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Gao Y, Lian W, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Liu L, Zhu X. Mechanism of l-cysteine-induced fibrous structural changes of soybean protein at different high-moisture extrusion zones. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131621. [PMID: 38631588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the fibrous structure formation mechanism of soybean protein during high moisture extrusion processing was investigated using a dead-stop operation, and based on the interaction between soybean protein concentrate (SPC) and L-cysteine (CYS). The thermal properties, SDS-PAGE and particle size distribution of the samples from different extrusion zones were investigated. It was revealed that the addition of a moderate amount of CYS (0.1 %) promoted the fibrous structure formation in the SPC extrudates and optimised the textural properties of the SPC extrudates. In the extruder barrel, addition of CYS (0.1 %) promoted protein depolymerisation and unfolding in the mixing and cooking zones, and facilitated protein aggregation in the die and cooling zones. Protein solubility and raman spectroscopy revealed that disulfide bonds were principally responsible for fibrous structure formation; favoured when the intermolecular disulfide bonds (t-g-t mode) was increased. Finally, the transformation of protein conformation was revealed by secondary structure and surface hydrophobicity, which confirmed that the effect of CYS on protein conformation mainly occurred in the cooling zone. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of CYS to regulate the fibrous structure of meat analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- College of Food Engineering of Harbin University of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Grain Food and Comprehensive Processing of Grain Resource of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Wentao Lian
- College of Food Engineering of Harbin University of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Grain Food and Comprehensive Processing of Grain Resource of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Haojia Zhang
- College of Food Engineering of Harbin University of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Grain Food and Comprehensive Processing of Grain Resource of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Food Engineering of Harbin University of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Grain Food and Comprehensive Processing of Grain Resource of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yuyang Huang
- College of Food Engineering of Harbin University of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Grain Food and Comprehensive Processing of Grain Resource of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- College of Food Engineering of Harbin University of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Grain Food and Comprehensive Processing of Grain Resource of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhu
- College of Food Engineering of Harbin University of Commerce, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Grain Food and Comprehensive Processing of Grain Resource of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150076, China.
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Wang H, Chen L, Wu S, Jin W, Shen W, Hu Z, Huang W, Liu G. Improve stability and application of rice oil bodies via surface modification with ferulic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and phytic acid. Food Chem 2023; 409:135274. [PMID: 36586252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran oil bodies (RBOBs) are one of the most exploited functional components from rice bran by-products and are predominantly based on oleosin stabilization. In this study, we explored the effects of different concentrations of added (-)-epicatechin, ferulic acid, and phytic acid on the RBOBs stability. The results revealed that the incorporation of all three natural phytoconstituents could reduce the RBOBs particle size and increase emulsifying properties, demonstrating increasing surface hydrophobicity (p < 0.05), and a good antioxidant effect, which was especially obvious with (-)-epicatechin incorporation. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy data demonstrated that these three small molecule substance classes can modify with oleosin on RBOBs surface by covalent and noncovalent effects. Raman spectroscopic analysis illustrated that the vibrational modes of disulphide bonds in oleosin were modified by these three plant natural ingredients. The interactions between the three phytoconstituents and the model protein were investigated by molecular docking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 30023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 30023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 30023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weiping Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 30023, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wangyang Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 30023, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhongze Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 30023, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 30023, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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Zhang M, Yu Q, Guo J, Wu B, Kong X. Review of Thin-Layer Chromatography Tandem with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Detection of Analytes in Mixture Samples. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:937. [PMID: 36354446 PMCID: PMC9687685 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the real world, analytes usually exist in complex systems, and this makes direct detection by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) difficult. Thin layer chromatography tandem with SERS (TLC-SERS) has many advantages in analysis such as separation effect, instant speed, simple process, and low cost. Therefore, the TLC-SERS has great potential for detecting analytes in mixtures without sample pretreatment. The review demonstrates TLC-SERS applications in diverse analytical relevant topics such as environmental pollutants, illegal additives, pesticide residues, toxic ingredients, biological molecules, and chemical substances. Important properties such as stationary phase, separation efficiency, and sensitivity are discussed. In addition, future perspectives for improving the efficiency of TLC-SERS in real sample detecting are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Xianming Kong
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
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4
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Tirado-Kulieva VA, Hernández-Martínez E, Suomela JP. Non-destructive assessment of vitamin C in foods: a review of the main findings and limitations of vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe constant increase in the demand for safe and high-quality food has generated the need to develop efficient methods to evaluate food composition, vitamin C being one of the main quality indicators. However, its heterogeneity and susceptibility to degradation makes the analysis of vitamin C difficult by conventional techniques, but as a result of technological advances, vibrational spectroscopy techniques have been developed that are more efficient, economical, fast, and non-destructive. This review focuses on main findings on the evaluation of vitamin C in foods by using vibrational spectroscopic techniques. First, the fundamentals of ultraviolet–visible, infrared and Raman spectroscopy are detailed. Also, chemometric methods, whose use is essential for a correct processing and evaluation of the spectral information, are described. The use and importance of vibrational spectroscopy in the evaluation of vitamin C through qualitative characterization and quantitative analysis is reported. Finally, some limitations of the techniques and potential solutions are described, as well as future trends related to the utilization of vibrational spectroscopic techniques.
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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Zheng M, Liu S, Xue W, Du G, Wang T, Gao X, Wang K, Hu J, Gao Z, Huang H. Efficient separation of vitamins mixture in aqueous solution using a stable zirconium-based metal-organic framework. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:714-721. [PMID: 31416026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-efficiency separation of niacin (NIA) and nicotinamide (NIC) still faces large challenge up to date. In this work, a stable zirconium-based metal-organic framework (DUT-67) was used to adsorb and separate NIA and NIC in aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacities for NIA and NIC at the concentration ratio of 1:1 were 110.2 mg g-1 and 11.2 mg g-1, respectively. Further study indicates that low ratio of NIA/ NIC is in favor of the separation. High temperature can restrain the adsorptions of NIA and NIC but promote the separation. Besides, DUT-67 can be well regenerated via a simple method. Mechanism analysis indicates that electrostatic interaction plays a critical role in the separation of these vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Meiqi Zheng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shuangxue Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wenjuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Guohua Du
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xinli Gao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Keke Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianshui Hu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhuqing Gao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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6
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A Review of the Extraction and Determination Methods of Thirteen Essential Vitamins to the Human Body: An Update from 2010. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061484. [PMID: 29921801 PMCID: PMC6099991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are a class of essential nutrients in the body; thus, they play important roles in human health. The chemicals are involved in many physiological functions and both their lack and excess can put health at risk. Therefore, the establishment of methods for monitoring vitamin concentrations in different matrices is necessary. In this review, an updated overview of the main pretreatments and determination methods that have been used since 2010 is given. Ultrasonic assisted extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction are the most common pretreatment methods, while the determination methods involve chromatography methods, electrophoretic methods, microbiological assays, immunoassays, biosensors and several other methods. Different pretreatments and determination methods are discussed.
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Monteiro MLG, Mársico ET, Lázaro CA, Conte-Júnior CA. Thin-layer chromatography applied to foods of animal origin: a tutorial review. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Boyaci IH, Temiz HT, Geniş HE, Acar Soykut E, Yazgan NN, Güven B, Uysal RS, Bozkurt AG, İlaslan K, Torun O, Dudak Şeker FC. Dispersive and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods in food analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for molecular analysis of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hakki Boyaci
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Havva Tümay Temiz
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Efe Geniş
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | | | - Nazife Nur Yazgan
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Burcu Güven
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Reyhan Selin Uysal
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Akif Göktuğ Bozkurt
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Kerem İlaslan
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Ozlem Torun
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
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Abstract
AbstractSeveral methods to determine amino acids and vitamins in biological and pharmaceutical samples have been reported. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) finds its place when the relatively costly equipment required by other methods is unavailable. This review covers the 1991–2010 literature on TLC/HPTLC (high performance thin layer chromatography) amino acid and vitamin determinations. It gives an overview of the special features as well as the problems in TLC/HPTLC determinations of amino acids and vitamins. Various chromatographic systems useful in amino acid and vitamin identification, separation and quantitation of are presented in tabular form. Future prospects of TLC/HPTLC for amino acid and vitamin determinations are also discussed.
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10
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Thin-layer chromatography with stationary phase gradient as a method for separation of water-soluble vitamins. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:142-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li D, Qu L, Zhai W, Xue J, Fossey JS, Long Y. Facile on-site detection of substituted aromatic pollutants in water using thin layer chromatography combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:4046-52. [PMID: 21486008 DOI: 10.1021/es104155r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel facile method for on-site detection of substituted aromatic pollutants in water using thin layer chromatography (TLC) combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was explored. Various substituted aromatics in polluted water were separated by a convenient TLC protocol and then detected using a portable Raman spectrometer with the prepared silver colloids serving as SERS-active substrates. The effects of operating conditions on detection efficacy were evaluated, and the application of TLC-SERS to on-site detection of artificial and real-life samples of aromatics/polluted water was systematically investigated. It was shown that commercially available Si 60-F(254) TLC plates were suitable for separation and displayed low SERS background and good separation efficiency, 2 mM silver colloids, 20 mM NaCl (working as aggregating agent), 40 mW laser power, and 50 s intergration time were appropriate for the detection regime. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative detection of most of substituted aromatic pollutants was found to be readily accomplished using the developed TLC-SERS technique, which compared well with GC-MS in terms of identification ability and detection accuracy, and a limit of detection (LOD) less than 0.2 ppm (even at ppb level for some analytes) could be achieved under optimal conditions. The results reveal that the presented convenient method could be used for the effective separation and detection of the substituted aromatic pollutants of water on site, thus reducing possible influences of sample transportation and contamination while shortening the overall analysis time for emergency and routine monitoring of the substituted aromatics/polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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12
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Barua AG, Hazarika S, Pathak JS, Kalita C. Spectroscopic investigation of the seeds of chilli (Capsicum annumL.). Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 59:671-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09638280701623810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Khan MA, Jin SO, Lee SH, Chung HY. Spectrofluorimetric determination of vitamin B1using horseradish peroxidase as catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. LUMINESCENCE 2009; 24:73-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cimpoiu C, Hosu A. Thin Layer Chromatography for the Analysis of Vitamins and Their Derivatives. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701191011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cimpoiu
- a “Babes‐Bolyai” , University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Cluj‐Napoca , Romania
| | - Anamaria Hosu
- a “Babes‐Bolyai” , University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Cluj‐Napoca , Romania
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Aranda M, Morlock G. Simultaneous determination of riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinamide, caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by planar chromatography-multiple detection with confirmation by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1131:253-60. [PMID: 16875697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new high-throughput method was developed to detect simultaneously riboflavin (Vitamin B(2)), pyridoxine (Vitamin B(6)), nicotinamide (Vitamin B(3)), caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by multiple detection. Ten samples of energy drinks and six samples of beverages containing caffeine were prepared by degassing in an ultrasonic bath for 20 min. After chromatography, multi-wavelength scanning was performed by: (1) UV-absorbance measurement at 261 nm for nicotinamide and 275 nm for caffeine, (2) fluorescence measurement at 366/>400 and 313/>340 nm for riboflavin and pyridoxine, respectively, and (3) Vis-absorbance measurement at 525 nm for taurine, after post-chromatographic derivatization with ninhydrin reagent. Calibrations were linear or polynomial with determination coefficients r(2)>0.999. Overall recoveries of the five compounds were between 81 and 106% at three different concentration levels. Repeatabilities (RSD, %) of all substances in matrix were determined to be between 0.8 and 1.5%. Intermediate precisions (RSD, %) ranged between 3.6 and 7.4% for riboflavin, 2.8 and 6.3% for nicotinamide, 2.5 and 4.4% for caffeine, 2.1 and 2.9% for taurine and 0.5 and 4.0% for pyridoxine at different concentration levels. Mass confirmation was performed by a single quadrupole MS in positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) scan mode for all substances except taurine (negative mode). This method offers a good alternative for routine analysis due to its simplicity and at the same time reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aranda
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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