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Vanlalveni C, Ralte V, Zohmingliana H, Das S, Anal JMH, Lallianrawna S, Rokhum SL. A review of microbes mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their enhanced antimicrobial activities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32333. [PMID: 38947433 PMCID: PMC11214502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, biosynthesis of metal and (or) metal oxide nanoparticles using microbes is accepted as one of the most sustainable, cost-effective, robust, and green processes as it does not encompass the usage of largely hazardous chemicals. Accordingly, numerous simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approaches for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were reported using microbes avoiding conventional (chemical) methods. This comprehensive review detailed an advance made in recent years in the microbes-mediated biosynthesis of AgNPs and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities covering the literature from 2015-till date. It also aimed at elaborating the possible effect of the different phytochemicals, their concentrations, extraction temperature, extraction solvent, pH, reaction time, reaction temperature, and concentration of precursor on the shape, size, and stability of the synthesized AgNPs. In addition, while trying to understand the antimicrobial activities against targeted pathogenic microbes the probable mechanism of the interaction of produced AgNPs with the cell wall of targeted microbes that led to the cell's reputed and death have also been detailed. Lastly, this review detailed the shape and size-dependent antimicrobial activities of the microbes-mediated AgNPs and their enhanced antimicrobial activities by synergetic interaction with known commercially available antibiotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhangte Vanlalveni
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram 796001, India
| | - Vanlalhruaii Ralte
- Department of Botany, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Hlawncheu Zohmingliana
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, India
| | - Shikhasmita Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, India
| | - Jasha Momo H. Anal
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Samuel Lallianrawna
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Zirtiri Residential Science College, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram, India
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Zang W, Cao H, Ge J, Zhao D. Structures, physical properties and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exopolysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130083. [PMID: 38423905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exopolysaccharide (EPS) has good water absorption, high viscosity, good stability, so it was widely used in probiotics fields. In this study, EPS-producing LAB strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HDL-03 was isolated and identified. Moreover, the HDL-03 EPS was used as a stabilizer and mixed with AgNO3 to synthesize a novel nanoparticle AgNPs whose structure and properties were explored. The monosaccharide composition and molecular weight indicated that HDL-03 EPS was a heteropolysaccharide composed of mannose and glucose. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and methylation results jointly proved it was a heteropolysaccharide containing 1,3-Manp and 1,6-Glcp. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that this EPS has an amorphous structure, while the synthesized AgNPs have crystalline properties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicated EPS had a smooth and dense sheet structure, while the surface of AgNPs became rougher and large holes appeared after synthesis. Zeta particle size analysis suggested that the particle size of AgNPs increased by 36.63 nm compared to HDL-03 EPS. FT-IR analysis exhibited that the position of the characteristic peaks of AgNPs changed. The OH moving from a wavelength of 3388.49 cm-1 to a wavelength of 3316.79 cm-1 and telescopic vibration peak changed from 1356.07 cm-1 to 1344.22 cm-1. A plate inhibition test revealed the effect of different concentrations of EPS and AgNO3 synthesized AgNPs on the diameter of inhibition circle produced by the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, AgNPs were applied to the indicator bacteria, which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), time-inhibitory curve, and changes in extracellular conductivity, nucleic acids, proteins, ATP, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined. The AgNPs inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus and exhibited outstanding antimicrobial properties. With the increase of treatment time, the degree of cell membrane damage increased, the permeability enhanced, and the intracellular substances leaked. These results indicate that HDL-03 EPS has good potential for applications in the production of food packaging, antimicrobials, catheters, textiles and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Huiying Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao 066102, China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao 066102, China.
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Dey G, Patil MP, Banerjee A, Sharma RK, Banerjee P, Maity JP, Singha S, Taharia M, Shaw AK, Huang HB, Kim GD, Chen CY. The role of bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) in the synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanomaterials: A state-of-the-art review. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 212:106809. [PMID: 37597775 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant global health concern due to the failure of conventional medical treatment. As a result, the development of several metallic (Ag, Au, Zn, Ti, etc.) nanoparticles, has gained prominence as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial therapies. Among these, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significant attention due to their notable efficiency and broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have recently emerged as a promising biological substrate for the green synthesis of AgNPs. EPS possess polyanionic functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxylic, sulfate, and phosphate) that effectively reduce and stabilize AgNPs. EPS-mediated AgNPs exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microbes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. The extraction and purification of bacterial EPS play a vital role in obtaining high-quality and -quantity EPS for industrial applications. This study focuses on the comprehensive methodology of EPS extraction and purification, encompassing screening, fermentation optimization, pretreatment, protein elimination, precipitation, and purification. The review specifically highlights the utilization of bacterial EPS-mediated AgNPs, covering EPS extraction, the synthesis mechanism of green EPS-mediated AgNPs, their characterization, and their potential applications as antimicrobial agents against pathogens. These EPS-mediated AgNPs offer numerous advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and eco-friendliness, making them a promising alternative to traditional antimicrobials and opening new avenues in nanotechnology-based approaches to combat microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobinda Dey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Maheshkumar Prakash Patil
- Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Aparna Banerjee
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile
| | - Raju Kumar Sharma
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Pritam Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jyoti Prakash Maity
- Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biology, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
| | - Shuvendu Singha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Md Taharia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Arun Kumar Shaw
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Hsien-Bin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Chien-Yen Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Center for Nano Bio-Detection, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, AIM-HI, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
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Zeinivand M, Aghaei SS, Zargar M, Ghasemzadeh MA. Exopolysaccharide-mediated silver nanoparticles synthesized from Lactobacillus paracasei with antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:210. [PMID: 37115477 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics in pathogenic bacteria are important concerns in the treatment of infectious diseases. A new rapid, eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy to overcome these problems is the use of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) for green synthesis of various metal nanoparticles (NPs). This study used EPS from a native probiotic Lactobacillus isolate to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with effective antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antioxidant properties. AgNPs were synthesized by 10 mg of EPS of Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei MN809528) isolated from a local yogurt. The characteristics of EPS AgNPs were confirmed using UV-VIS, FT-IR, DLS, XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, and zeta potential. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities of EPS AgNPs were evaluated by the agar well diffusion, microtiter dilution, SEM electron microscopy, and DPPH radical absorption methods, respectively. Spectroscopy data indicated the presence of a 466-nm peak as a feature of AgNPs. FT-IR confirmed the presence of biological agents in the synthesis of AgNPs. FE-SEM results showed that the synthesized AgNPs had a spherical shape with the size of 33-38 nm. Synthesized AgNPs at a concentration of 100 mg/ml demonstrated a significant inhibitory activity compared to chemically synthesized AgNPs. These NPs, exhibited the greatest effect of inhibiting the Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation at sub-MIC concentration, and the best effect of DPPH radical as antioxidant activity was determined at 50-μg/ml concentration. Our findings reveal that EPS AgNPs synthesized by the native isolate of L. paracasei (MN809528) is an inexpensive and environment-friendly candidate for application in pharmaceuticals fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Zeinivand
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Zargar
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
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Azhar S, Rana NF, Kashif AS, Tanweer T, Shafique I, Menaa F. DEAE-Dextran Coated AgNPs: A Highly Blendable Nanofiller Enhances Compressive Strength of Dental Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153143. [PMID: 35956658 PMCID: PMC9371126 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-crack formation and resultant bacterial infiltration are major causes of secondary caries formation in dental resin-based composite restorations. Improving dental resin composites’ mechanical and biological properties using highly bendable nanoparticles (NPs) can resolve this issue. This study aims to develop novel Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Dextran silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and subsequently modify composite resins with these NPs to enhance their mechanical and antibacterial properties. DEAE-Dextran AgNPs were successfully synthesized using a chemical reduction method that was confirmed with the help of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta potential, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Antibacterial activity of a composite disc with DEAE-Dextran AgNPs was tested against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and oral microcosm. The composite discs prepared with DEAE-Dextran AgNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activity compared with composite resin reinforced by simple AgNPs (p < 0.05). Mechanical properties were significantly enhanced by adding DEAE-Dextran into composite resin (p < 0.05). Moreover, unlike AgNPs, DEAE-Dextran AgNPs were found to be less hemolytic. The results establish strong ground applications for DEAE-Dextran-modified dental composite resins in restorative dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabia Azhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
- Integrated Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Fatima Rana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
- Integrated Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (N.F.R.); (F.M.); Tel.: +92-5190856074 (N.F.R.); Fax: +92-5190856002 (N.F.R.)
| | - Amer Sohail Kashif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Tahreem Tanweer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
- Integrated Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafique
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
- Integrated Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farid Menaa
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: (N.F.R.); (F.M.); Tel.: +92-5190856074 (N.F.R.); Fax: +92-5190856002 (N.F.R.)
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Das P, Ghosh S, Nayak B. Phyto-fabricated Nanoparticles and Their Anti-biofilm Activity: Progress and Current Status. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.739286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is the self-synthesized, mucus-like extracellular polymeric matrix that acts as a key virulence factor in various pathogenic microorganisms, thereby posing a serious threat to human health. It has been estimated that around 80% of hospital-acquired infections are associated with biofilms which are found to be present on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Antibiotics, the current mainstream treatment strategy for biofilms are often found to be futile in the eradication of these complex structures, and to date, there is no effective therapeutic strategy established against biofilm infections. In this regard, nanotechnology can provide a potential platform for the alleviation of this problem owing to its unique size-dependent properties. Accordingly, various novel strategies are being developed for the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles. Bio-nanotechnology is a division of nanotechnology which is gaining significant attention due to its ability to synthesize nanoparticles of various compositions and sizes using biotic sources. It utilizes the rich biodiversity of various biological components which are biocompatible for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Additionally, the biogenic nanoparticles are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and relatively less toxic when compared to chemically or physically synthesized alternatives. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is a bottom-top methodology in which the nanoparticles are formed due to the presence of biological components (plant extract and microbial enzymes) which act as stabilizing and reducing agents. These biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibit anti-biofilm activity via various mechanisms such as ROS production, inhibiting quorum sensing, inhibiting EPS production, etc. This review will provide an insight into the application of various biogenic sources for nanoparticle synthesis. Furthermore, we have highlighted the potential of phytosynthesized nanoparticles as a promising antibiofilm agent as well as elucidated their antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanism.
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