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Sauer AK, Vigouroux M, Dougherty PM, Cata JP, Ingelmo PM. Pain Experience and Sensory Changes in Astronauts During and After Short-Lasting Commercial Spaceflight: A Proof-of-Concept Study. J Pain Res 2023; 16:4253-4266. [PMID: 38107368 PMCID: PMC10723599 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s440630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Space travel has been associated with musculoskeletal pain, yet little is known about the nociceptive changes and pain experience during spaceflight. This preliminary study aims to investigate the pain experience and sensory alterations in astronauts following a 17-day mission to the International Space Station (ISS) on Axiom Space's AX-1 commercial space flight. Two participants were enrolled, and data were collected pre-flight, in-flight, post-flight, and three-month post-flight. Validated pain questionnaires assessed anxiety, catastrophizing, impact on physical and mental health, disability, and overall pain experience. Qualitative interviews were conducted post-landing and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were performed. Both astronauts reported musculoskeletal pain during and after the flight, which was managed with anti-inflammatories and stretching techniques. Pain levels returned to baseline after three months. Pain questionnaires revealed heightened pain experiences in-flight and immediately post-flight, although their adequacy in assessing pain in space is uncertain. Qualitative interviews allowed astronauts to describe their pain experiences during the flight. Sensory changes included increased mechanical touch detection thresholds, temporal pain summation, heat pain thresholds, and differences in conditioned pain modulation post-flight. This preliminary study suggested that spaceflight may affect various aspects of sensory perception and regulation in astronauts, albeit in a variable manner. More data are needed to gain insight of on gain and loss of sensory functions during space missions. Further investigation into the multifactorial stressors affecting the somatosensory system during space travel could contribute to advancements in space and pain medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Sauer
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie Vigouroux
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Edwards Family Interdisciplinary Center for Complex Pain, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick M Dougherty
- Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas – MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Cata
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas – MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pablo M Ingelmo
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Edwards Family Interdisciplinary Center for Complex Pain, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Liu C, Gao X, Lou J, Li H, Chen Y, Chen M, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Chang X, Luo M, Zhai Y, Li C. Aberrant mechanical loading induces annulus fibrosus cells apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration via mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:117. [PMID: 37420255 PMCID: PMC10327399 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is closely associated with the structural damage in the annulus fibrosus (AF). Aberrant mechanical loading is an important inducement of annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) apoptosis, which contributes to the AF structural damage and aggravates IVDD, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of a mechanosensitive ion channel protein Piezo1 in aberrant mechanical loading-induced AFCs apoptosis and IVDD. METHODS Rats were subjected to lumbar instability surgery to induce the unbalanced dynamic and static forces to establish the lumbar instability model. MRI and histological staining were used to evaluate the IVDD degree. A cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-stimulated AFCs apoptosis model was established by a Flexcell system in vitro. Tunel staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) detection, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the apoptosis level. The activation of Piezo1 was detected using western blot and calcium fluorescent probes. Chemical activator Yoda1, chemical inhibitor GSMTx4, and a lentiviral shRNA-Piezo1 system (Lv-Piezo1) were utilized to regulate the function of Piezo1. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore the mechanism of Piezo1-induced AFCs apoptosis. The Calpain activity and the activation of Calpain2/Bax/Caspase3 axis were evaluated by the Calpain activity kit and western blot with the siRNA-mediated Calapin1 or Calpain2 knockdown. Intradiscal administration of Lv-Piezo1 was utilized to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Piezo1 silencing in IVDD rats. RESULTS Lumbar instability surgery promoted the expression of Piezo1 in AFCs and stimulated IVDD in rats 4 weeks after surgery. CMS elicited distinct apoptosis of AFCs, with enhanced Piezo1 activation. Yoda1 further promoted CMS-induced apoptosis of AFCs, while GSMTx4 and Lv-Piezo1 exhibited opposite effects. RNA-seq showed that knocking down Piezo1 inhibited the calcium signaling pathway. CMS enhanced Calpain activity and elevated the expression of BAX and cleaved-Caspase3. Calpain2, but not Calpain1 knockdown, inhibited the expression of BAX and cleaved-Caspase3 and alleviated AFCs apoptosis. Lv-Piezo1 significantly alleviated the progress of IVDD in rats after lumbar instability surgery. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant mechanical loading induces AFCs apoptosis to promote IVDD by activating Piezo1 and downstream Calpain2/BAX/Caspase3 pathway. Piezo1 is expected to be a potential therapeutic target in treating IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoxin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinhui Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Center of Traumatic Orthopedics, People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Molong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhilei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xian Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Menglin Luo
- Clinical Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Zhang Q, Liu G, Liu R, Liu J, Zeng X, Ren D, Yan X, Yuan X. Dual role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-ATF-6 activation in autophagy and apoptosis induced by cyclic stretch in myoblast. Apoptosis 2023; 28:796-809. [PMID: 36881290 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mandibular growth that is induced by functional appliances is closely associated with skeletal and neuromuscular adaptation. Accumulating evidence has proved that apoptosis and autophagy have a vital role in adaptation process. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study sought to determine whether ATF-6 is involved in stretch-induced apoptosis and autophagy in myoblast. The study also sought to uncover the potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL and Annexin V and PI staining. Autophagy was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and immunofluorescent staining for autophagy-related protein light chain 3 (LC3). Real time-PCR and western blot were performed to evaluate the expression level of mRNA and proteins that were associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy and apoptosis. RESULTS Cyclic stretch significantly decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis and autophagy of myoblasts time-dependently. Stretching stimuli activated ATF-6 pathway and induced ERS-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, using 4-PBA significantly inhibited ERS-related apoptosis, as well as partially decreasing autophagy. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA enhanced apoptosis by affecting the expression of CHOP and Bcl-2. However, it had no obvious effects on ERS-related proteins of GRP78 and ATF-6. More importantly, knockdown ATF-6 effectively weakened apoptosis and autophagy. It did so by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Beclin1 and CHOP, but not cleaved Caspase-12, LC3II and p62 in stretched myoblast. CONCLUSION ATF-6 pathway was activated in myoblast by mechanical stretch. ATF-6 may regulate the process of stretch-induced myoblast apoptosis and autophagy via CHOP, Bcl-2 and Beclin1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Administration of N-Acetylcysteine to Regress the Fibrogenic and Proinflammatory Effects of Oxidative Stress in Hypertrophic Ligamentum Flavum Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1380353. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1380353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is a major cause of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). In hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (LF) cells, oxidative stress activates intracellular signaling and induces the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers. This study explored whether healthy and hypertrophic LF cells respond differently to oxidative stress, via examining the levels of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, in reversing the fibrogenic and proinflammatory effects of oxidative stress in hypertrophic LF cells was investigated by assessing the expression levels of p-p38, p-p65, iNOS, TGF-β, α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen I under H2O2 treatment with or without NAC. Under oxidative stress, p-p38 increased significantly in both hypertrophic and healthy LF cells, and iNOS was elevated in only the hypertrophic LF cells. This revealed that oxidative stress negatively affected both hypertrophic and healthy LF cells, with the hypertrophic LF cells exhibiting more active inflammation than did the healthy cells. After H2O2 treatment, p-p38, p-p65, iNOS, TGF-β, vimentin, and collagen I increased significantly, and NAC administration reversed the effects of oxidative stress. These results can form the basis of a novel therapeutic treatment for LFH using antioxidants.
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Li P, Liu C, Qian L, Zheng Z, Li C, Lian Z, Liu J, Zhang Z, Wang L. miR-10396b-3p inhibits mechanical stress-induced ligamentum flavum hypertrophy by targeting IL-11. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21676. [PMID: 34042220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100169rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) leads to lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) caused by LF tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Emerging evidence has indicated that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have an important role in inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanical stress (MS) has been explored as an initiating step in LFH pathology progression; the inflammation-related miRNAs induced after mechanical stress have been implicated in fibrosis pathology. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of MS-miRNAs-LFH remains to be elucidated. Using miRNAs sequencing analysis and subsequent confirmation with qRT-PCR assays, we identified the decreased expression of miR-10396b-3p and increased expression of IL-11 (interleukin-11) as responses to the development of LSS in hypertrophied LF tissues. We also found that IL-11 is positively correlated with fibrosis indicators of collagen I and collagen III. The up-regulation of miR-10396b-3p significantly decreased the level of IL-11 expression, whereas miR-10396b-3p down-regulation increased IL-11 expression in vitro. Luciferase reporter assay indicates that IL-11 is a direct target of miR-10396b-3p. Furthermore, cyclic mechanical stress inhibits miR-10396b-3p and induces IL-11, collagen I, and collagen III in vitro. Our results showed that overexpression of miR-10396b-3p suppresses MS-induced LFH by inhibiting collagen I and III via the inhibition of IL-11. These data suggest that the MS-miR-10396b-3p-IL-11 axis plays a key role in the pathological progression of LFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengnan Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopadics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Chuang HC, Tsai KL, Tsai KJ, Tu TY, Shyong YJ, Jou IM, Hsu CC, Shih SS, Liu YF, Lin CL. Oxidative stress mediates age-related hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum by inducing inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis through activating Akt and MAPK pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24168-24183. [PMID: 33223505 PMCID: PMC7762458 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that oxidative stress induces inflammatory responses and the subsequent fibrotic processes in LF, via activation of the Akt and MAPK pathways. Specimens of LFs were collected during surgeries for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) or lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Part of the LF specimens underwent analyses for ROS, fibrotic markers, and inflammatory mediators, with the remainder minced for cell cultures. The cell cultures were treated with H2O2, after which the cells were lysed and analyzed via western blotting. The specimens of the LSS patients showed increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and were stained positively for MMP-3, MMP-9, vimentin, and fibronectin. The LF of the LSS patients had increased oxidative stress and inflammation compared to that of the LDH patients. In vitro analyses demonstrated that oxidative stress rapidly activated the Akt and MAPK pathways. Inflammatory mediators, iNOS and NF-κB, and fibrotic markers, including TGF-β, β-catenin, α-SMA and vimentin, were significantly upregulated after induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These findings revealed that oxidative stress is one of the etiological factors of LF hypertrophy, which might provide new insights into treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chun Chuang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jye Shyong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shien Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Fu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Skeleton Materials and Bio-compatibility Core Lab, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center (MDIC), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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7
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Lin CL, Kuo YT, Tsao CH, Shyong YJ, Shih SH, Tu TY. Development of an In Vitro 3D Model for Investigating Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy. Biol Proced Online 2020; 22:20. [PMID: 32884451 PMCID: PMC7460798 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is among the most crucial factors in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, which can cause back pain, lower extremity pain, cauda equina syndrome and neurogenic claudication. The exact pathogenesis of LFH remains elusive despite extensive research. Most in vitro studies investigating LFH have been carried out using conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, which do not resemble in vivo conditions, as they lack crucial pathophysiological factors found in three-dimensional (3D) LFH tissue, such as enhanced cell proliferation and cell cluster formation. In this study, we generated ligamentum flavum (LF) clusters using spheroid cultures derived from primary LFH tissue. Results The cultured LF spheroids exhibited good viability and growth on an ultra-low attachment 96-well plate (ULA 96-plate) platform according to live/dead staining. Our results showed that the 100-cell culture continued to grow in size, while the 1000-cell culture maintained its size, and the 5000-cell culture exhibited a decreasing trend in size as the culture time increased; long-term culture was validated for at least 28 days. The LF spheroids also maintained the extracellular matrix (ECM) phenotype, i.e., fibronectin, elastin, and collagen I and III. The 2D culture and 3D culture were further compared by cell cycle and Western blot analyses. Finally, we utilized hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to demonstrate that the 3D spheroids resembled part of the cell arrangement in LF hypertrophic tissue. Conclusions The developed LF spheroid model has great potential, as it provides a stable culture platform in a 3D model that can further improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of LFH and has applications in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,Skeleton Materials and Bio-compatibility Core Lab, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center (MDIC), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Che-Hao Tsao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jye Shyong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsien Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- Medical Device Innovation Center (MDIC), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
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8
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Sun C, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu X. Ligamentum flavum fibrosis and hypertrophy: Molecular pathways, cellular mechanisms, and future directions. FASEB J 2020; 34:9854-9868. [PMID: 32608536 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000635r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (LF), along with disk protrusion and facet joints degeneration, is associated with the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Of note, LF hypertrophy is deemed as an important cause of LSCS. Histologically, fibrosis is proved to be the main pathology of LF hypertrophy. Despite the numerous studies explored the mechanisms of LF fibrosis at the molecular and cellular levels, the exact mechanism remains unknown. It is suggested that pathophysiologic stimuli such as mechanical stress, aging, obesity, and some diseases are the causative factors. Then, many cytokines and growth factors secreted by LF cells and its surrounding tissues play different roles in activating the fibrotic response. Here, we summarize the current status of detailed knowledge available regarding the causative factors, pathology, molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in LF fibrosis and hypertrophy, also focusing on the possible avenues for anti-fibrotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Cell Alignment and Mitochondrial Length Change under Cyclic Stretching in Lung Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114074. [PMID: 32517296 PMCID: PMC7312583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of death. Most previous studies have been based on traditional cell-culturing methods. However, lung cells are periodically subjected to mechanical forces during breathing. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the cyclic stretching induced in lung cells may be important for lung cancer therapy. Here, we applied cyclic stretching to stimulate the continual contraction that is present under physiological conditions in lung cells. We first uncovered the stretching-induced phosphoproteome in lung cancer cell line A549 and fibroblast cell line IMR-90. We identified 2048 and 2604 phosphosites corresponding to 837 and 1008 phosphoproteins in A549 and IMR-90, respectively. Furthermore, we combined our phosphoproteomics and public gene expression data to identify the biological functions in response to cyclic stretching. Interestingly, cytoskeletal and mitochondrial reorganization were enriched. We further used cell imaging analysis to validate the profiling results and found that this physical force changed cell alignment and mitochondrial length. This study not only reveals the molecular mechanism of cyclic stretching but also provides evidence that cell stretching causes cellular rearrangement and mitochondrial length change.
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Han F, Wang J, Ding L, Hu Y, Li W, Yuan Z, Guo Q, Zhu C, Yu L, Wang H, Zhao Z, Jia L, Li J, Yu Y, Zhang W, Chu G, Chen S, Li B. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Achievements, Future, and Sustainability in Asia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:83. [PMID: 32266221 PMCID: PMC7105900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring innovative solutions to improve the healthcare of the aging and diseased population continues to be a global challenge. Among a number of strategies toward this goal, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has gradually evolved into a promising approach to meet future needs of patients. TERM has recently received increasing attention in Asia, as evidenced by the markedly increased number of researchers, publications, clinical trials, and translational products. This review aims to give a brief overview of TERM development in Asia over the last decade by highlighting some of the important advances in this field and featuring major achievements of representative research groups. The development of novel biomaterials and enabling technologies, identification of new cell sources, and applications of TERM in various tissues are briefly introduced. Finally, the achievement of TERM in Asia, including important publications, representative discoveries, clinical trials, and examples of commercial products will be introduced. Discussion on current limitations and future directions in this hot topic will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luguang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanbin Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenquan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhangqin Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianping Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luanluan Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingkang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Genglei Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
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