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Production of the Food Enzyme Acetolactate Decarboxylase (ALDC) from Bacillus subtilis ICA 56 Using Agro-Industrial Residues as Feedstock. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the beer brewing process, some compounds are formed in the primary fermentation step and may affect the final quality of beer. These compounds, called off flavors, such as diacetyl, are produced during fermentation and are related to a buttery taste. The use of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) in the traditional beer brewing process may significantly increase productivity since it allows for a faster decrease in the adverse flavor caused by diacetyl. However, production costs directly impact its application. For this reason, we analyzed the effect of different cultivation media on ALDC production by Bacillus subtilis ICA 56 and process economics. Different carbon and nitrogen sources, including agro-industrial residues, were evaluated. The best result was obtained using sugarcane molasses and corn steep solids (CSS), allowing a 74% reduction in ALDC production cost and an enzyme activity of 4.43 ± 0.12 U·mL−1. The enzymatic extract was then characterized, showing an optimum temperature at 40 °C and stability at different pH levels, being able to maintain more than 80% of its catalytic capacity between pH values of 3.6 and 7.0, with higher enzymatic activity at pH 6.0 (50 mM MES Buffer), reaching an ALDC activity of 5.30 ± 0.06 U·mL−1.
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Ren K, Han R, Lu R, Bao T, Pan X, Yang T, Xu M, Rao Z. Acetoin production from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates with a modular metabolic engineering system in Bacillus subtilis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:87. [PMID: 36002902 PMCID: PMC9400278 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acetoin (AC) is a vital platform chemical widely used in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. With increasing concern over non-renewable resources and environmental issues, using low-cost biomass for acetoin production by microbial fermentation is undoubtedly a promising strategy.
Results
This work reduces the disadvantages of Bacillus subtilis during fermentation by regulating genes involved in spore formation and autolysis. Then, optimizing intracellular redox homeostasis through Rex protein mitigated the detrimental effects of NADH produced by the glycolytic metabolic pathway on the process of AC production. Subsequently, multiple pathways that compete with AC production are blocked to optimize carbon flux allocation. Finally, the population cell density-induced promoter was used to enhance the AC synthesis pathway. Fermentation was carried out in a 5-L bioreactor using bagasse lignocellulosic hydrolysate, resulting in a final titer of 64.3 g/L, which was 89.5% of the theoretical yield.
Conclusions
The recombinant strain BSMAY-4-PsrfA provides an economical and efficient strategy for large-scale industrial production of acetoin.
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Enhancement of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Bromelain by Its Immobilization on Probiotic Spore of Bacillus cereus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:847-861. [PMID: 33156496 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic application of bromelain is limited due to its sensitivity to operating conditions such as high acidity, gastric proteases in the stomach juice, chemicals, organic solvents and elevated temperature. We hypothesized that bromelain immobilized on probiotic bacterial spores would show enhanced therapeutic activity through possible synergistic or additive effects. In this study, the oedema inhibition potential of bromelain immobilized on probiotic Bacillus spores was compared to the free enzyme using the carrageenan paw oedema model with Wistar rats. In batch A rats (carrageenan-induced inflammation 30 min after receiving oral treatments), group 7 rats treated with a lower dose of spore-immobilized bromelain suspension showed the highest oedema inhibition, 89.20 ± 15.30%, while group 4 treated with a lower dose of free bromelain had oedema inhibition of 60.25 ± 13.00%. For batch B rats (carrageenan-induced inflammation after receiving oral treatment for three days), group 7 rats treated with a lower dose of spore-immobilized bromelain suspension showed higher inhibition percentage (81.94 ± 8.86) than group 4 treated with a lower dose of free bromelain (78.45 ± 4.46) after 24 h. Our results showed that used alone, the enzyme and the spores produced oedema inhibition and improved the motility of the rats. The spore-immobilized bromelain formulation performed approximately 0.9-fold better than the free bromelain and the free spores at the lower evaluated dose.
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Chen Y, Gao X, Wei Y, Liu Q, Jiang Y, Zhao L, Ulaah S. Isolation, purification and the anti-hypertensive effect of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from Ruditapes philippinarum fermented with Bacillus natto. Food Funct 2018; 9:5230-5237. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel ACE inhibitory peptide (Val-Ile-Ser-Asp-Glu-Asp-Gly-Val-Thr-His) with a high anti-hypertensive effect isolated from Ruditapes philippinarum fermented with Bacillus natto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyun Chen
- College of Life Sciences
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- College of Life Sciences
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Qi Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- Qingdao Women and Children Medical Center
- Qingdao 266035
- China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Sadeeq Ulaah
- College of Life Sciences
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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Jia X, Peng X, Liu Y, Han Y. Conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose of biomass simultaneously to acetoin by thermophilic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:232. [PMID: 29046719 PMCID: PMC5635544 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), the precursor of biofuel 2,3-butanediol, is an important bio-based platform chemical with wide applications. Fermenting the low-cost and renewable plant biomass is undoubtedly a promising strategy for acetoin production. Isothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is regarded as an efficient method for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, in which the temperature optima fitting for both lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and microbial strains. RESULTS A thermotolerant (up to 52 °C) acetoin producer Bacillus subtilis IPE5-4 which simultaneously consumed glucose and xylose was isolated and identified. By compound mutagenesis, the mutant IPE5-4-UD-4 with higher acetoin productivity was selected. When fermenting at 50 °C in a 5-L bioreactor using glucose as the feedstock by strain IPE5-4-UD-4, the acetoin concentration reached 28.83 ± 0.91 g L-1 with the acetoin yield and productivity of 0.34 g g-1 glucose and 0.60 g L-1 h-1, respectively. Furthermore, an optimized and thermophilic SSF process operating at 50 °C was conducted for acetoin production from alkali-pretreated corncob (APC). An acetoin concentration of 12.55 ± 0.28 g L-1 was achieved by strain IPE5-4-UD-4 in shake flask SSF, with the acetoin yield and productivity of 0.25 g g-1 APC and 0.17 g L-1 h-1. Meanwhile, the utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose in the SSF approach reached 96.34 and 93.29%, respectively. When further fermented at 50 °C in a 5-L bioreactor, the concentration of acetoin reached the maximum of 22.76 ± 1.16 g L-1, with the acetoin yield and productivity reaching, respectively, 0.46 g g-1 APC and 0.38 g L-1 h-1. This was by far the highest acetoin yield in SSF from lignocellulosic biomass. CONCLUSIONS This thermophilic SSF process provided an efficient and economical route for acetoin production from lignocellulosic biomass at ideal temperature for both enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Yejun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
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Zhang J, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhao C, Liu J, Tian Y, Yang L. Effect of deletion of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene (bdhA) on acetoin production of Bacillus subtilis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:761-767. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1320293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiangying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yanjun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Jinan, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Jinan, PR China
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Tian Y, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhao X, Chen W. Effect of nitrogen, carbon sources and agitation speed on acetoin production of Bacillus subtilis SF4-3. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Wu J, Ke X, Wang L, Li R, Zhang X, Jiao P, Zhuang W, Chen Y, Ying H. Recovery of Acetoin from the Ethanol–Acetoin–Acetic Acid Ternary Mixture Based on Adsorption Methodology Using a Hyper-Cross-Linked Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502105q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Wu
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xu Ke
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Renjie Li
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xin mofan Road 5, Nanjing 210009, China
- National
Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
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Tian Y, Fan Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Yang L, Liu J. OPTIMIZATION OF FERMENTATION MEDIUM FOR ACETOIN PRODUCTION BYBacillus subtilisSF4-3 USING STATISTICAL METHODS. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:529-43. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.835731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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