The stimulative function of long noncoding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 in osteosarcoma by targeting the microRNA-122/CCNG1 axis

Osteosarcoma in a ceRNET perspective

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent and fatal type of bone tumor. It is characterized by great heterogeneity of genomic aberrations, mutated genes, and cell types contribution, making therapy and patients management particularly challenging. A unifying picture of molecular mechanisms underlying the disease could help to transform those challenges into opportunities.This review deeply explores the occurrence in OS of large-scale RNA regulatory networks, denominated "competing endogenous RNA network" (ceRNET), wherein different RNA biotypes, such as long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and mRNAs can functionally interact each other by competitively binding to shared microRNAs. Here, we discuss how the unbalancing of any network component can derail the entire circuit, driving OS onset and progression by impacting on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis, and even chemotherapeutic resistance, as distilled from many studies. Intriguingly, the aberrant expression of the networks components in OS cells can be triggered also by the surroundings, through cytokines and vesicles, with their bioactive cargo of proteins and non-coding RNAs, highlighting the relevance of tumor microenvironment. A comprehensive picture of RNA regulatory networks underlying OS could pave the way for the development of innovative RNA-targeted and RNA-based therapies and new diagnostic tools, also in the perspective of precision oncology.

The Long Non-Coding RNA ANRIL in Cancers

ANRIL (Antisense Noncoding RNA in the INK4 Locus), a long non-coding RNA encoded in the human chromosome 9p21 region, is a critical factor for regulating gene expression by interacting with multiple proteins and miRNAs. It has been found to play important roles in various cellular processes, including cell cycle control and proliferation. Dysregulation of ANRIL has been associated with several diseases like cancers and cardiovascular diseases, for instance. Understanding the oncogenic role of ANRIL and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer is crucial. This review provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms and oncogenic significance of the 9p21 locus and ANRIL in cancer.

The advent of a pan-collagenous CLOVIS POINT for pathotropic targeting and cancer gene therapy, a retrospective

The 'Clovis Point'-an enabling prehistoric gain-of-function in stone-age tool technologies which empowered the Paleoindian-Americans to hunt, to strike-deep, and to kill designated target megafauna more efficiently-was created biochemically by molecular-genetic bio-engineering. This Biomedical "Clovis Point" was crafted by adapting a broad-spectrum Pan-Collagen Binding Domain (Pan-Coll/CBD) found within the immature pre-pro-peptide segment of Von Willebrand Factor into a constructive series of advanced medical applications. Developed experimentally, preclinically, and clinically into a cutting-edge Biotechnology Platform, the Clovis Point is suitable for 1) solid-state binding of growth factors on collagenous scaffolds for improved orthopedic wound healing, 2) promoting regeneration of injured/diseased tissues; and 3) autologous stem cell capture, expansion, and gene-based therapies. Subsequent adaptations of the high-affinity Pan-Coll/CBD (exposed-collagen-seeking/surveillance function) for intravenous administration in humans, enabled the physiological delivery, aka Pathotropic Targeting to diseased tissues via the modified envelopes of gene vectors; enabling 4) precision tumor-targeting for cancer gene therapy and 5) adoptive/localized immunotherapies, demonstrating improved long-term survival value-thus pioneering a proximal and accessible cell cycle control point for cancer management-empowering modern medical oncologists to address persistent problems of chemotherapy resistance, recurrence, and occult progression of metastatic disease. Recent engineering adaptations have advanced the clinical utility to include the targeted delivery of small molecule APIs: including taxanes, mAbs, and RNA-based therapeutics.

lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 Could Be an Indicator to Identify Prognosis and Status of Immune Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer (TC) is prone to recurrence, and biomarkers for predicting progression-free interval (PFI) are poorly explored. The study investigates the predictive value and underlying biological mechanisms of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 in TC. Combining RNA-seq and survival data, we identified that CDKN2B-AS1 was upregulated in TC samples and could be an excellent prognostic indicator. To exclude confounding factors, we divided patients into different subgroups using median CDKN2B-AS1 expression, and the effects of CDKN2B-AS1 on PFI and clinical features were explored in different clinical subgroups. Meanwhile, ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms revealed that CDKN2B-AS1 overexpression may suggest the active state of the immune microenvironment. On the other hand, enrichment analysis also proved the potential influence of CDKN2B-AS1 on immune regulation in TC. Finally, we created a CDKN2B-AS1, microRNAs, and TFs network and discovered a new biomarker (CDKN2B-AS1) that might be employed as a therapeutic target in TC patients.

Knockdown of long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 suppresses the progression of breast cancer by miR-122-5p/STK39 axis

The lncRNAs have been made certain to take part in the development of most cancers in multiple ways. Here, our purpose is to making observation of the biological role and function of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 in human breast cancer. Twenty-eight pairs of breast cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue from breast cancer patients were used to investigate the expression of CDKN2B-AS1 by qRT-PCR. And a lentivirus-shRNA guided CDKN2B-AS1 were to reduce its expression. The function of CDKN2B-AS1 was analyzed using a series of in vitro assays. Meanwhile, the xenograft model was used to further explicate the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in breast cancer. As for the results, there is a relative rich expression of CDKN2B-AS1 in breast cancer tissues compared with the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Compared with the human breast epithelial cell line, the abundant expression of CDKN2B-AS1 in breast cancer cells were revealed as well. Then, knockdown CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the malignant biological behaviors of MCF7 and T47D cells. In mechanism, CDKN2B-AS1 sponged the miR-122-5p to regulate STK39 expression. Furthermore, the inhibition effect with sh-CDKN2B-AS1 on breast cancer cells was alleviated by miR-122-5p inhibitor. Last, an in vivo model also confirmed that knockdown CDKN2B-AS1 retarded the growth of breast cancer. Our data concluded that knockdown of CDKN2B-AS1 suppresses the progression of breast cancer by miR-122-5p/STK39 axis.

RHO GTPase-Related Long Noncoding RNAs in Human Cancers

RHO GTPases are critical signal transducers that regulate cell adhesion, polarity, and migration through multiple signaling pathways. While all these cellular processes are crucial for the maintenance of normal cell homeostasis, disturbances in RHO GTPase-associated signaling pathways contribute to different human diseases, including many malignancies. Several members of the RHO GTPase family are frequently upregulated in human tumors. Abnormal gene regulation confirms the pivotal role of lncRNAs as critical gene regulators, and thus, they could potentially act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. lncRNAs most likely act as sponges for miRNAs, which are known to be dysregulated in various cancers. In this regard, the significant role of miRNAs targeting RHO GTPases supports the view that the aberrant expression of lncRNAs may reciprocally change the intensity of RHO GTPase-associated signaling pathways. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in lncRNA research, with a specific focus on their sponge effects on RHO GTPase-targeting miRNAs to crucially mediate gene expression in different cancer cell types and tissues. We will focus in particular on five members of the RHO GTPase family, including RHOA, RHOB, RHOC, RAC1, and CDC42, to illustrate the role of lncRNAs in cancer progression. A deeper understanding of the widespread dysregulation of lncRNAs is of fundamental importance for confirmation of their contribution to RHO GTPase-dependent carcinogenesis.