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Wu M, Wang Q, Zhang H, Pan Z, Zeng Q, Fang W, Mao J, Li J, Wu H, Qiu Z. Performance and mechanism of co-culture of Monascus purpureus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to enhance lovastatin production and lipid-lowering effects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1411-1426. [PMID: 37688635 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate lipid-lowering effects, a lovastatin-producing microbial co-culture system (LPMCS) was constituted with a novel strain Monascus purpureus R5 in combination with Lacticaseibacillus casei S5 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae J7, which increased lovastatin production by 54.21% compared with the single strain R5. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization indicated lovastatin yield peaked at 7.43 mg/g with a fermentation time of 13.88 d, water content of 50.5%, and inoculum ratio of 10.27%. Meanwhile, lovastatin in LPMCS co-fermentation extracts (LFE) was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Cellular experiments demonstrated that LFE exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity to L-02 cells and exhibited excellent biosafety. Most notably, high-dose LFE (100 mg/L) exhibited the highest reduction of lipid accumulation, total cholesterol, and triglycerides simultaneously in oleic acid-induced L-02 cells, which decreased by 71.59%, 38.64%, and 58.85% than untreated cells, respectively. Overall, LPMCS provides a potential approach to upgrade the lipid-lowering activity of Monascus-fermented products with higher health-beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyong Pan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilu Zeng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Fang
- Analysis & Testing Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilong Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Chengdu Nuohe Shengtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Mannino G, Iovino P, Lauria A, Genova T, Asteggiano A, Notarbartolo M, Porcu A, Serio G, Chinigò G, Occhipinti A, Capuzzo A, Medana C, Munaron L, Gentile C. Bioactive Triterpenes of Protium heptaphyllum Gum Resin Extract Display Cholesterol-Lowering Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052664. [PMID: 33800828 PMCID: PMC7961947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major causes of cardiovascular disease, the risk of which is further increased if other forms of dyslipidemia occur. Current therapeutic strategies include changes in lifestyle coupled with drug administration. Statins represent the most common therapeutic approach, but they may be insufficient due to the onset of resistance mechanisms and side effects. Consequently, patients with mild hypercholesterolemia prefer the use of food supplements since these are perceived to be safer. Here, we investigate the phytochemical profile and cholesterol-lowering potential of Protium heptaphyllum gum resin extract (PHE). Chemical characterization via HPLC-APCI-HRMS2 and GC-FID/MS identified 13 compounds mainly belonging to ursane, oleanane, and tirucallane groups. Studies on human hepatocytes have revealed how PHE is able to reduce cholesterol production and regulate the expression of proteins involved in its metabolism. (HMGCR, PCSK9, LDLR, FXR, IDOL, and PPAR). Moreover, measuring the inhibitory activity of PHE against HMGR, moderate inhibition was recorded. Finally, molecular docking studies identified acidic tetra- and pentacyclic triterpenoids as the main compounds responsible for this action. In conclusion, our study demonstrates how PHE may be a useful alternative to contrast hypercholesterolemia, highlighting its potential as a sustainable multitarget natural extract for the nutraceutical industry that is rapidly gaining acceptance as a source of health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.L.); (M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Piera Iovino
- Biosfered S.R.L., 10148 Turin, Italy; (P.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.L.); (M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (T.G.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Alberto Asteggiano
- Biosfered S.R.L., 10148 Turin, Italy; (P.I.); (A.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Monica Notarbartolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.L.); (M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Porcu
- Abel Nutraceuticals S.R.L., 10148 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (A.O.); (A.C.)
| | - Graziella Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.L.); (M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (T.G.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Abel Nutraceuticals S.R.L., 10148 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (A.O.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Capuzzo
- Abel Nutraceuticals S.R.L., 10148 Turin, Italy; (A.P.); (A.O.); (A.C.)
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (T.G.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.L.); (M.N.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2388-6472
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