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Cheng Z, Wu X, Xie N. Prediction of compressive comfort of graded compression sleeves based on calf feature classification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:319-329. [PMID: 38146715 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2023.2298132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between the design of calf compression sleeves and the comfort of young women in long sitting and standing work environments. By studying the relationship between material elongation and comfort pressure, a prediction model was obtained. The characteristics of the calf models of 94 women were classified, and the influence of different calf characteristics on the pressure distribution and tensile value design was objectively analyzed through simulation tests. The samples were then produced based on the simulation results, and subjective and objective try-on tests and evaluations were carried out. The results show that the difference in the shape of the calf has a certain impact on the pressure distribution and comfort. The predicted value of the theoretical model is in good agreement with the actual test value. The sample can bring a suitable gradient pressure and meet the comfort requirements and safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cheng
- School of Fashion, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Textile and Clothing Digital Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Wu
- School of Fashion, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Textile and Clothing Digital Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nana Xie
- School of Fashion, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
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Hirsch T, Wahl U, Rabe E. Venous disorders as an occupational disease - a systematic review on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and modification strategies. VASA 2024; 53:172-184. [PMID: 38536202 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Forced postures are common in the workplace. Work in the primary economic sector is characterised by a high degree of physical activity and movement; however, activities in the secondary and tertiary sectors commonly require workers to stand or sit. An expansion of the tertiary sector in recent decades has meant that people in industrialised and emerging economies primarily sit or stand at work. The aim of the systematic review was to identify occupational factors relating to the presence of chronic venous disease (CVD), to place these in the context of developments in the workplace, and to determine whether measures are in place to prevent CVD. We performed a systematic literature review to analyse studies assessing work-related risk factors for CVD. We searched for publications in the PubMed database, the clinic library of BG Hospital Bergmannstrost Halle, and the registry of the German Statutory Accident Insurance. Using occupation-specific keyword combinations, we identified 27,522 publications. The publications underwent an automatic and manual filtering process according to the PRISMA guidelines and 81 publications qualified for the review. Ultimately 25 studies were included in the systematic review. All of the subjects of the studies worked in the secondary and tertiary sectors. No studies looked at the relationship between venous disorders and primary sector occupations. Standing at work for more than four hours a day, repeated heavy lifting, and cumulative time working in a sitting or standing position are risk factors for the development of CVD. Sitting is less of a risk factor than standing or walking. Occupational history and the patient's activity profile are important diagnostic tools which can help confirm a diagnosis and justify treatment when findings are inconsistent. Compression therapy is the primary form of secondary and tertiary prevention. There continues to be a lack of primary preventive measures related to workplace design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hirsch
- Practice for Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases, Vein Competency Centre, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Uwe Wahl
- BG Hospital Bergmannstrost Halle, Department of Internal Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eberhard Rabe
- Practice for Phlebology and Dermatology Dr. Pannier, Bonn, Germany
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Mayrovitz HN, Aoki KC, Colon J. Chronic Venous Insufficiency With Emphasis on the Geriatric Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e40687. [PMID: 37485203 PMCID: PMC10358300 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The underpinning of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is valvular dysfunction, which manifests on a spectrum depending on the severity of insufficiency and duration of the disease. The mainstay of treatment relies on compression therapy of a proper type and intensity. In older adults, special consideration must be taken during the patient encounter to account for age-related factors. This review discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and mimicking of CVI, focusing mainly on older adults. The epidemiology, risk factors, disease burden, and grave complications -- such as thrombosis and ulceration, are reviewed. The physiological impacts of CVI are described, providing the background for treatment strategies, including non-invasive, medical, and surgical therapies. The findings show advanced age to be an important risk factor contributing to CVI and that other age-related factors add to the risk of severe complications. Clinical assessments combined with objective measurements that assess localized skin water using tissue dielectric constant values or whole limb assessments may aid in the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, understanding the mechanism of action of compression therapy, the mainstay of CVI treatment, and its physiological impacts, allows for its informed use in geriatric patients with increased risks of potential compression-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey N Mayrovitz
- Medical Education and Simulation, Nova Southeastern University's Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, USA
| | - Kawaiola C Aoki
- Medicine, Nova Southeastern University's Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Jessica Colon
- Medicine, Nova Southeastern University's Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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Wnuk B, Ziaja D, Buczek M, Ziaja K, Banyś M. Assessing the Effectiveness of Lower Limb Home Exercises with the Use of a Prototype Exercise Robot for Continuous Passive Movement in People with Tetraparesis in the Long-Term Follow-Up: a Preliminary Report. REHABILITACJA MEDYCZNA 2022. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic venous insufficiency is the most commonly occurring vascular disease. One of the major risk factors for its development is long-term sitting or standing in prolonged unchanged position and the nature performed work.
Study aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of lower limb home exercises limb with the use of the Bella Vena robot following disease onset causing tetraparesis in long-term observation.
Materials and methods: A group of 15 patients (43.80 ± 14.97 years) was enrolled in the study. These patients had experienced whiplash injury causing total or partial inertia, with preserved mobility in the ankle joints. The total duration of the observation lasted 8 months (8 visits), during which the following parameters were assessed at the beginning and end of this period: pain intensity – according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), level of saturation on the toe, pulse rate of the lower limb via Doppler ultrasound evaluation of reflux parameters.
Result: Statistically significant improvement was achieved after home exercises within the following ranges - quality of pain intensity on VAS (p≤0.01), saturation at the level of the big toe (p≤0.05), Doppler ultrasound: reflux in the right femoral vein (p≤0.05), Doppler ultrasound: reflux in the left femoral vein (p≤0.05)
Conclusion: Home exercises with using a prototype of the Bella Vena device showed a moderate effect on improving calf pump in the group of patients with quadriplegia in long-term observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Wnuk
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Ziaja
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland / Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Science, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Buczek
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Upper Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice, Ochojec, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Banyś
- MIDMED Limited Liability Company, Katowice, Poland
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Kim DS, Won YH, Ko MH. Comparison of intermittent pneumatic compression device and compression stockings for workers with leg edema and pain after prolonged standing: a prospective crossover clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1007. [PMID: 36419142 PMCID: PMC9685841 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During prolonged standing, insufficient calf muscle pumping accompanies venous stasis and hypertension in the lower legs, resulting in valve dysfunction, venous wall problems, and sub-sequent inflammation. Compression therapy, which includes medical compression stockings (MCS) and mechanical intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), is one of the most effective therapeutic interventions for treating chronic venous diseases. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effect among resting, IPC and MCS alone, and IPC with MCS in long-standing workers (> 8 h daily). METHODS This crossover trial was conducted with 39 participants with complaints of leg edema and pain whose work involved standing for more than 8 h daily. Four treatment protocols were established for each visit as follows: protocol A (not wear MCS during work and rest without IPC after work), protocol B (wear MCS during work and rest without IPC after work), protocol C (not wear MCS during work and treat with IPC after work), and protocol D (wear MCS during work and treat with IPC after work). The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for leg pain. The secondary outcomes were leg volume (mL), circumference (cm), extracellular fluid/total body fluid (ECF/TBF), and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Outcomes were assessed before work (T0), after work (T1), and 60 min after intervention (T2). RESULTS All four protocols had significantly increased leg pain after work (T0-1) but improved 60 min after intervention (T1-2), particularly protocol C (decreased VAS by 1.9). When leg swelling was compared at T0 and T1, protocols A and C showed significant increases in leg volume and circumference, indicating significant work-induced edema, whereas protocols B and D showed no change or even a decrease. After interventions, leg volume and circumference significantly decreased in protocols A and C, although protocols B and C did not show significant improvement. The ECF/TBF and ECW/TBW of all protocols decreased after interventions. CONCLUSIONS Leg pain and edema after prolonged standing (T1-T2) in adults were safely and effectively improved by both IPC alone and IPC with MCS. Although the use of MCS during the workday did not show improvement in leg pain immediately after work (T0-T1), both MCS with resting and MCS with IPC decreased leg pain at T1-T2 and prevented leg edema at T0-T1. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial protocol was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0005383, the date of first registration: 08/09/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sol Kim
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University–Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hui Won
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University–Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University–Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Menegatti E, Mandini S, Pagani A, Mandini B, Zerbini V, Piva T, Raisi A, Fabbri M, Fogli M, Mazzoni G, Zamboni P, Gianesini S. The Effect of Active Stretching Training in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency Monitored by Raster-Stereography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8509. [PMID: 36366206 PMCID: PMC9657419 DOI: 10.3390/s22218509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Musculoskeletal disorders can be associated with advanced clinical stages of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of active stretching (AS) training on lower limb venous function and quality of life in patients affected by CVI. (2) Methods: A prospective two-armed pilot randomized controlled was conducted. Twenty (20) CVI patients were randomly assigned to an AS training or to a control group (C) who did not receive any exercise indication. At baseline and after three months all the participants were tested for leg volumetry (LV), air plethysmography (APG), and quality of life (QoL) measured by a disease specific validated questionnaire (VVSymQ), ankle range of motion (ROM), and postural deformities using an optoelectronic body posture machine. (3) Results: At the end of the training in the AS group a significant leg volume reduction was detected (from 2340 ± 239 mL to 2239 ± 237 mL (4.3%); p < 0.0001), whereas in the C group no significant volume changes were found. The ejection fraction rate (EF%) increased significantly from 49.3 ± 9.3 to 61.1 ± 14.5, p < 0.005. A moderate-strong linear correlation with EF% and ankle ROM variation was found (R2 = 0.6790; p < 0.0034). Several postural outcomes such as pelvic tilt, pelvic torsion, and lordotic angle significantly improved in the AS group (p < 0.01, p < 0.04, p < 0.01 respectively). (4) Conclusion: The AS training impacts on the APG parameters related to the musculoskeletal pump efficiency, opening a further possibility in the management of CVI patients by means of an appropriate adapted physical exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Menegatti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Mandini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anselmo Pagani
- Vascular Diseases Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Mandini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Zerbini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Piva
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Raisi
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marinella Fabbri
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogli
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Mazzoni
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Vascular Diseases Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Gianesini
- Vascular Diseases Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Rizzato A, Marcolin G, Paoli A. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis in the workplace: The office is on fire. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1024856. [PMID: 36388282 PMCID: PMC9650196 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
From the second half of the previous century, there has been a shift toward occupations largely composed of desk-based behaviors. This, inevitably, has led to a workload reduction and a consequent lower energy expenditure. On this point, small increments of the non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) could be the rationale to reach health benefits over a prolonged period. Different published researches suggest solutions to reverse sitting time and new alternative workstations have been thought to increase total physical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of the research regarding the "NEAT approach" to weight-gain prevention in work environments. This review analyzes the main evidence regarding new alternative workstations such as standing, walking workstations, seated pedal, and gymnastic balls to replace a standard office chair.
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Szary C, Wilczko J, Plucinska D, Pachuta A, Napierala M, Bodziony A, Zawadzki M, Grzela T. The Number of Pregnancies and Deliveries and Their Association with Selected Morphological and Hemodynamic Parameters of the Pelvic and Abdominal Venous System. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040736. [PMID: 33673251 PMCID: PMC7918663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pregnancy has been identified as one of the risk factors for venous disease, the mechanism of this interaction remains unclear. Possibly, pregnancy results in overstrain and vein dilatation, which exceed their durability and persist after pregnancy. The aim of this study was the assessment of the relationship between the number of pregnancies in women with venous disease and the selected parameters of their venous systems. PATIENTS AND METHODS The retrospective assessment concerned 518 patients subjected to the diagnostics of the venous system in the lower limbs and the abdomen/pelvis using ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance or computed tomography. RESULTS We found that the occurrence of pelvic venous symptoms increases proportionally to the number of pregnancies and is correlated with ovarian and parauterine vein dilatation/incompetence (e.g., 13.5% of nulliparous women reported pelvic pain, and reflux in left ovarian veins was detected in 21.4% of the patients from that group, whereas in women after two pregnancies, pain and reflux concerned 22.8% and 90.6% of patients, respectively). In the nulliparous group, the development of venous disease resulted from the presence of anatomic abnormalities in abdominal/pelvic veins. CONCLUSIONS Our report proved that the number of pregnancies is correlated with the incidence of pelvic vein insufficiency. Although not specifically addressed in this study, some correlation was found with saphenous disease as well. However, further studies are necessary to provide more evidence about the role of pelvic vein insufficiency in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Szary
- Clinic of Phlebology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland; (C.S.); (J.W.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
- Diagnostic Imaging Center MRI & CT, Center of Sport Medicine, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Wilczko
- Clinic of Phlebology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland; (C.S.); (J.W.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Dominika Plucinska
- Clinic of Phlebology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland; (C.S.); (J.W.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anna Pachuta
- Clinic of Phlebology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland; (C.S.); (J.W.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marcin Napierala
- Clinic of Phlebology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland; (C.S.); (J.W.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anna Bodziony
- Clinic of Phlebology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland; (C.S.); (J.W.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michal Zawadzki
- Clinic of Phlebology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland; (C.S.); (J.W.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Radiology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzela
- Clinic of Phlebology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland; (C.S.); (J.W.); (D.P.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or
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