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Pereira AS, Martin JW. Exploring the complexity of oil sands process-affected water by high efficiency supercritical fluid chromatography/orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:735-744. [PMID: 26406488 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Approximately 1 billion m(3) of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is currently stored in tailings ponds in Northern Alberta, Canada. The dissolved organic compounds in OSPW have been termed a supercomplex mixture of bitumen-derived substances and continuing efforts to understand its underlying chemical composition are important for evaluating its environmental hazards. METHODS Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was applied to OSPW analysis for the first time. By combining four columns in series (each 25 cm × 4.6 mm I.D., 5.0 µm bare silica) approximately 80,000 plates were achieved on a 1 m column. Using a simple fixed restrictor, the SFC eluent was coupled directly to ultrahigh-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry (SFC/Orbitrap-MS). RESULTS SFC/Orbitrap-MS, with positive and negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI +/-), revealed the partial or full chromatographic separation of isomers for a wide array of chemical species, including naphthenic acids (Cn H2n + Z O2 ) and unknown sulfur- and nitrogen-containing molecules. For smaller compounds (e.g. naphthenic acids where n ≤10), or for larger structurally constrained compounds (e.g. C16 naphthenic acid with 9 double-bond equivalents), apparent baseline resolution of many isomers was possible. Isomer-specific MS/MS experiments furthermore allowed characterization of functional groups in novel species. For example, in APCI+ mode, up to 16 isomers of C6 H11 ON were revealed to have amide and amino functionalities. CONCLUSIONS This combination of high efficiency chromatography and ultra-high mass resolution detection resulted in a powerful method with capabilities for characterizing or 'fingerprinting' unknown species with little interference. The method has great promise for environmental monitoring and forensics in the oil sands region, as well as for further studies on the composition of dissolved organic compounds in OSPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Pereira
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - J W Martin
- Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
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Weller HN, Ebinger K, Bullock W, Edinger KJ, Hermsmeier MA, Hoffman SL, Nirschl DS, Swann T, Zhao J, Kiplinger J, Lefebvre P. Orthogonality of SFC versus HPLC for Small Molecule Library Separation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:877-82. [DOI: 10.1021/cc100118y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold N. Weller
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Katalin Ebinger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - William Bullock
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Kurt J. Edinger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Mark A. Hermsmeier
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Steven L. Hoffman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - David S. Nirschl
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Thomas Swann
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Jeffrey Kiplinger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Paul Lefebvre
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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