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Aggarwal M, Chakrabarti AS, Chatterjee C. Movies, stigma and choice: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 32:1019-1039. [PMID: 36727570 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Do movies reduce stigma, increasing healthcare product choices offered by firms? We provide causal evidence on this question in the context of Indian pharmaceutical markets. For unpacking these effects, we use an exogenous shock to the market due to the release of a Bollywood blockbuster movie - My Name is Khan (MNIK) where the protagonist, superstar Shahrukh Khan, suffers from Asperger's Syndrome (AS). Using a difference-in-differences design, we find a positive and statistically significant effect of MNIK (between 14% and 22% increase in variety sold and prescribed) on product differentiation and choices in the market for antipsychotic medicines used to clinically treat AS. Results are consistent using alternative controls, a placebo treatment-based test and with a variety of other robustness checks. Our findings document likely for the first-time, supply side responses to edutainment and suggests potential associated welfare effects in healthcare markets characterized by sticky demand. Implications for global health and public policy given worldwide concerns around a mental wellness epidemic with Covid-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anindya S Chakrabarti
- Economics Area, IIM Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India, Science Policy Research Unit, Business School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Chirantan Chatterjee
- Science Policy Research Unit, Business School, University of Sussex, IIM Ahmedabad & Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Brighton, UK
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Vafeiadis M, Wang W, Baker M, Shen F. Examining the Effects of Celebrity (Vs. Noncelebrity) Narratives on Opioid Addiction Prevention: Identification, Transportation, and the Moderating Role of Personal Relevance. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:271-280. [PMID: 35833499 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2097752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Celebrity disclosures and narratives are popular strategies in health promotion. However, less is known about their joint effects and the mechanisms through which they function. A 2 (narrative type: celebrity vs. layperson) x 2 (personal relevance: low vs. high) online experiment (N = 248) tested the impact of different narrative types in increasing awareness about prescription opioid abuse. Results indicated that a celebrity narrative is more persuasive than its layperson counterpart. Also, personal relevance toward opioid addiction moderated the influence of narrative type. Celebrity narratives evoked more positive attitudes toward opioid prevention and greater behavioral compliance intentions with the recommended action for low-relevance individuals. Transportation and identification mediated the effects of celebrity narratives on participants' issue attitudes and behavioral intentions, but only for low-relevance individuals. Practically, the data suggest that incorporating celebrities in health narratives about opioid addiction prevention facilitates behavioral compliance, especially for individuals to whom a pressing health issue like opioid misuse is currently of low relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Vafeiadis
- School of Communication & Journalism, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Weirui Wang
- 2 Department of Communication, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle Baker
- 3 Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fuyuan Shen
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Kresovich A. The Influence of Pop Songs Referencing Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation on College Students' Mental Health Empathy, Stigma, and Behavioral Intentions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:617-627. [PMID: 33334191 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1859724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
U.S. college students' general mental health is rapidly declining, and scholars have observed significant increases in references to depression, suicide, and mental health metaphors in popular music. Given that college students are spending more time than ever before listening to popular music, this survey aimed to assess some of the potential implications. College students (N = 253) completed an online survey about their exposure to contemporary pop songs that reference mental health difficulties such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Both college students' increased perceived personal connection (PPC) with the songs referencing mental health difficulties and parasocial relationships (PSR) with their performing artists were associated with increased mental health empathy. This increased mental health empathy mediated outcomes including reduced mental health stigma, increased support for public mental health resources, and increased willingness to support others struggling with their mental health. Neither PPC with the song nor PSR with the song's artist was associated with personal willingness to seek mental health help. However, post hoc analyses revealed that college students who reported stronger PPC to these songs also reported that they use music to "deal with their own mental health issues." This study's findings suggest that pop music artists who open up about mental health difficulties may have potential as novel message sources in communication campaigns designed to improve mental health outcomes among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kresovich
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina
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4
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Parasocial Relationships, Social Media, & Well-Being. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 45:101306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Hussain SA, Alhabash S. Nostalgic Emotional Valence and Its Effects on Help-Seeking in Depression. An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:1731-1742. [PMID: 32698622 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1794549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In times of distress, people show a tendency to remember the 'good old days,' a bittersweet emotion called Nostalgia. This study advances the role of nostalgic emotions to influence help-seeking intentions in depression. Depression is a critical public health concern, which can be mitigated by seeking professional psychological help. Several communication researchers have studied this area to improve help-seeking intentions through message design and evaluation. This study investigates the use of nostalgic valence: positive, negative, and coactive to influence help-seeking behavioral intentions. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a guiding framework, the study examined the effects of nostalgic valence on emotions, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms to seek help. The study recruited 366 participants, experiencing mild to severe levels of depression, from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three video conditions: positive, negative, or coactive nostalgia. The study resulted in two distinct findings. First, we found that positive, negative, and coactive nostalgic messages lead to different levels of emotional responses. Specifically, the coactive nostalgic condition resulted in the least positive emotional response. Second, these different levels of emotional responses are correlated with perceived behavioral control, and descriptive norms that mediated the effects of nostalgia on help-seeking intentions. The main contribution of our study is to inform health communicators about the complexity of persuading people with depression to seek help via nostalgic emotional appeals. Theoretical implications of the study in context with emotion infusion are discussed, and practical implications for interventions to design depression-related help seeking campaigns are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Hussain
- Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Arizona State University
| | - Saleem Alhabash
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University
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6
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Francis DB. "Twitter is Really Therapeutic at Times": Examination of Black Men's Twitter Conversations Following Hip-Hop Artist Kid Cudi's Depression Disclosure. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:448-456. [PMID: 33586529 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1700436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness affects a considerable number of African Americans, and Black men bare a heavy burden. Over the past few years, more and more Black male celebrities have publicly discussed their struggles with mental illness, aiming to raise awareness, educate the public, and reduce stigma around mental health in the Black community. In this exploratory study, I investigated Twitter conversations following hip-hop artist Scott "Kid Cudi" Mescudi's October 2016 depression disclosure. Following the disclosure, the hashtag #YouGoodMan was created to engage Black men on Twitter in conversations about mental health. I used thematic analysis to analyze a sample of 1,482 tweets from the hashtag. Three distinct themes emerged from this study, with implications for mental health communication. The three themes are (a) advocating for mental health disclosure, (b) providing online and offline support, and (c) acknowledging the role and impact of culture and society. The findings are discussed relevant to social representations theory, celebrity influence, and health campaigns.
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Sanghvi PB, Mehrotra S. Help-seeking for mental health concerns: review of Indian research and emergent insights. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-02-2020-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this review was to examine Indian research on help-seeking for mental health problems in adults.
Design/methodology/approach
Original Indian research studies on help-seeking for mental health, published from the year 2001−2019 were searched on PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest and OVID using a set of relevant keywords. After applying exclusion criteria, 52 relevant research studies were identified.
Findings
The reviewed studies spanned a variety of themes such as barriers and facilitators to help-seeking, sources of help-seeking, causal attributions as well as other correlates of help-seeking, process of help-seeking and interventions to increase help-seeking. The majority of these studies were carried out in general community samples or treatment-seeking samples. Very few studies incorporated non-treatment seeking distressed samples. There is a severe dearth of studies on interventions to improve help-seeking. Studies indicate multiple barriers to seeking professional help and highlight that mere knowledge about illness and availability of professional services may be insufficient to minimize delays in professional help-seeking.
Originality/value
Help-seeking in the Indian context is often a family-based decision-making process. Multi-pronged help-seeking interventions that include components aimed at reducing barriers experienced by non-treatment seeking distressed persons and empowering informal support providers with knowledge and skills for encouraging professional help-seeking in their significant others may be useful.
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Park S, Hoffner CA. Tweeting about mental health to honor Carrie Fisher: How #InHonorOfCarrie reinforced the social influence of celebrity advocacy. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kresovich A, Noar SM. The Power of Celebrity Health Events: Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Audience Involvement and Behavioral Intentions. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:501-513. [PMID: 32990198 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1818148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Audience involvement processes - such as parasocial interaction and identification - may impact an individual's response to celebrity health events, yet to date, no synthesis of the literature exists. The present meta-analysis examined audience involvement processes and their influence on health behavior intentions in the context of celebrity health events. Fourteen studies (N = 5,718) met criteria and were analyzed using meta-analytic procedures. The weighted mean effect of the association between audience involvement and behavioral intentions was r = 0.20 (95% CI, 0.08-0.31, p <.001), indicating a statistically significant small-to-medium-sized positive association. Moderator analyses revealed that celebrity disclosures and events had greater effects than depictions of a media persona with a health condition; greater effects were also found for health behaviors not requiring a medical procedure. Our findings suggest that those who most feel a sense of attachment or affinity for a celebrity or media personae may be the ones who are most likely to modify their behavioral intentions in the wake of a celebrity health event. Results highlight the need for health practitioners to recognize the role of audience involvement in celebrity health events and to better assess how to harness these opportunities to promote healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kresovich
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Jain P, Humienny R. Normative Influences on the Role of Prescription Medicine Misuse among College Students in the United States. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:331-340. [PMID: 30628463 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1563029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prescription medicine misuse is a growing problem in college campuses across the US. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recently declared that the problem has reached epidemic proportions and is leading to a significant loss of lives every day. Norms-based public health campaigns that have been used in the past to address substance abuse issues among college students have had mixed success rates. Using the theory of normative social behavior, this study argues that a lack of focus on relevant mediators and moderators could be responsible for the failure of previous norms-based campaigns. Specifically, we test and support the mediating influence of perceived outcome expectations and injunctive norms on the effect of descriptive norms on intentions to misuse prescription medicines. In addition, perceived self-efficacy and trait reactance moderated the role of descriptive norms on outcome variables. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jain
- Scripps College of Communication, Ohio University
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Jain P, Zaher Z, Mazid I. Opioids on Twitter: A Content Analysis of Conversations regarding Prescription Drugs on Social Media and Implications for Message Design. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:74-81. [PMID: 31900054 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1707911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As many as 130 lives are lost every day in the United States due to prescription drug misuse. The opioid crisis is gripping the country and disrupting the lives of millions. Not surprisingly, health organizations are desperately seeking solutions to educate and inform people regarding the issue, often seeking the help of various social media platforms. In this study, we do a content analysis of Twitter messages related to opioids in order to understand the factors that are most likely to influence content sharing. Our findings indicate that structure, source, and the actual content of the post all influence the likelihood of the content's being shared. Specifically, certain types of content enhanced the likelihood of content sharing whereas use of the term "addiction" discouraged retweeting. Theoretical and practical implications for message design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jain
- Scripps College of Communication, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Zulfia Zaher
- Department of Journalism, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Imran Mazid
- School of Communications, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
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12
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Lee SY. Media coverage of celebrity suicide caused by depression and increase in the number of people who seek depression treatment. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:598-603. [PMID: 30554108 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined how media coverage of a celebrity who died by suicide due to depression was associated with the change in the number of people who visited a psychiatrist for depression. For this, of all news articles published in South Korea between 2010 and 2017, we identified all cases in which a celebrity died by suicide due to depression. Further, from the Korean health big data system, we collected monthly data on the number of people who visited a psychiatrist for depression. Regression analyses showed that, when there was media coverage of celebrity suicide due to depression in a particular month, more people visited a psychiatrist for depression-not in the same month but in the following month. We also found that, when there was media coverage of celebrity suicide due to depression, more news articles provided information about depression treatment or prevention. But, the increase in the number of such news articles did not play mediating roles between the media coverage of celebrity suicide, of which depression was known to be the main cause, and the increase in the number of visits to a psychiatrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Communication, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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