In plants, they confer structural stability to the cell wall. Thermostable laccases were identified in xerophytes Cereus pterogonus and Opuntia vulgaris that could be used in biotechnology and industrial processes. Polyclonal anti-laccase antibodies were generated against purified laccase enzyme isoforms capable of 98-99% inhibition of the catalytic activity. Antibodies raised against lower molecular weight isoforms inhibited 70% of the catalytic activity of higher molecular forms. Only 20% inhibition was noted when assayed in reverse. A partial gene sequence of thermostable xerophytic laccase comprising 712 and 880 bp was identified employing cDNA as template. The nucleotide sequence was submitted to GenBank. The gene sequence was in silico translated into protein sequence and a 3-D structure was predicted using I-Tasser and Genesilico online servers that justified the experimental observations. Anti-laccase antibodies and nucleotide gene sequence of this thermostable plant laccase can be utilized for predicting laccase antigenic sequences and for cloning and expression of the thermostable eukaryotic laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Nirmal Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
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