1
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Atia GA, Rashed F, Taher ES, Cho SG, Dayem AA, Soliman MM, Shalaby HK, Mohammed NA, Taymour N, El-Sherbiny M, Ebrahim E, Ramadan MM, Abdelkader A, Abdo M, Aldarmahi AA, Atwa AM, Bafail DA, Abdeen A. Challenges of therapeutic applications and regenerative capacities of urine based stem cells in oral, and maxillofacial reconstruction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117005. [PMID: 38945084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have gained the attention of researchers in the biomedical field in the past few years . Regarding the several varieties of cells that have been used for this purpose, USCs have demonstrated mesenchymal stem cell-like properties, such as differentiation and immunomodulation. Furthermore, they could be differentiated into several lineages. This is very interesting for regenerative techniques based on cell therapy. This review will embark on describing their separation, and profiling. We will specifically describe the USCs characteristics, in addition to their differentiation potential. Then, we will introduce and explore the primary uses of USCs. These involve thier utilization as a platform to produce stem cells, however, we shall concentrate on the utilization of USCs for therapeutic, and regenerative orofacial applications, providing an in-depth evaluation of this purpose. The final portion will address the limitations and challenges of their implementation in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Fatema Rashed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ehab S Taher
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Magdalen M Soliman
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Badr University, Egypt
| | - Hany K Shalaby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt
| | - Nourelhuda A Mohammed
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Noha Taymour
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Elturabi Ebrahim
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing College, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Aldarmahi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21582, Saudi Arabia; National Guard, Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah 21582, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Duaa A Bafail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 11829, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
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2
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Wiener DM, Huynh E, Jeyakumar I, Bax S, Sama S, Cabrera JP, Todorova V, Vangipuram M, Vaid S, Otsuka F, Sakai Y, Leonetti MD, Gómez-Sjöberg R. An open-source FACS automation system for high-throughput cell biology. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299402. [PMID: 38512845 PMCID: PMC10956866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in gene editing are enabling the engineering of cells with an unprecedented level of scale. To capitalize on this opportunity, new methods are needed to accelerate the different steps required to manufacture and handle engineered cells. Here, we describe the development of an integrated software and hardware platform to automate Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), a central step for the selection of cells displaying desired molecular attributes. Sorting large numbers of samples is laborious, and, to date, no automated system exists to sequentially manage FACS samples, likely owing to the need to tailor sorting conditions ("gating") to each individual sample. Our platform is built around a commercial instrument and integrates the handling and transfer of samples to and from the instrument, autonomous control of the instrument's software, and the algorithmic generation of sorting gates, resulting in walkaway functionality. Automation eliminates operator errors, standardizes gating conditions by eliminating operator-to-operator variations, and reduces hands-on labor by 93%. Moreover, our strategy for automating the operation of a commercial instrument control software in the absence of an Application Program Interface (API) exemplifies a universal solution for other instruments that lack an API. Our software and hardware designs are fully open-source and include step-by-step build documentation to contribute to a growing open ecosystem of tools for high-throughput cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. Wiener
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Huynh
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ilakkiyan Jeyakumar
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sophie Bax
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Samia Sama
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joana P. Cabrera
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Verina Todorova
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Madhuri Vangipuram
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shivanshi Vaid
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fumitaka Otsuka
- Medical Business Group, Sony Corporation, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Yoshitsugu Sakai
- Medical Business Group, Sony Corporation, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Manuel D. Leonetti
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rafael Gómez-Sjöberg
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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3
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Sounbuli K, Alekseeva LA, Markov OV, Mironova NL. A Comparative Study of Different Protocols for Isolation of Murine Neutrophils from Bone Marrow and Spleen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17273. [PMID: 38139101 PMCID: PMC10743699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are considered as the main player in innate immunity. In the last few years, it has been shown that they are involved in different physiological conditions and diseases. However, progress in the field of neutrophil biology is relatively slow due to existing difficulties in neutrophil isolation and maintenance in culture. Here we compare four protocols based on density-gradient and immunomagnetic methods for isolation of murine neutrophils from bone marrow and spleen. Neutrophil isolation was performed using Ficoll 1.077/1.119 g/mL density gradient, Ficoll 1.083/1.090/1.110 g/mL density gradient and immunomagnetic method of negative and positive selection. The different protocols were compared with respect to sample purity, cell viability, yield, and cost. The functionality of isolated neutrophils was checked by NETosis analysis and neutrophil oxidative burst test. Obtained data revealed that given purity/yield/viability/cost ratio the protocol based on cell centrifugation on Ficoll 1.077/1.119 g/mL density gradient is recommended for isolation of neutrophils from bone marrow, whereas immunomagnetic method of positive selection using Dynabeads is recommended for isolation of splenic neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khetam Sounbuli
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.S.); (L.A.A.); (O.V.M.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila A. Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.S.); (L.A.A.); (O.V.M.)
| | - Oleg V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.S.); (L.A.A.); (O.V.M.)
| | - Nadezhda L. Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.S.); (L.A.A.); (O.V.M.)
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4
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Bains VK, Mahendra J, Mittal M, Bedi M, Mahendra L. Technical considerations in obtaining platelet rich fibrin for clinical and periodontal research. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:714-719. [PMID: 37731846 PMCID: PMC10507643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF), is currently being widely used and investigated across the globe by clinicians and periodontal research. The technical aspect required for the procurement of PRF includes revolution per minute (RPM), relative centrifugal force (RCF) or G-force, rotor radius, rotor angle, stability or vibration in the centrifugal machine and material of test-tube, besides the systemic health of the individual may influence the final outcome. Present technical note intends to compile these aspects for better understanding and appropriate outcome while preparing PRF in varying clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Bains
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College & Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Madhukar Mittal
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, AIIMS, Jodhpur, India
| | - Muskan Bedi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Little Mahendra
- Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Shrestha J, Razavi Bazaz S, Ding L, Vasilescu S, Idrees S, Söderström B, Hansbro PM, Ghadiri M, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Rapid separation of bacteria from primary nasal samples using inertial microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:146-156. [PMID: 36484411 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial populations play a crucial role in human health and the development of many diseases. These diseases often arise from the explosive proliferation of opportunistic bacteria, such as those in the nasal cavity. Recently, there have been increases in the prevalence of these opportunistic pathogens displaying antibiotic resistance. Thus, the study of the nasal microbiota and its bacterial diversity is critical in understanding pathogenesis and developing microbial-based therapies for well-known and emerging diseases. However, the isolation and analysis of these populations for clinical study complicates the already challenging task of identifying and profiling potentially harmful bacteria. Existing methods are limited by low sample throughput, expensive labeling, and low recovery of bacteria with ineffective removal of cells and debris. In this study, we propose a novel microfluidic channel with a zigzag configuration for enhanced isolation and detection of bacteria from human clinical nasal swabs. This microfluidic zigzag channel separates the bacteria from epithelial cells and debris by size differential focusing. As such, pure bacterial cell fractions devoid of large contaminating debris or epithelial cells are obtained. DNA sequencing performed on the separated bacteria defines the diversity and species present. This novel method of bacterial separation is simple, robust, rapid, and cost-effective and has the potential to be used for the rapid identification of bacterial cell populations from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Respiratory Technology Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2037, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Lin Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Steven Vasilescu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Sobia Idrees
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Bill Söderström
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Maliheh Ghadiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Respiratory Technology Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2037, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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Svoboda LK, Perera BPU, Morgan RK, Polemi KM, Pan J, Dolinoy DC. Toxicoepigenetics and Environmental Health: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1293-1311. [PMID: 35876266 PMCID: PMC9812000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly growing field of toxicoepigenetics seeks to understand how toxicant exposures interact with the epigenome to influence disease risk. Toxicoepigenetics is a promising field of environmental health research, as integrating epigenetics into the field of toxicology will enable a more thorough evaluation of toxicant-induced disease mechanisms as well as the elucidation of the role of the epigenome as a biomarker of exposure and disease and possible mediator of exposure effects. Likewise, toxicoepigenetics will enhance our knowledge of how environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and diet interact to influence health. Ultimately, an understanding of how the environment impacts the epigenome to cause disease may inform risk assessment, permit noninvasive biomonitoring, and provide potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. However, the translation of research from this exciting field into benefits for human and animal health presents several challenges and opportunities. Here, we describe four significant areas in which we see opportunity to transform the field and improve human health by reducing the disease burden caused by environmental exposures. These include (1) research into the mechanistic role for epigenetic change in environment-induced disease, (2) understanding key factors influencing vulnerability to the adverse effects of environmental exposures, (3) identifying appropriate biomarkers of environmental exposures and their associated diseases, and (4) determining whether the adverse effects of environment on the epigenome and human health are reversible through pharmacologic, dietary, or behavioral interventions. We then highlight several initiatives currently underway to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bambarendage P U Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel K Morgan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katelyn M Polemi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Junru Pan
- Department Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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The Enigma of Low-Density Granulocytes in Humans: Complexities in the Characterization and Function of LDGs during Disease. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091091. [PMID: 34578124 PMCID: PMC8470838 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) have been characterized as important immune cells during healthy and disease states in humans, including microbial infections, cancer, and autoimmune dysfunction. However, the classification of this cell type is similar to other immune cells (e.g., neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and ambiguous functional standards have rendered LDG identification and isolation daunting. Furthermore, most research involving LDGs has mainly focused on adult cells and subjects, leaving increased uncertainty surrounding younger populations, especially in vulnerable neonatal groups where LDG numbers are elevated. This review aims to bring together the current research in the field of LDG biology in the context of immunity to disease, with a focus on infection. In addition, we propose to highlight the gaps in the field that, if filled, could improve upon isolation techniques and functional characterizations for LDGs separate from neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). This will not only enhance understanding of LDGs during disease processes and how they differ from other cell types but will also aid in the interpretation of comparative studies and results with the potential to inform development of novel therapeutics to improve disease states in patients.
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8
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Castro AB, Andrade C, Li X, Pinto N, Teughels W, Quirynen M. Impact of g force and timing on the characteristics of platelet-rich fibrin matrices. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6038. [PMID: 33727689 PMCID: PMC7971031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, new centrifugation protocols for the preparation of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have been introduced in an attempt to further improve the beneficial impact of these 2nd generation platelet concentrate membranes. This in-vitro study aimed to compare the biological and physical characteristics of three types of PRF membranes using two different centrifuges with adapted relative centrifugal forces (RCF): leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin, advanced platelet-rich fibrin, and advanced platelet-rich fibrin+. Release of growth factors, macroscopic dimensions, cellular content and mechanical properties of the respective membranes, prepared from blood of the same individual were explored. Furthermore, the impact of timing (blood draw-centrifugation and centrifugation-membrane preparation) was assessed morphologically as well as by electron microscopy scanning. No statistically significant differences amongst the three PRF modifications could be observed, neither in their release of growth factors or the cellular content, nor in clot/membrane dimensions. The difference between both centrifuges were negligible when the same g-force was used. A lower g-force, however, reduced membrane tensile strength. Timing in the preparation process had a significant impact. Adaptation of RCF only had a minimal impact on the final characteristics of PRF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Castro
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok a - bus 07001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - C Andrade
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - X Li
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, BIOMAT and University Hospitals Leuven Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Pinto
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - W Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok a - bus 07001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Quirynen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok a - bus 07001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Kip C, Hamaloğlu KÖ, Demir C, Tuncel A. Recent trends in sorbents for bioaffinity chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1273-1291. [PMID: 33370505 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Isolation or enrichment of biological molecules from complex biological samples is mostly a prerequisite in proteomics, genomics, and glycomics. Different techniques have been used to advance the efficiency of the purification of biological molecules. Bioaffinity chromatography is one of the most powerful technique that plays an important role in the isolation of target biological molecules by the specific interactions with ligands that are immobilized on different support materials. This review examines the recent developments in bioaffinity chromatography particularly over the past 5 years in the literature. Also properties of supports, immobilization techniques, types of binding agents, and methods used in bioaffinity chromatography applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Kip
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cihan Demir
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Surendran AN, Zhou R, Lin Y. Microfluidic Devices for Magnetic Separation of Biological Particles: A Review. J Med Device 2020. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4048912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Separation of microparticles and cells serves a critical step in many applications such as in biological analyses, food production, chemical processing, and medical diagnostics. Sorting on the microscale exhibits certain advantages in comparison with that on the macroscale as it requires minuscule sample or reagents volume and thus reduced analysis cycle time, smaller size of devices, and lower fabrication costs. Progresses have been made over time to improve the efficiency of these microscale particle manipulation techniques. Many different techniques have been used to attain accurate particle sorting and separation in a continuous manner on the microscale level, which can be categorized as either passive or active methods. Passive techniques achieve accurate manipulation of particles through their interaction with surrounding flow by carefully designed channel structures, without using external fields. As an alternative, active techniques utilize external fields (e.g., acoustic, electronic, optical, and magnetic field, etc.) to realize desired pattern of motion for particles with specific properties. Among numerous active methods for microfluidic particle sorting, the magnetic field has been widely used in biomedical and chemical applications to achieve mixing, focusing, and separating of reagents and bioparticles. This paper aims to provide a thorough review on the classic and most up-to-date magnetic sorting and separation techniques to manipulate microparticles including the discussions on the basic concept, working principle, experimental details, and device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira N. Surendran
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Purdue University Northwest, 2200 169th Street, Hammond, IN 46323
| | - Ran Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Purdue University Northwest, 2200 169th Street, Hammond, IN 46323
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI 02881
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11
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Rashid Z, Shokri F, Abbasi A, Khoobi M, Zarnani AH. Surface modification and bioconjugation of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody to magnetic nanoparticles as a highly efficient affinity adsorbent for positive selection of peripheral blood T CD4+ lymphocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:729-737. [PMID: 32497673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) is a straightforward and time-saving procedure for isolation of different healthy functional cells. The present study aimed for the developing of a new MACS-based platform for isolation of peripheral blood T CD4+ lymphocytes. For this goal, first: Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were prepared by co-precipitation of Fe (III) and Fe (II) ions and then coated by SiO2 shell, followed by the grafting of N-(phosphonomethyl) iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA) on the surface of fabricated MNP, Fe3O4@SiO2@PMIDA were formed. These MNP were further tested for their ability to bind CD4 T lymphocytes. Through conjugation of the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2@PMIDA MNP. The newly developed immunomagnetic particles efficiently isolated T CD4+ lymphocytes from whole blood with high purity Therefore, our MNP afford an efficient tool for the cell separation process and further present the dramatic potential to be applied to other areas of biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rashid
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Gradišnik L, Milojević M, Velnar T, Maver U. Isolation, characterisation and phagocytic function of human macrophages from human peripheral blood. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6929-6940. [PMID: 32876844 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are among the most important cells of the immune system. Among other functions, they take part in almost all defense actions against foreign bodies and bacteria, being particularly important in infections, wound healing, and foreign body reactions. Considering their importance for the health of the human body, as well as their important role in several diseases, the in vitro studies based on these cells, are a crucial research field. Taking all mentioned into account, this study describes a simple isolation method of human macrophages (MFUM-HMP-001 and MFUM-HMP-002 cell lines) from peripheral blood. For this purpose, the morphology, the viability, and the phagocytotic activity of the isolated cells were tested. The Immunostaining of MFUM-HMP-001 and MFUM-HMP-002 cells confirmed the macrophage cell markers CD68, CD80, and CD163/M130. The phagocytotic activity was marked in both MFUM-HMP-001 and MFUM-HMP-002 cells, as was the phagocytosis of the pHrodo green Escherichia coli bioparticles conjugates, which was enhanced with the addition of lipopolysaccharide. The cells were stable and exhibited good growth. According to our results, both cell lines are useful for the development of novel macrophage cell-based in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Gradišnik
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,AMEU-ECM Maribor, Slovenska 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Milojević
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Velnar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia. .,AMEU-ECM Maribor, Slovenska 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Maver
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Bacon K, Lavoie A, Rao BM, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Past, Present, and Future of Affinity-based Cell Separation Technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:29-51. [PMID: 32442784 PMCID: PMC10364325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress in cell purification technology is critical to increase the availability of viable cells for therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. A variety of techniques are now available for cell separation, ranging from non-affinity methods such as density gradient centrifugation, dielectrophoresis, and filtration, to affinity methods such as chromatography, two-phase partitioning, and magnetic-/fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. For clinical and analytical procedures that require highly purified cells, the choice of cell purification method is crucial, since every method offers a different balance between yield, purity, and bioactivity of the cell product. For most applications, the requisite purity is only achievable through affinity methods, owing to the high target specificity that they grant. In this review, we discuss past and current methods for developing cell-targeting affinity ligands and their application in cell purification, along with the benefits and challenges associated with different purification formats. We further present new technologies, like stimuli-responsive ligands and parallelized microfluidic devices, towards improving the viability and throughput of cell products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our comparative analysis provides guidance in the multifarious landscape of cell separation techniques and highlights new technologies that are poised to play a key role in the future of cell purification in clinical settings and the biotech industry. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Technologies for cell purification have served science, medicine, and industrial biotechnology and biomanufacturing for decades. This review presents a comprehensive survey of this field by highlighting the scope and relevance of all known methods for cell isolation, old and new alike. The first section covers the main classes of target cells and compares traditional non-affinity and affinity-based purification techniques, focusing on established ligands and chromatographic formats. The second section presents an excursus of affinity-based pseudo-chromatographic and non-chromatographic technologies, especially focusing on magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, the third section presents an overview of new technologies and emerging trends, highlighting how the progress in chemical, material, and microfluidic sciences has opened new exciting avenues towards high-throughput and high-purity cell isolation processes. This review is designed to guide scientists and engineers in their choice of suitable cell purification techniques for research or bioprocessing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ashton Lavoie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
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14
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Bader L, Gullaksen SE, Blaser N, Brun M, Bringeland GH, Sulen A, Gjesdal CG, Vedeler C, Gavasso S. Candidate Markers for Stratification and Classification in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1488. [PMID: 31338093 PMCID: PMC6626904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory disease, characterized by synovitis in small- and medium-sized joints and, if not treated early and efficiently, joint damage, and destruction. RA is a heterogeneous disease with a plethora of treatment options. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of RA, and TNF inhibitors effectively repress inflammatory activity in RA. Currently, treatment decisions are primarily based on empirics and economic considerations. However, the considerable interpatient variability in response to treatment is a challenge. Markers for a more exact patient classification and stratification are lacking. The objective of this study was to identify markers in immune cell populations that distinguish RA patients from healthy donors with an emphasis on TNF signaling. We employed mass cytometry (CyTOF) with a panel of 13 phenotyping and 10 functional markers to explore signaling in unstimulated and TNF-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 newly diagnosed, untreated RA patients and 20 healthy donors. The resulting high-dimensional data were analyzed in three independent analysis pipelines, characterized by differences in both data clean-up, identification of cell subsets/clustering and statistical approaches. All three analysis pipelines identified p-p38, IkBa, p-cJun, p-NFkB, and CD86 in cells of both the innate arm (myeloid dendritic cells and classical monocytes) and the adaptive arm (memory CD4+ T cells) of the immune system as markers for differentiation between RA patients and healthy donors. Inclusion of the markers p-Akt and CD120b resulted in the correct classification of 18 of 20 RA patients and 17 of 20 healthy donors in regression modeling based on a combined model of basal and TNF-induced signal. Expression patterns in a set of functional markers and specific immune cell subsets were distinct in RA patients compared to healthy individuals. These signatures may support studies of disease pathogenesis, provide candidate markers for response, and non-response to TNF inhibitor treatment, and aid the identification of future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius Bader
- Bergen Group of Epidemiology and Biomarkers in Rheumatic Disease, Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein-Erik Gullaksen
- Center of Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nello Blaser
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Brun
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerd Haga Bringeland
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - André Sulen
- Bergen Group of Epidemiology and Biomarkers in Rheumatic Disease, Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clara Gram Gjesdal
- Bergen Group of Epidemiology and Biomarkers in Rheumatic Disease, Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Vedeler
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Bergen Group of Epidemiology and Biomarkers in Rheumatic Disease, Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Optimization of a Density Gradient Centrifugation Protocol for Isolation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/amma-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are extremely important in the body’s immune response. Their isolation represents a major step in many immunological experiments. In this two phase study, we aimed to establish an optimum protocol for PBMC isolation by density-gradient centrifugation.
Methods: During Phase-1, we compared two commercially available PBMC isolation protocols, Stemcell Technologies (ST) and Miltenyi Biotec (MB), in terms of PBMC recovery and purity. Twelve blood samples were assigned to each protocol. Each sample was divided in three subsamples of 1ml, 2ml and 3ml in order to assess the influence of blood sample volume on isolation performance. During Phase-2, a hybrid protocol was similarly tested, processing six blood samples. Additionally, we performed a flow cytometric analysis using an Annexin-V/Propidium-Iodide viability staining protocol.
Results: Phase-1 results showed that, for all subsample volumes, ST had superior PBMC recovery (mean values: 56%, 80% and 87%, respectively) compared to MB (mean values: 39%, 54% and 43%, respectively). However, platelet removal was significantly higher for MB (mean value of 96.8%) than for ST (mean value of 75.2%). Regarding granulocyte/erythrocyte contamination, both protocols performed similarly, yielding high purity PBMC (mean values: 97.3% for ST and 95.8% for MB). During Phase-2, our hybrid protocol yielded comparable results to MB, with an average viability of 89.4% for lymphocytes and 16.9% for monocytes.
Conclusions: ST yields higher cell recovery rates and MB excels at platelet removal, while the hybrid protocol is highly similar to MB. Both cell recovery and viability increase with blood sample volume.
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Exploring viral reservoir: The combining approach of cell sorting and droplet digital PCR. Methods 2017; 134-135:98-105. [PMID: 29197654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) blocks different steps of HIV replication and maintains plasma viral RNA at undetectable levels. The virus can remain in long-living cells and create a reservoir where HIV can restart replicating after cART discontinuation. A persistent viral production triggers and maintains a persistent immune activation, which is a well-known feature of chronic HIV infection, and contributes either to precocious aging, or to the increased incidence of morbidity and mortality of HIV positive patients. The new frontier of the treatment of HIV infection is nowadays eradication of the virus from all host cells and tissues. For this reason, it is crucial to have a clear and precise idea of where the virus hides, and which are the cells that keep it silent. Important efforts have been made to improve the detection of viral reservoirs, and new techniques are now giving the opportunity to characterize viral reservoirs. Among these techniques, a strategic approach based upon cell sorting and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is opening new horizons and opportunities of research. This review provides an overview of the methods that combine cell sorting and ddPCR for the quantification of HIV DNA in different cell types, and for the detection of its maintenance.
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