In vitro investigation of hypoglycemic and oxidative stress properties of fava bean (Vicia faba L.) seed extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2376

Catechin isolated from faba beans (Vicia faba L.): insights from oxidative stress and hypoglycemic effect in yeast cells through confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and in silico strategy

The present aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of catechin from faba beans on oxidative stress and glucose uptake in yeast cells. Flow cytometry approach indicated that 2-NBDG (1.98 ± 0.37) seed extract had a lower relative fluorescence signal than methanol (5.98 ± 0.67) and acetone seed extract (4.43 ± 0.55). In comparison to the control and seed extract, H₂O₂ exposure increased the apoptosis rate of yeast cells from 8.20% to 64.80%. Yeast cells incubated with H₂O₂ produced significantly more ROS intensity (162 ± 4.32, p < 0.05) than control cells (118 ± 2.52, p < 0.05) and less than seed extract-treated cells. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed for cat:α-amylase (catechin-α-amylase complex) which revealed the stable and mixed mode of inhibition during a simulation. The synergistic action of polyphenols or catechin present in seed extract may be responsible for the anti-oxidative stress and hypoglycaemic effects. The findings of this study may provide insight into the further development of a novel antidiabetic drug for T2DM. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Interactive effects of molecular weight and degree of substitution on biological activities of arabinoxylan and its hydrolysates from triticale bran

Arabinoxylan (AX) has many beneficial health effects that are closely related to its structural characteristics. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of molecular weight (Mw) and degree of substitution (DS) on the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of triticale bran AX and its hydrolysates in vitro. At low and similar Mw, the antioxidant activity of AX was inversely proportional to its DS. When DS was close, the antioxidant activity of AX was inversely proportional to its Mw at high DS, but the opposite result was found at low DS. As for the hypoglycemic performance, when DS was similar, the hypoglycemic activity of AX was proportional to its Mw. At low and similar Mw, the α-glucosidase inhibitory ability and glucose adsorption ability of AX was positively correlated with DS, whereas the α-amylase inhibitory ability and glucose delayed absorption ability showed the opposite results. Mw and DS had significant effects on the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of AX, and these two factors often need to be combined to explain the varied effects under different conditions.

Characterization, inhibitory activity and mechanism of polyphenols from faba bean (gallic-acid and catechin) on α-glucosidase: insights from molecular docking and simulation study

The chemo-profiling of ethanolic extract of faba beans seeds was performed and explored as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. The inhibition of α-glucosidase is one of the alternatives approach to control postprandial hyperglycemia by, resulting in the delay of the carbohydrate digestion of absorbable monosaccharides. Ethanolic seed extract showed phenolic compounds, flavonoid such as gallic acid (m/z [M- H] = 169.0124,C₇H₆O₅) ellagic acid derivatives epigallocatechin (m/z [M- H = 305.0644,C₁₅H₁₄O₇),catechin (m/z [M- H] = 289.0656,C₁₅H₁₄O₆), epigallocatechin gallate (m/z [M- H] = 457.0578,C₂₂H₁₈O₁₁) and epicatechin monogallate (m/z [M- H] = 441.081, C₂₂H₁₈O₁₀). The extract was found to exert inhibitory activity (88.28 ± 2.67%) (IC₅₀ value of 2.30 ± 0.032 mg/mL) with a mixed mode of inhibition (Km, apparent = 0.54 ± 0.020 mM and Vmax, apparent 0.136 ± 0.04 mM/min). Molecular docking studies of gallic acid and catechin on α-glucosidase proposed productive binding modes having binding energy (-6.58 kcal/mol and -7.25 kcal/mol) with an effective number of hydrogen bonds and binding energy. Tyr63, Arg197, Asp198, Glu 233, Asn324, Asp 326 of α-glucosidase participated in binding events with gallic acid and catechin. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed for both complexes i.e. gal:α-glucosidase and cat:α-glucosidase along with apo state of α-glucosidase, which revealed stable systems during the simulation. These findings of the present study may give an insight into the further development of the novel antidiabetic drug from the seeds of faba beans.