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Terrasan CRF, Rubio MV, Gerhardt JA, Cairo JPF, Contesini FJ, Zubieta MP, de Figueiredo FL, Valadares FL, Corrêa TLR, Murakami MT, Franco TT, Davies GJ, Walton PH, Damasio A. Deletion of AA9 Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases Impacts A. nidulans Secretome and Growth on Lignocellulose. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0212521. [PMID: 35658600 PMCID: PMC9241910 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02125-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are oxidative enzymes found in viruses, archaea, and bacteria as well as eukaryotes, such as fungi, algae and insects, actively contributing to the degradation of different polysaccharides. In Aspergillus nidulans, LPMOs from family AA9 (AnLPMO9s), along with an AA3 cellobiose dehydrogenase (AnCDH1), are cosecreted upon growth on crystalline cellulose and lignocellulosic substrates, indicating their role in the degradation of plant cell wall components. Functional analysis revealed that three target LPMO9s (AnLPMO9C, AnLPMO9F and AnLPMO9G) correspond to cellulose-active enzymes with distinct regioselectivity and activity on cellulose with different proportions of crystalline and amorphous regions. AnLPMO9s deletion and overexpression studies corroborate functional data. The abundantly secreted AnLPMO9F is a major component of the extracellular cellulolytic system, while AnLPMO9G was less abundant and constantly secreted, and acts preferentially on crystalline regions of cellulose, uniquely displaying activity on highly crystalline algae cellulose. Single or double deletion of AnLPMO9s resulted in about 25% reduction in fungal growth on sugarcane straw but not on Avicel, demonstrating the contribution of LPMO9s for the saprophytic fungal lifestyle relies on the degradation of complex lignocellulosic substrates. Although the deletion of AnCDH1 slightly reduced the cellulolytic activity, it did not affect fungal growth indicating the existence of alternative electron donors to LPMOs. Additionally, double or triple knockouts of these enzymes had no accumulative deleterious effect on the cellulolytic activity nor on fungal growth, regardless of the deleted gene. Overexpression of AnLPMO9s in a cellulose-induced secretome background confirmed the importance and applicability of AnLPMO9G to improve lignocellulose saccharification. IMPORTANCE Fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that boost plant biomass degradation in combination with glycoside hydrolases. Secretion of LPMO9s arsenal by Aspergillus nidulans is influenced by the substrate and time of induction. These findings along with the biochemical characterization of novel fungal LPMO9s have implications on our understanding of their concerted action, allowing rational engineering of fungal strains for biotechnological applications such as plant biomass degradation. Additionally, the role of oxidative players in fungal growth on plant biomass was evaluated by deletion and overexpression experiments using a model fungal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rafael Fanchini Terrasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ventura Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Aline Gerhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Franco Cairo
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Jares Contesini
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Paludetti Zubieta
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lopes de Figueiredo
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lima Valadares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamy Lívia Ribeiro Corrêa
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Tyago Murakami
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma Teixeira Franco
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Damasio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alvarez-Zúñiga MT, Castañeda García D, Aguilar Osorio G. Effect of different carbon sources on the growth and enzyme production of a toxigenic and a non-toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:769-779. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1858426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Alvarez-Zúñiga
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Diana Castañeda García
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aguilar Osorio
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico
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Taddia A, Brandaleze GN, Boggione MJ, Bortolato SA, Tubio G. An integrated approach to the sustainable production of xylanolytic enzymes from Aspergillus niger using agro-industrial by-products. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:979-991. [PMID: 32552262 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1777425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylanolytic enzymes were produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL3 grown on agro-industrial by-products obtained from the processing of wheat flour without pretreatment. Significant parameters for xylanase production were screened and optimized. The xylanolytic activity obtained in the optimized extract was 138.3 ± 2.6 U/mL, higher than the activity obtained in an unoptimized medium (14.5 ± 0.3 U/mL) in previous work. The optimized fermentation process was performed in a successful 40-fold scale-up. The optimized enzymatic extract obtained was characterized by LC-MS. Nine enzymes were identified as constituents of the xylanolytic complex. Moreover, the xylanolytic enzymes were stable until 60 °C and over a broad range of pH. Sodium, calcium, cobalt and manganese had no inhibitory effect, meanwhile 1% w/v polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1% w/v dextran increased the xylanolytic activity. The saccharification efficiency was evaluated and the surface morphology of the lignocellulosic substrate was monitored by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synergistic combination of the extracted (o purified) xylanolytic enzymes permitted a higher xylan conversion beneficial for diverse applications, such as bioethanol production. Thus, these agroindustrial by-products can be used within the framework of a circular economy, rendering an added value bioproduct, which is reused in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Taddia
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gerónimo Nicolás Brandaleze
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Julia Boggione
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Bortolato
- Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FCByF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisela Tubio
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
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